ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

CURRICULAM-2007(Proposed)
B.Tech. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION
II Year B.TECH I -SEMESTER
Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC/EI/EE-211 Mathematics-III 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
EC/EI/EE/
2 Environmental Studies 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
CHE/BT -212
3 EC/EI/EE-213 Circuit Theory 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC/EI/EE-214 Electronic Devices 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC/EI/EE-215 Electromagnetic Field Theory 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
6 EC/EI/EE-216 Digital Electronics 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
7 EC/EI-217 Electrical Technology 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
8 EC-251 Electronic Devices Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
9 EC/EI-252 Digital Electronics Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 28 2 6 260 590 850

II Year B.TECH II - SEMESTER

Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC/EI/EE-221 Mathematics-IV 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
2 EC/EI/EE-222 Data Structures using C 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
3 EC/EI/EE-223 Electronic Circuits-I 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC-224 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC-225 Network Analysis and Synthesis 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
6 EC/EI-226 Signals and Systems 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
7 EC-261 Electronic Circuits Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
8 EC/EI-262 Electrical Engineering Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
9 EC/EI/EE-263 Data Structures Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 24 3 9 255 570 825

III Year B.TECH I -SEMESTER

Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC-311 Professional Ethics and Human Values 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
2 EC/EI/EE-312 Linear Control Systems 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
3 EC/EI/EE-313 Electronic Circuits - II 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC/EE-314 OOPS and OS 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC-315 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
6 EC-316 Pulse Circuits 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
7 EC-317 Analog Communications 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
8 EC-351 Analog Communication Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
9 EC-352 OOPS and PSPICE Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 28 2 6 260 590 850
 ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY
CURRICULAM-2007(Proposed)
B.Tech. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION
III Year B.TECH II -SEMESTER
Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC-321 Digital Communications 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
2 EC/EE-322 Linear ICs and Applications 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
3 EC/EI/EE-323 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC/EI/EE-324 Digital Signal Processing 4 1 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC-325 Antennas and Wave Propagation 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
6 EC-326 Communication Systems 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
7 EC-361 Pulse Circuits and ICs Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
8 EC/EI-362 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
9 EC-363 Communication skills lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 24 3 9 255 570 825
IV Year B.TECH I -SEMESTER
Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC/EI/EE-411 Industrial management 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
2 EC/EI-412 Computer Networks 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
3 EC-413 Microwave Engineering 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC-414 Satellite Communication 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC-415 Elective - I 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
6 EC-416 Elective - II 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
9 EC-451 Term Paper 0 0 3 - 25 0 25
7 EC-452 Digital Communications and VHDL Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
8 EC-453 Digital Signal Pocessing Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 24 0 9 255 520 775
Elective - I: (A) VLSI Design Elective - II: (A) Digital Image Processing
(B) Database Management Systems (B) Neural Networks
(C) Biomedical Engineering (C) Speech Signal Processing
(D) Fuzzy Systems (D) Artificial Intelligence
IV Year B.TECH II - SEMESTER
Scheme of
COURSE DETAILS Instructioins Scheme of Examination
Periods per week
S.No
Duration of
Sessional University Total
CODE No. TITLE Lect. Tuto. Pract. University
Marks marks Marks
Exam(Hrs.)
1 EC-421 Mobile and Cellular Communications 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
2 EC-422 Optical Communications 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
3 EC-423 Radar and Navigational Aids 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
4 EC-424 Elective - III 4 0 0 3 30 70 100
5 EC-461 Project and Viva Voce 0 0 3 3 50 100 150
6 EC-462 Microwave and Optical Communication Lab 0 0 3 3 25 50 75
TOTAL 16 0 6 195 430 625
Elective - III: (A) Embedded Systems (C) HDL Programming
(B) Advanced Digital Signal Processing (D) Java Programming
EC/EE/EI 211 MATHEMATICS – III L T P M
4 0 0 100
UNIT – I
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:
Formation, Solution of Partial Differential Equation, Equations solvable by direct
integration, Linear equations of the first order, Non Linear Equations of the first order
using Charpit’s method.
Homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients, Non Homogeneous linear
equations.

UNIT – II
INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS:
Introduction, Definition, Fourier integrals, Fourier sine and cosine integrals: Complex
form of Fourier integrals, Fourier transforms: Fourier sine and cosine transforms-
Finite Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Solution of Algeabric and Transcendental
Equations: Introduction, Newton-Raphson method, Solution of simultaneous linear
equations-Gauss elemination and Gauss-Seidal iterative methods.

UNIT-III
INTERPOLATION:
Introduction, Finite Differences: Forward, Backward, Central differences, Symbolic
relations, Differences of a polynomial, Newton’s formula for interpolation, Central
difference interpolation formulae: Gauss’s, Stirling’s formulae, Interpolation with
unequal intervals, Lagrange & Newton Method. Numerical differentiation- finding first
and second order differentials using Newton’s Formulae

UNIT-IV
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION:
Trapezoidal rule, Simson’s rule, Numerical solutions of ordinary and partial
differential equations: Euler’s method, Modified Eulers method, Runge-Kutta method
of fourth order(for first order equations only), Boundary value problems, Solution of
Laplace and Poisson equations by iteration method.

TEXT BOOKS:
th
1. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, 39 Edition, Khanna Publishers,
2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, New Age
International (P) Ltd,.
2. M.K.Jain, S.R.K Iyengar and R.KJain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and
Engineering Computation.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI/CHE/BT 212 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

Introduction: Definition, Scope and Importance.

Ecosystems: Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and functions of
Ecosystems- Forest, Grassland, Desert, Aquatic (lakes, rivers and estuaries).
Natural Resources:
Land resources - Land as a resource, Common property resources, land
degradation, soil erosion and desertification and Effects of modern agriculture,
fertilizer- pesticide problems.
Forest Resources- Use and over-exploitation, Mining and dams; their effects on
forests and tribal people.
Water Resources - Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods and
drought, Water logging and salinity, Dams – benefits and costs, Conflicts over water.
Energy resources: Energy needs, Renewable and non-renewable energy sources,
Use of alternate energy sources.

UNIT – II

Biodiversity and its Conservation: Value of biodiversity- consumptive and

productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Bio-geographical
classification of India, India as a mega-diversity habitat. Threats to bio-diversity – Hot
spots, habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, loss of species, seeds, etc. Conservation of
biodiversity - In-situ and Ex-situ conservation.
Environmental Pollution: Causes, effects and control measures of Air pollution,
Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Solid waste
management, composting and vermiculture, Urban and industrial wastes, recycling
and re-use.

UNIT –III

Sustainability: Theory and practice, equitable use of resources for sustainable life
styles.
Rain water harvesting, cloud seeding and watershed management, Water scarcity
and ground water depletion.
Controversies on major dams- Resettlement and rehabilitation of people, problems
and concerns. Nature of thermal pollution and nuclear hazards, Global warming,
Acid rain, Ozone depletion. Green revolution. Population growth and environment.
Environmental Impact Assessment.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
UNIT – IV

Environmental acts: Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) act, Air (Prevention
and Control of pollution) act, Environmental protection act, Wild life protection act,
Forest Conservation act.
International Conventions: Stockholm Conference 1972 and Earth Summit 1992
Case Studies: Chipko movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan, Silent Valley Project,
Madhura Refinery and Taj Mahal, Chernobyl Nuclear Diaster, Tehri Dam, Ralegaon
Siddhi (Anne Hazare), Florosis and Bhopal Tragedy.
Field work:
Visit to a local area to document environmental assets – river/ forest/ grassland / hill
/mountain. Study of local environment-common plants, insects, birds.
Study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill, slopes etc.
Visits to industries, water treatment plants, effluent treatment plants

TEXT BOOK:

1) Benny Joseph, Environmental Studies, The Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company Limited, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1) Erach Bharucha, Text book of environmental studies, UGC.

2) Anubha Kaushik and C. P. Kaushik, Environmental Studies.
3) S. Deswal and A. Deswal, A basic course in environmental studies, Dhanapath
Rai & Co.
4) Kurian joseph and R.Nagendram, Essentials of environmental studies, Pearson
Education Pt Ltd, Delhi.
5) R.Rajagopalan, Environmental studies, Oxford university press.
6) C. S. Rao, Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Age International Ltd.,
7) Anjaneyulu Y, Introduction to Environmental Science, B S Publications
8) Manoharachary C and Jayarama Reddy P, Principles of Environmental Studies,
B S Publications

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 213 CIRCUIT THEORY L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I

INTRODUCTION OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS:

Basic definition of the unit of Charge, Voltage, Current, Power and Energy, Circuit
concept, Active and Passive circuit elements; Ideal, Practical and dependent sources
and their V-I characteristics, Source transformation, Voltage and Current division; V-
I characteristics of Passive elements and their series / parallel combination; Star
Delta transformation, Energy stored in Inductors and Capacitors Kirchhoff’s Voltage
law and Kirchhoff’s Current law;

GRAPH THEORY:
Introduction to Graph Theory, Tree, Branch, Link, Cutset and loop matrices,
relationship among various matrices and parameters, Mesh and Nodal Analysis

UNIT – II

NETWORK THEOREMS:
Superposition theorem, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems, Reciprocity,
Compensation, Maximum power transfer theorems, Tellegan’s and Millman’s
theorems, Application of theorems to DC circuits.

INTRODUCTION TO ALTERNATING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES:

Instantaneous, Peak, Average and RMS values of various waveforms; Crest factor,
Form factor; Concept of phase and phase difference in sinusoidal waveforms; Phase
relation in pure resistor, Inductor and capacitor; Impedance diagram, phasor
diagram, series and parallel circuits, compound Circuits.

UNIT – III

SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE ANALYSIS:

Application of network theorems to AC circuits. Computation of active, reactive and
complex powers; power factor.

RESONANCE:
Series resonance, Impedance and phase angle, voltages and currents, bandwidth
and Q factor and its effect on bandwidth, magnification, parallel resonance, resonant
frequency, variation of impedance with frequency , Q factor, magnification, reactance
curves in parallel resonance.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
UNIT – IV

TRANSIENTS AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS:

Steady state and transient response, DC and Sinusoidal response of an R-L, R-C, R-
L-C circuits.
Laplace Transforms of typical signals, periodic functions, Inverse transforms, Intitial
and final value theorems, Application of Laplace transforms in circuit analysis.

PSPICE:
Introduction to PSpice: D.C Analysis and control statements, dependent sources, DC
Sweep, AC Analysis and control statements, Transient analysis.
.
TEXT BOOKS:

1. William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit

Analysis, 6th Edition,TMH, 2002.
2. M.E.Vanvalkenburg, Network Analysis, 3rd Edition, PHI, 2003.
3. A Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan SP, Circuits and Networks: Analysis and
Synthesis, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Franklin F.Kuo, Network Analysis and Synthesis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2003
2. Mahmood Nahvi and Joseph Edminister, Electric Circuits, 4th Edition, Schaum’s
outline series, TMH, 2004
.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 214 ELECTRONIC DEVICES L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

CONDUCTION IN SEMICONDUCTORS: Classification of materials based on energy

band diagram, Conductivity of a semiconductor, Carrier concentration in an intrinsic
semiconductor, Fermi level in an intrinsic semiconductor, Law of mass action, Donor
and acceptor impurities, Charge densities in a semiconductor, Fermi level in a
semiconductor having impurities, Diffusion, Carrier life time, Continuity equation,
Diffusion length, Hall effect

UNIT – II

SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES: Quantitative theory of P-N junction diode, V – I

Characteristics and its temperature dependence, Transition and Diffusion
capacitances of P-N junction diode, Limitations and specifications of diodes, Break
down of junctions under reverse bias. Avalanche Diode, Zener Diode, Varactor
Diode, Tunnel Diode, Photo Diode, LED and LCD: Characteristics and areas of
applications.

UNIT – III

JUNCTION TRANSISTOR: NPN & PNP junction transistors, Transistor current

components, Transistor as an Amplifier, CB, CE and CC configurations and their
characteristics, DC bias and its stabilization, Various Stabilization and Compensation
circuits, Thermal runaway and thermal stability, Phototransistor.

UNIT – IV

UNIPOLAR DEVICES: JFET, Depletion-MOSFET, and Enhancement-MOSFET:

Basic construction, operation, Drain and Transfer characteristics, FET Parameters -
rd, gm, μ; biasing methods. UJT: Basic construction, electrical equivalent circuit and
operation, emitter characteristics.
POWER DEVICES: P-N-P-N Devices, SCR-Two transistor analogy and
characteristics, DIAC and TRIAC: their characteristics only.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jacob Millman and Christos C Halkias, Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2002
2. Theodore F Bogart Jr., Jeffrey S Beasley and Guillermo Rico, Electronic Devices
and Circuits, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
3. Robert L Boylested and Louis Nashelsky , Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory,
8th Edition, PHI, 2003
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. David A Bell, Electronic Devices and Circuits, 4th Edition, PHI, 2003
2. NN Bhargava, DC Kulshrestha and SC Gupta – Basic Electronics and Linear
Circuits, TTTI Series, TMH, 2003

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 215 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Electrostatics –I:
The experimental law of coulomb, Electric field intensity, Field due to a continuous
volume charge distribution, Field of a line charge, sheet of charge. Electric Flux
Density, Guass’s law , Applications of Gauss law, Divergence, Maxwell’s First
equation (Electrostatics), Energy expended in moving a point charge in an electric
field, The line integral, Definition of potential and potential difference. The potential
field of a point charge, system of charges, potential gradient, the dipole and Energy
density in electrostatic field.

UNIT – II
Electrostatics – II:
The nature of dielectric materials, boundary conditions for perfect dielectric
materials. Capacitance. Several capacitance examples. Capacitance of a two wire
line. Derivations of Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations, Examples of the solution of
Laplace’s equation. Current and current density, continuity of current, conductor
properties and boundary conditions

UNIT – III

The Steady Magnetic Field: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Magnetic Flux
and Magnetic Flux Density, The scalar and vector magnetic potentials
Magnetic Forces and Materials: Force on a moving charge, Force on a differential
current element, Force between differential current elements, Force and torque on a
closed circuit, The nature of magnetic materials, Magnetization and Permeability.
Magnetic boundary conditions. Potential energy in magnetic fields.

UNIT – IV
Time Varying Fields and Maxwell’s Equations: Faraday’s law, Displacement current,
Maxwell’s equations in point form, integral form.
The Uniform Plane Wave: Wave propagation in free space, dielectrics. Poynting
theorem and wave power. Propagation in good conductors: skin effect. Wave
polarization. Reflection of uniform plane waves at normal incidence. Plane wave
propagation in general directions. Plane wave reflection at oblique incidence angles.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. W H Hayt, J A Buck Engineering Electromagnetics, 7th Edition TMH, 2006.
2. Mathew NO Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University Press,
2003.
3. G S N Raju, Electromagnetic Field Theory and transmission lines, 1st Edition,
Pearson Education India,2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Joseph A Edminister, Theory and Problems of Electromagnetics, 2nd Edition,
Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc-Graw Hill International, 1993
2. EC Jordan and KG Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems,
PHI 2003.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 216 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES:
Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Number systems and their conversions,
Arithmetic additions, subtraction using the method of complements, Multiplication
and division. Codes: BCD, Excess 3, Gray, Alphanumeric and Error detection codes.
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA:
Boolean expressions and theorems, Logic gates, Universal gates, Canonical and
standard forms, Boolean functions, simplification of Boolean functions using K maps
(up to five variables), Minimal functions and their properties, Tabulation method,
NAND implementations two level and Multilevel.

UNIT – II
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS:
EX-OR, EX-NOR Circuits, General design procedure for Combinational logic circuits,
Design and applications of Binary Adders and Subtractors, Comparators, Encoders,
Decoders, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, Design of BCD to 7 Segment Decoder,
Parity Generator and Checker, Error Detection and Correction using Hamming Code,
BCD Adder / Subtractor Carry look ahead adders.

UNIT – III
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS:
Latches, Characteristic Table, Characteristic Equation, Excitation table, State table
and State diagrams for SR, JK, Master Slave JK, D and T Flip-flops, Conversion
from one type of Flip-flop to another, Shift Registers, Analysis and Synthesis of
Sequential Circuits-Sequence Generator, Sequence Detector, Parity Generator.
COUNTERS USING FLIP- FLOPS: Design of Ripple counters, Synchronous
counters, Up/Down counters using Flip-flops.

UNIT – IV
IC LOGIC FAMILIES: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS and IIL families and their
comparison. MSI and LSI: Programmable Logic Arrays, Programmable Array Logic.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. M Morris Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, PHI/Pearson Education,
2003.
2. RP Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003
3. Fundamental of Digital Circuits, A.Anand Kumar, Pearson Education, 4th Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Zvi Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 2nd Edition, TMH, 1978
2. Taub and Schilling, Digital Integrated Electronics, Mc-Graw Hill, 1977.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 217 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
DC MACHINES:
Construction, Principle and operation of DC generator, EMF equation, Methods of
excitation, DC motor principle, Back EMF, Torque equation, Load characteristics of
DC shunt, series and compound generators, Motors, Losses and Efficiency,
Applications of speed control, Swinburne’s test, Three-point starter.

UNIT – II
Introduction to polyphase system, Advantages, relationship between various values
for star and delta connection system.
TRANSFORMERS:
Principle, Operation on load and no load, Phasor diagrams, Equivalent circuit,
Regulation, Losses and Efficiency, OC and SC tests, Auto transformers, Elementary
treatment of 3 phase transformer connections, Star/star, Delta/star connections.

UNIT – III
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS:
Construction, Rotating magnetic field, Principle of operation of Induction Motors,
Torque equation, Torque-slip characteristics, Types of starters.
SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS:
Construction, Starting methods, Fractional Horse Power motors for tape recorders
and teleprinters.
STEPPER MOTORS: Principle, Construction, Working and different types

UNIT – IV
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
Principle and constructional features of an alternator, EMF equation, Synchronous
impedance method, Synchronous motors, Principle of operation, Methods of starting
andapplications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Edward Hughes, Electrical Technology, 6th Edition, Longman Group, 1987
2. JB Gupta, A Course in Electrical Technology, S K Kataria & Sons, 2003
3. PC Sen, Principles of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, John Wiley,
1989
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Vincent Del Toro, Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Pearson Education
2. H Cotton, Advanced Electrical Technology, AH Wheeler & Co., 1990
3. Eugene Lister, Electric Circuits and Machines,
4. B.L Theraja, A Text Book of Electrical Technology, Nirja, 1995
5. C.K Mukerjee, Electrical Machines.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 251 ELECTRONIC DEVICES LABORATORY L T P M
0 0 3 75

1. Study of C.R.O
2. Characteristics of Silicon and Germanium diodes
3. Characteristics of Zener diode and regulator
4. Characteristics of Common Base configuration
5. Characteristics of Common Emitter configuration
6. Characteristics of Emitter follower circuit
7. Characteristics of JFET
8. Characteristics of UJT
9. Design and verification of Self bias circuit
10. Characteristics of Silicon Controlled Rectifier
11. Characteristics of DIAC
12. Characteristics of LDR and Thermistor characteristics
13. Characteristics of source follower circuit
14. Design and verification of collector to base bias circuit
15. Characteristics of Photo transistor

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 252 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LABORATORY L T P M
0 0 3 75

1. Realization of Gates using Discrete Components.

2. Realization of Gates using Universal Building Block ( NAND only ).
3. Design of Combinational Logic Circuits like Half-adder, Full-adder, Half-Sub
tractor and Full-Sub tractor.
4. Verification of 4-bit Magnitude Comparator.
5. Design of Decoders like BCD – Decimal decoder .
6. Applications of IC Parallel Adder ( 1’s & 2’s compliment addition ).
7. Design of Code Converters ( Binary to Gray ).
8. Design of Multiplexers/De Multiplexers.
9. Verification of Truth Table of Flip-Flops using Gates.
10. Design of Shift register ( To Verify Serial to parallel, parallel to Serial , Serial to
Serial and parallel to parallel Converters ) using Flip-Flops.
11. Design of Ring & Jhonson Counters using Flip-Flops.
12. Conversion of Flip-Flops ( JK-T, JK – D ).
13. Design of Binary/Decade Counter.
14. Design of Asynchronous Counter, Mod Counter, Up Counter, Down Counter &
Up/Down Counter.
15. Design of Synchronous Counter, Mod Counter, Up Counter, Down Counter &
Up/Down Counter.

NOTE: A minimum of 10 ( Ten ) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 221 MATHEMATICS – IV L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

COMPLEX ANALYSIS: Introduction, Continuity, Cauchy-Riemann equations,

Analytic functions, Harmonic functions, Orthogonal systems.

UNIT – II

COMPLEX INTEGRATION: Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula,

Taylor’s series, Laurent’s series, Zeros and singularities.

UNIT – III

Calculation of residues, Residue theorem, Evaluation of real definite integrals (by

applying the residue theorem) Series solutions of differential equations: Introduction,
Series solution, Validity of Series solution, General method (Frobenius method),
Forms of series solution.

UNIT – IV

Series solution of Bessel’s and Legendre’s equation. Recurrence formulae,

Generating functions, Rodrigue’s formula, Orthogonality of Bessel’s functions and
Legendre polynomials.

TEXT BOOK:
1. B S Grewal, Higher Engineering Mathematics, 39th Edition, Khanna Publishers,
Delhi, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edition, New Age
International (P) Ltd.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 222 DATA STRUCTURES USING C L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I

Algorithm Analysis: Mathematical Back Ground, Model, What to Analyze, Running

Time Calculations.
Lists: Abstract Data Types, the List ADT, Singly Linked List ADT, Doubly Linked List
ADT, Circular Linked List ADT, Polynomial ADT.

UNIT – II

STACKS: The Stack ADT Implementations using Arrays and linked list, Stack
applications such as Infix to postfix expression conversion, Evaluation of Postfix
expressions, Delimiter Matching, Recursion.
QUEUES: The Queue ADT Implementations using Arrays and linked list, the Circular
Queue ADT, Applications.

UNIT – III
SEARCHING: Linear and Binary Searching, Hashing – Hash functions, Separate
chaining, Open-Addressing.
Internal Sorting: Preliminaries, Exchange sort, Selection sort, Insertion Sort, Shell
Sort, Heap Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, , Comparison of Sorting in terms of Timing
Complexities.

UNIT – IV

Binary Trees: Implementation, Expression Tress, Binary tree traversal techniques

(recursive & no-recursive).
Search Trees: Binary Search Trees, Implementation.
AVL Trees : Single Rotations, Double Rotations, Insertion, Deletion.
Splay Trees: A Simple Idea, Splaying, B-Trees, B+Trees.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Mark Allen Weiss, “Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C”, Second Edition,
Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Langsam, Augenstein & Tenenbaum, Data Structures using C and C++, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Robert L.Kruse, Leung and Tando, Data Structures and Program Design in C,
PHI.
3. Trembly and Sorenson, An Introduction of Data Structures with Applications.
4. Horowitz and Sahani, Fundamentals of Data Structures
5. Samanta, Classic Data Structures, 1e, 2001, PHI.
6. Bandyopadhyay, Dey, Data Structures Using C,1e, 2004, Pearson Education.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 223 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS – I L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
RECTIFIERS:
Diode as a Rectifier, Half wave, Full wave and Bridge Rectifiers without filter and
with inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L section and π - section filters.

UNIT – II
TRANSISTOR AMLIFIERS:
Hybrid parameter model of transistor, Determination of h parameters from
Characteristics, Measurement of h parameters, Analysis of transistor amplifier using
h Parameter model, Millers theorem, High input resistance circuits – Darlington pair,
Boot Strapped Darlington pair, Cascode transistor amplifier, Emitter coupled
difference amplifier, Other transistor models – re model and T model.

UNIT – III
TRANSISTOR AT HIGH FREQUENCIES:
Hybrid model
 of transistor, CE short circuit current gain, CE current gain with
Resistive load, Single stage CE amplifier response, Gain Bandwidth product, Emitter
follower at high frequencies.

UNIT – IV
MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS:
Distortion in amplifiers, Frequency response of an amplifier, Band pass of cascaded
stages – Interacting and Non-interacting, RC coupled amplifier, Direct coupled
amplifier, Effect of emitter bypass capacitor on overall response.
FET AMPLIFIERS:
FET amplifiers at low frequencies, CS / CD / CG configurations at low frequencies,
FET amplifier at high frequencies – CS / CD amplifiers.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jacob Millman and Christos C Halkias, Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital
Circuits and Systems, TMH, 2003
2. Theodore F Bogart Jr., Jeffrey S Beasley and Guillermo Rico, Electronic Devices
and Circuits, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
3. Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C.Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2004
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Donald L. Schilling and Charles Belove, Electronic Circuits-Discrete and
Integrated, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 224 TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES L T P M
4 0 0 100
UNIT – I
TRANSMISSION LINES: A line of cascaded T-sections, Transmission line general
solution, Attenuation constant and phase constant, Propagation constant, Problems
on above, Computing primary and secondary constants. The infinite line,
Wavelength, Velocity of propagation, Group velocity, Waveform distortion, The
distortionless line, Telephone cable, Inductance loading of telephone cables,
Reflection on a line not terminated in Zo, Reflection coefficient, Input and transfer
impedance, Open and short circuited lines, Reflection factor and reflection loss,
Insertion loss, T and section equivalents to lines.
UNIT – II
TRANSMISSION LINE AT HIGH FREQUENCIES: Parameters of open wire line at
high frequencies, Parameters of coaxial lines at high frequencies, Constants for the
line of zero dissipation, Voltages and current on dissipation line, Standing waves,
Standing wave ratio, Input impedance of the dissipationless line, Input and output
impedance of short circuited lines, Power and impedance measurement on lines,
Reflection losses on the unmatched line, Single stub and double stub impedance
matching on line using Smith chart.
UNIT – III
GUIDED WAVES: Waves between parallel planes, Transverse electric waves,
Transverse magnetic waves, Characteristics of TE and TM waves, Transverse
electromagnetic waves; Velocities of propagation, Attenuation in parallel plane
guides, Field distribution in the transverse and longitudinal sections, Current flow on
the walls for dominant and other important modes.
RECTANGULAR WAVE GUIDES: Transverse magnetic waves, Transverse electric
waves, Impossibility of TEM waves in hollow wave guides, Wave impedance and
characteristic impedance, Field distribution in the transverse and longitudinal planes,
Current flow on walls for dominant and other important modes, Attenuation factor
and Q - factor of wave guide.
UNIT IV
CIRCULAR WAVE GUIDES: Solution of the field equation in cylindrical co-ordinates,
TM and TE waves in circular guides, field distribution in the transverse and
longitudinal planes.
STRIP TYPE TRANSMISSION LINES: Parallel plate transmission, Symmetrical strip
transmission, Asymmetric strip transmission, other strip transmission lines.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. John D Ryder, Networks Lines and Fields, PHI, 1995
2. E C Jordan and K G Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems,
2nd Edition, PHI, 2003.
3. M N O Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press,
2003.
4. P A Rizzi, Micro Wave Engineering : Passive Circuits, PHI, 2002
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. A Kumar, Microwave Techniques, Transmission Lines, NAI (P) LTD, 2000

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 225 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
NETWORK FUNTIONS: Poles and Zeros, Network functions for the one port and
two port, Poles and zeros of network functions, Restrictions on pole and zero
locations for driving point functions and transfer functions, Time domain behavior
from the pole zero plot.
TWO PORT NETWORK PARAMETERS: Two port network, Open circuit impedance,
Short circuit admittance (Y), Transmission, Inverse transmission, Hybrid and inverse
hybrid parameters, Relation between parameter sets, Interconnection of two port
networks, Lattice networks, Image parameters.

UNIT – II
ATTENUATORS: Symmetrical and Asymmetrical attenuators, T-type attenuator, P-
type attenuator, Lattice attenuator, Bridged T attenuator, L-type attenuator.
FILTERS: Characteristic impedance of symmetrical networks, Properties of
symmetrical networks, Filter fundamentals, Pass and stop bands, Characteristic
impedance, Constant K low pass filter, Constant K high pass filter, m - derived T
section, m – derived Section, Variation of characteristic impedance over the pass
band, Termination with m-derived half section, Band pass filters, Filter circuit
design, Filter performance.

UNIT – III
FILTER DESIGN: The filter design problem, The approximation problem in network
theory, The maximally flat low pass filter approximation, other low-pass filter
approximations, Transient response of low pass filters, Magnitude and phase
normalization, Frequency transformation.

UNIT – IV
NETWORK SYNTHESIS: Positive real functions, Positive real function properties,
Testing driving point functions, Driving point function synthesis with two LC,RL,RC
(Both caur and foster froms) elements, Two port network synthesis by ladder
development, series and parallel realistions.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. M.E.Vanvalkenburg, Network Analysis, 3rd Edition PHI, 2003.
2. A Sudhakar and SP Shyam Mohan, Circuits and Networks: Analysis and
Synthesis, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2002.
3. John D Ryder, Networks, Lines and Fields, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2003.
nd
4. Franklin F. Kuo, Network Analysis and Synthesis, 2 Edition, Wiley India
Ltd.,2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. M.E Vanvalkenburg, Introduction to Modern Network Systhesis, 2nd Edition,
Wiley India Ltd,1986.
2. Vasudev K Astre, Network Theory and Filter Design, 2nd Edition, Wiley
Estern,2002.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 226 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
SIGNAL ANALYSIS: Introduction to signals and systems, Classification of signals
and systems (both discrete and continuous); Approximation of a function by a set of
mutually orthogonal functions, Evaluation of mean square error, Orthogonality in
complex functions, Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier series, Representation of
a periodic function by Fourier series, Fourier transform, Properties of Fourier
transforms, Fourier transform of simple functions. Sampling theorem - statement and
proof, Aliasing.

UNIT – II
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR NETWORKS: Linear time-invariant
system, Time response, Convolution and it’s graphical interpretation, Causality and
stability, Paley-Wiener criterion, Frequency response, Filter characteristics of linear
systems, Conditions for distortionless transmission, Relation between bandwidth and
rise time.
SPECTRAL DENSITY AND CORRELATION: Energy and power spectral density,
Properties, Auto-correlation and Cross-correlation functions, Properties of correlation
function, Parseval’s theorem.

UNIT – III
NOISE: Sources of Noise, Thermal Noise, Noise power spectral density, Noise
calculation, Multiple sources-Superposition Of power spectra, Noise calculations in
Passive circuits, Equivalent noise bandwidth, Noise-Figure of an amplifier, Power
density and available power density, Effective input noise temperature, Effective
noise temperature, Noise Figure in terms of available gain, Cascaded stages,
Measurement of Noise Figure.

UNIT – IV
PROBABILITY& RANDOM VARIABLES: Definition of probability, Axioms of
probability, Joint probability, Conditional probability, Total probability, Bayes‘
theorem, Independent events, Random variables, discrete and continuous,
Probability Distribution Function, Probability Density Function, Guassian Random
variable, Conditional distribution and density functions, Mean ,Variance and standard
deviation of a random variable, Characteristic function.
RANDOM PROCESSES: Random process concept , stationarity and independence,
correlation functions, Gaussian random process and Poisson random process,
power density spectrum and its properties, relationship between power spectrum and
autocorrelation function.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B P Lathi, Signals, Systems and Communications, BSP, 2003
2. P.Z Peebles, Jr, Probability, random variables and random signal principles, TMH.
3. Simon Haykin, Signals and Systems, John Wiley, 2004

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A V Oppenheim, A S Wilsky and IT Young, Signals and Systems, PHI/ Pearson,
2003
2. David K Cheng, Analysis of Linear Systems, Narosa Publishers, 1990

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 261 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY L T P M
0 0 3 75

Experiments Based on Electronic Circuits

1. Study of Full Wave Rectifier with and without Filters.

2. Study of Bridge Rectifier With and Without Filters.
3. Frequency Response of Common Emitter Amplifier.
4. Frequency Response of Common Source Amplifier.
5. Measurement of Parameters of Emitter Follower and Source Follower; RI, AV, AI &
RO.
6. Study of Cascode Amplifier.
7. Two Stage RC-Coupled Amplifier.

Experiments Based on Networks

8. Constant K Low-Pass and High-Pass Filter.

9. Constant K Band-Pass and Band-Elimination Filters.
10. M-Derived Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters.
11. T And П Attenuators.
12. Measurement of Impedance, Admittance and Transmission Parameters.
13. Measurement of Image and Iterative Impedance of Symmetrical and
Asymmetrical Networks.
14. Design of Constant Resistance and Bridged T-Equalisers.

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments, choosing 5 (Five) from each part, have
to be performed and recorded by the candidate to attain eligibility for University
Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 262 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY L T P M
0 0 3 75

1. Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem.

2. Verification of Superposition Theorem.
3. Verification of Reciprocity & Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
4. Parameters of Given Choke Coil.
5. Resonance of a RLC Series & Parallel Circuits.
6. Verification of KCL & KVL.
7. Speed Control of a DC Shunt Motor.
8. Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC Shunt Generator and Obtaining Critical
Field Resistance and Critical Speed.
9. Load Test on a DC Shunt Generator.
10. Load Test on a DC Compound Generator.
11. Swinburne’s test on a DC Shunt Machine.
12. OC & SC test on Single Phase Transformer.
13. Direct Load Test on Single Phase Transformer.
14. Regulation of 3-Phase alternator by Synchronous Impedance Method.
15. Direct Load Test on a 3-Phase Induction Motor.

NOTE: A minimum of 10 (Ten) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examinations.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 263 DATA STRUCTURES LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

LIST OF PROGRAMS :
Write a C program to Implement:

1. Singly Linked List ADT:

a) Creation b) Print c) Count d) Find e) FindPrev
f) Insertion g) Deletion h) Concatenation i) Sorting

2. Doubly Linked List ADT:

a) DCreation b) DPrint c) DCount d) DFind e) DInsertion g) DDeletion

3. Polynomial ADT (Using Arrays):

a) PCreation b) PPrint c) PolyAdd d) PolySub e)PolyMul

4. Stack ADT (Using Arrays & Linked list):

a) Push b) Pop c) Print

5. Linear Queue ADT (Arrays & Linked list):

a) Enqueue b) Dequeue c) Print

6. STACK Applications(using arrays):

i)Infix to Postfix Conversion ii) Postfix Evaluation

7. Searching Techniques(using Pointers):

i) Linear Search ii) Binary Search (iterative & recursive)

8. Internal Sorting Techniques - I:

i) Insertion sort ii) Shell sort iii) Merge sort iv) Quick sort v) Heap sort

9. Binary Tree Traversals:

a) Creation b) Preorder c) Inorder d) Post order

10. Binary Search Tree ADT:

a) Creation b) Insertion c) Deletion d) FindMin e) FindMax f) Print (Inorder)

11. Hashing methods:

i) Separate Chaining ii) Open Addressing

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) programs have to be performed and recorded by the

candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 311 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Human Values: Morals, Values and Ethics, Integrity, Work Ethic, Service Learning,
Civic Virtue, Respect for Others, Living Peacefully, caring, Sharing, honesty,
Courage, Valuing Time, Co-operation, Commitment, Empathy, Self Confidence,
Character, Spirituality.

UNIT – II
Engineering Ethics: Senses of ‘Engineering Ethics’, Variety of model issues, Types
of inquiry, Moral dilemmas, Moral Autonomy, Kohlberg’s theory, Gilligan’s theory,
Consensus and Controversy, Professions and Professionalism, Professional Ideals
and Virtues, Theories about right action, Self-interest, customs and Religion, Uses of
Ethical Theories.

UNIT – III
Engineering as Social Experimentation: Engineering as Experimentation, Engineers
as responsible Experimenters, Codes of Ethics, A Balanced Outlook on Law.
Safety, Responsibility and Rights: Safety and Risk-Assessment of Safety and Risk ,
risk Benefit analysis and reducing risk.
Collegiality and Loyalty , Respect for Authority , Collective Bargaining -
Confidentiality , Conflicts of Interest , Occupational Crime , Professional Rights ,
employee Rights , Intellectual Property Rights (IIPR) , Discrimination.

UNIT – IV
Global Issues: Multinational Corporations , Environmental Ethics , Computer Ethics ,
Weapons Development , Engineers as Managers , consulting Engineering ,
Engineers as Expert Witnesses and Advisors, Moral Leadership,Sample Code of
Ethics like ASME, ASCE, IEEE, Institution of engineers (India), Indian Institute of
Materials Management, Institution of electronics and telecommunication engineers
(IETE), India, etc.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, McGraw Hill, New
York 1996.
2. Govindarajan. M, Natarajan. S, Senthilkumar. V.S, Engineering Ethics, PHI,
2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Charles D Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S Pritchard and Michael J Rabins, Engineering Ethics
Concepts and Cases, Thomson Learning, United States, 2000.
3. John R Boatright, Ethics and the Conduct of Business, PHI,New Delhi, 2003.
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, Fundamentals of ethics for Scientists
and Engineers, Oxford University Press, 2001.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI/EE 312 LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
Introduction: Basic concept of simple control system, open loop – closed loop control
systems. Effect of feedback on overall gain – stability sensitivity and external noise.
Types of feed back control systems – Linear time invariant, time variant systems and
non-linear control systems.
Mathematical models and Transfer functions of Physical systems: Differential
equations – impulse response and transfer functions – translational and rotational
mechanical systems. Transfer functions and open-loop and closed-loop systems.
Block diagram representation of control systems – black diagram algebra – signal
flow graph – Mason’s gain formula-Components of Control Systems: DC servo motor
– AC servo motor – synchro transmitter & receiver.

UNIT – II
Time domain analysis: Standard test signals – step, ramp, parabolic and impulse
response function – characteristic polynomial and characteristic equations of feed
back systems – transient response of first order and second order systems to
standard test signals. Time domain specifications – steady state response – steady
state error and error constants. Effect of adding poles and zeros on over shoot, rise
time, band width – dominant poles of transfer functions.

Stability Analysis in the complex plane: Absolute, relative, conditional, bounded input
– bounded out put, zero input stability, conditions for stability, Routh – Hurwitz
criterion.

UNIT – III
Frequency domain analysis: Introduction – correlation between time and frequency
responses – polar plots – Bode plots – Nyquist stability criterion – Nyquist plots.
Assessment of relative stability using Nyquist criterion – closed loop frequency
response.

UNIT – IV
Root locus Technique: Introduction – construction of root loci – State space analysis:
Concepts of stat, state variables and state models – digitalization – solution of state
equations – state models for LTI systems. Concepts of controllability and
Observability.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. B.C. Kuo, Automatic control systems, 7th edition, PHI.
2. I.J.Nagrath & M Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, 3rd edition, New Age
International.
3. K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 3rd edition, PHI.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Schaum Series, Feedback and Control Systems, TMH
2. M.Gopal, Control Systems Principles and Design, TMH
3. John Van de Vegta, Feedback Control Systems, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall,1993.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 313 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS – II L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
POWER AMPLIFIERS:
Design and analysis of Direct-Coupled Class A, Transformer Coupled Class A, Class
B, Push-Pull, Direct Coupled Push-Pull, Complementary Symmetry Push-Pull, Class
C power amplifiers, Harmonic distortion in amplifiers, Phase inverter circuits for
power amplifiers, Temperature considerations.

UNIT – II
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS:
Classification of amplifiers, Feedback concept, Negative feedback amplifiers and
their characteristics, Different topologies.

OSCILLATORS:
Barkhausen criterion for sinusoidal oscillators, RC phase shift oscillator using FET
and BJT, Wein Bridge, Hartley, Colpitt’s oscillators using BJT, Crystal oscillators,
Frequency stability criterion for oscillators.

UNIT – III
TUNED AMPLIFIERS:
Single tuned amplifier, Tuned primary amplifier, Tuned secondary FET amplifier,
Double tuned transformer coupled amplifier, Stagger tuned amplifier and
Synchronously tuned amplifier.

UNIT – IV
REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES:
Design and analysis of Series and Shunt regulators using discrete components,
Protection techniques, Switching Mode Power Supplies, UPS.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jacob Millman and Christos C Halkias, Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital
Circuits and Systems, TMH, 2003
2. Donald L. Schilling and Charles Belove, Electronic Circuits-Discrete and
Integrated, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2002
3. John D Ryder, Electronic Fundamentals and Applications : Integrated and
Discrete Systems, 5th Edition, PHI, 2003
4. Theodore F Bogart Jr., Jeffrey S Beasley and Guillermo Rico, Electronic Devices
and Circuits, 6thEdition, Pearson Education, 2004.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE 314 OOPS AND OS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING: Concepts, benefits of
OOPS, Object oriented Languages, Applications of OOP, Introduction to C++, C++
Statements, Creating the source file, Compiling and linking.
TOKENS, EXPRESSIONS AND CONTROL STRUCTURES: Introduction, Tokens,
Keywords, Basic Data Types, User defined data types, Derived data types,
Declaration of variables, Operators in C++, Types, Scope resolution operator,
Member dereferencing operator, Memory management operator, Type cast operator.

UNIT – II
FUNCTIONS: Main function, Function prototyping, Call by reference, Return by
reference, Inline function, Function Overloading, Friend and Virtual functions.
CLASSES AND OBJECTS: Specifying a class, Defining member functions, Memory
allocation for objects, Friendly functions, Pointer to members.
CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS – Introduction

UNIT – III
OVERVIEW OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Computer systems
structures, Operating system structures
PROCESS MANAGEMENT: Process: Process Concepts, Process Scheduling,
Operation on Process, Co-operating Process, Threads, Inter process
communication.
CPU SCHEDULING: Scheduling criteria, Scheduling algorithm, Multiprocessor
scheduling, Real time scheduling, Algorithm evaluation.

UNIT – IV
STORAGE MANAGEMENT
MEMORY MANAGEMENT: Logical Vs Physical address space, Swapping,
Contiguous allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation with Paging
VIRTUAL MEMORY: Performance of Demand Paging, Page Replacement
Algorithms, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing, Demand Segmentation
CASE STUDIES: Features of Linux OS.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. E Balaguruswamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, 2nd Edition,TMH,
2003. (For Units I & II)
2. Silberschatz and Galvin, Operating System Concepts, 4th John Wiley & Sons,
2002.(For Units III & IV)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. William Stallings, Operating Systems, 4th Edition, Pearson Education/PHI, 2003
2. Timothy Budd, An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2002

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
 ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND L T P M
EC 315
INSTRUMENTATION 4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
MEASURENT AND ERROR: Definitions, Accuracy and precision, Types of errors,
Statistical analysis, Probability of errors, Limiting Errors.
DIRECT CURRENT INDICATING INSTRUMENTS: DC ammeters, DC voltmeters,
Series type ohmmeter, Shunt type ohmmeter, Multimeter, Calibration of DC
Instruments.
DC & AC BRIDGES: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Guarded Wheatstone, Maxwell, Hay,
Schering and Wein bridges, Wagner ground connection.
UNIT – II
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING BASIC PARAMETERS:
AC voltmeters using rectifiers, True RMS responding voltmeter, Electronic
multimeter, Digital voltmeters: Ramp, Stair case ramp, Integrating, Successive
approximation, Quantizing error; Frequency counter, Universal counter.
CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE: Introduction, Cathode ray oscilloscope, Storage
and sampling oscilloscopes, Digital storage oscilloscope, Spectrum analyzer.
UNIT – III
TRANSDUCERS:
Introduction, Classification of transducers, Analog transducers, Resistive
transducers, Potentiometers, Strain gauges, Types of strain gauges, Resistance
strain gauges, Semiconductor strain gauges, Resistance thermometers, Thermistors,
Application of Thermistors, Thermo couple construction, Measurement of
thermocouple output, Compensating circuits, Advantages and disadvantages of
thermocouples, Variable inductance type transducer, Variation of self inductance,
Variation of mutual inductance, Linear variable differential transformer, Rotary
variable differential transformer, Capacitive transducers, Piezo-electric transducers,
Digital transducers, Shaft Encoder.
UNIT – IV
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS: Digital Data Acquisition System, Various ways of
multiplexing,Computer controlled instrumentation.
BIO-MEDICAL MEASUREMENTS: Bioelectric signals (ECG,EMG,ERG,EOG) and
electrodes. Elementary Principles of Electrocardiograph, Electromyograph,
Electroencephalograph.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. W D Cooper & A D Helfrick, Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques, PHI, 1998
2. A K Sawhney, Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation,
Dhanpat Rai, 2000
3. R S Khandpur, Hand Book of Biomedical Engineering, TMH, 2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. C S Rangan, G R Sarma and V S V Mani, Instrumentation Devices and Systems,
TMH, 1997
2. H S Kalsi, Electronic Instrumentation, TMH, 1995
3.John G.Webster,Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design,3rd Edition,
Wiley India Ltd, 2003.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 316 PULSE CIRCUITS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I

LINEAR WAVE SHAPING:

Responses of RC-high pass circuit and low pass circuits to sinusoidal, step, pulse,
square, ramp and exponential inputs, Criteria for good differentiation and integration,
Uncompensated and compensated attenuators, Ringing circuit.

UNIT – II

NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING:

Clipping circuits with diodes, Multi-diode circuits, Transient and steady state
response of a diode clamping circuit, Clamping circuit theorem, Practical clamping
circuits, Transistor as switch, Design of Transistor switch, Transistor Switching Times

UNIT – III

MULTIVIBRATORS (using BJTs):

Bistable Multivibrator: Fixed bias and self bias transistor binary, Commutating
capacitors, Non-saturated binary, Direct coupled binary, Unsymmetrical and
symmetrical triggering of binary, Schmitt Trigger circuit, Collector Coupled
Monostable and Astable Multivibrators-operation&design

UNIT –IV

SWEEP CIRCUITS:
Voltage sweep circuits, Deviation from linearity expressed as errors, Exponential and
Constant current charging voltage sweep circuits, Principles of Miller and Bootstrap
Sweep circuits, Simple current sweep circuit, Need for a trapezoidal waveform for
linearity correction, its generation and application.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Millman and Taub, Pulse, Digital and Switching Circuits, TMH, 2003
2. David A Bell, Solid State Pulse Circuits, 4th Edition, PHI, 2003
3. Mothiki S. Prakash Rao, Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms, 2nd Edition, TMH.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 317 ANALOG COMMUNICATION L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Time domain description, Frequency domain
description, Single tone modulation, Generation of AM wave, Square law modulator,
Switching Modulator, Detection of AM waves, Square law detector, Envelope
detector, DSB-SC Modulation, Time-domain and frequency domain descriptions of
DSB-SC, Generation of DSB-SC: Balanced modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-
SC modulated waves, Costas loop, Quadrature-Carrier multiplexing.

UNIT – II
SSB AND VSB MODULATIONS: Band-pass transmission, Complex low-pass
representation of Narrow-band signals, Concepts of pre-envelope, Complex
envelope and Natural envelope, Equivalent low-pass transmission model, Single
side band modulation: Frequency domain description, Generation of SSB-SC wave,
Frequency-discrimination method, Phase discrimination method, Demodulation of
SSB-SC waves, Vestigial side-band modulation, Frequency domain description,
Generation of VSB modulated wave, Envelope detection of VSB wave plus carrier,
Comparison of AM techniques, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).

UNIT – III
ANGLE MODULATION: Introduction to Angle modulation, Relation between
frequency Modulation and phase modulation, Single tone frequency modulation,
Spectrum analysis of sinusoidal FM wave, Narrow Band FM and Wide Band FM,
Transmission bandwidth of FM waves, Carson’s Rule, Generation of FM waves,
Indirect FM (Armstrong Method), Direct FM, Demodulation of FM waves, Balanced
frequency discriminator – Zero-crossing detector, Linearized model of PLL, FM
demodulation employing first order PLL, Practical Considerations, FM limiters,
Applications.

UNIT – IV
DISCRETE MODULATION: Generation and Demodulation of PAM, PWM and PPM;
TDM, Comparison of Discrete Modulation Techniques.
NOISE IN ANALOG MODULATION: AM Receiver model, Signal to noise ratios for
coherent reception. DSB-SC receiver, SSC-SC receiver, Noise in AM receivers using
envelope detection. AM threshold effect, FM receiver model, Noise in FM reception,
Capture effect in FM, Threshold effect, FM threshold reduction, Pre-emphasis and
De-emphasis in FM.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Simon Haykin, Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication Systems, John
Wiley and Sons, 3rd Edition, 2001
2. Leon W Couch II, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Pearson
Education, 2004

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Taub and Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, TMH, 2nd Edition, 1986
2. Sam Shanmugam, Analog and Digital Communication Systems, John Wiley, 1992

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 351 ANALOG COMMUNICATION LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

1. Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier

2. Complementary Symmetry Push-pull amplifier
3. Class-A Power Amplifier
4. RC Phase Shift Oscillator
5. Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators
6. Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation
7. DSB SC Modulation and Demodulation
8. SSB SC Modulation and Demodulation
9. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
10. Pre Emphasis - De Emphasis Circuits
11. Verification of Sampling Theorem
12. PAM and Reconstruction
13. PWM and PPM: Generation and Reconstruction
14. Effect of Noise on the Communication Channel
15. Design of Mixer

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 352 OOPS AND PSPICE LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

Experiments Based On PSPICE

1. Frequency Response of CE Amplifier

2. Frequency Response of CS Amplifier
3. Design of Wein-Bridge Oscillator
4. Design and Verification of Class-A Power Amplifier
5. Verification of Half-wave and Full-wave rectifier
6. Verification of Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Experiments Based on OOPS

7. Over Loading Functions

8. Objects and Classes
9. Arrays
10. Overloading Operators
11. Inheritance
12. Pointers
13. Virtual Functions
14. Console I/O Operations
15. File I/O Operations

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments, choosing 5 (Five) from each part, have
to be performed and recorded by the candidate to attain eligibility for University
Practical Examination

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 321 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

PULSE MODULATION:
Quantization Process, Quantization Noise, Pulse Code Modulation: Encoding,
Regeneration, Decoding, Delta Modulation, Differential Pulse Code Modulation
(DPCM).

BASE BAND PULSE TRANSMISSION:

Matched filter, Properties, Intersymbol interference, Correlative level coding,
Nyquist’s criterion for distortionless baseband binary transmission, Ideal Nyquist
channel, Raised cosine spectrum, Duobinary signaling, Modified Duobinary
signaling.

UNIT – II

DIGITAL PASSBAND TRANSMISSION:

Introduction, Pass band transmission model, Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization
procedure, Geometric interpretation of signals, Coherent detection of signals in
noise, Probability of error, Correlation receiver, detection of signals with unknown
phase, Coherent BPSK, QPSK, BFSK, Non Coherent BFSK, DPSK.

UNIT – III

INFORMATION THEORY:
Uncertainty, Information, Entropy, Properties of Entropy, Source Coding Theorem,
Shannon Fano Coding, Huffman Coding, Discrete memoryless channels, Mutual
information, Properties, Channel capacity, Channel coding theorem, Differential
entropy and mutual information for continuous ensembles, Information capacity
theorem.

UNIT – IV

ERROR CONTROL CODING:

Linear Block Codes, Hamming Codes, Cyclic Codes, Convolution codes

TEXT BOOKS :
1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communication, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2001
3. Leon W Couch II, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Pearson, 2004

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Taub and Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, TMH, 1986
2. J Das,S K Mallik and PK Chatterjee, Principles of Digital Communication,NAI(P),
2000

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE 322 LINEAR ICs AND APPLICATIONS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS:
Operational amplifier and block diagram representation, op-amp with negative
feedback. Block diagram representation of feedback configurations, voltage series
feedback amplifier, voltage shunt feedback amplifier, differential amplifier with one
op-amp, input offset voltage, input bias current, input offset current, total output
offset voltage, frequency response of op-amp, stability, slew rate.
OP-AMP APPLICATIONS:
The summing amplifier, Differential and instrumentation amplifiers, Voltage to current
and current to voltage conversion, The Op-amp with complex impedances,
Differentiators and integrators, Non Linear Op Amp circuits, Precision rectifiers.
UNIT – II
OSCILLATORS: Oscillator principles, Oscillator types, Frequency stability, Phase
shift oscillator, Wein bridge oscillator, Quadrature oscillator, Square-wave generator,
Triangular wave generator, Saw tooth wave generator, Voltage controlled oscillator.
COMPARATORS: Introduction to comparator, Basic comparator, Zero-crossing
detector, Schmitt Trigger, Comparator characteristics, Limitations of Op-Amps as
comparators, Voltage limiters.
UNIT – III
CLIPPERS, CLAMPERS & CONVERTERS: Positive and negative clippers, Positive
and negative clampers, Absolute value output circuit, Peak detector, Sample and
hold circuit. D/A conversion fundamentals, Weighted resistor summing D/A
Converter, R-2R Ladder D/A converter, A/D conversion: Ramp converters,
Successive Approximation A/D converters, Dual slope converters, Parallel A/D
converters. Tracking A/D converters.
UNIT – IV
APPLICATIONS OF SPECIAL ICS: The 555 timer, 555 as Monostable and Astable
Multivibrator and applications. Phase Locked Loops, Operating principles, Monolithic
PLLs, 565 PLL applications, A 723 Voltage Regulator and its design.
ACTIVE FILTERS: Active LP and HP filters, Band pass filters: Wideband, Narrow
Band pass filters, Band stop filters, State variable filters, All pass filters.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Rama Kant A. Gayakwad, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, 4th Edition,
PHI/ Pearson Education, 2003.
2. D.Roy and Choudhury, Shail B.Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits, 2nd Edition,
New Age International, 2003.
3. Denton J Dailey, Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuit Theory
and Applications,
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. J.Michael Jacob, Applications and Design with Analog Integrated Circuits,
2nd Edition, PHI, 2003.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
 MICROPROCESSORS AND L T P M
EC/EE/EI 323
MICROCONTROLLERS 4 1 0 100

UNIT – I
Microprocessor: introduction to microcomputers and microprocessors, introduction
and architecture of 8086 family, addressing modes, instruction description and
assembler directives of 8086 microprocessors.

UNIT – II
8086 programming and system connections: Program development steps, writing
programs for use with an assembler, assembly language program development
tools, writing and using procedures and assembler macros.
An example of minimum mode system, addressing memory and ports in
microcomputer system. 8086 interrupts and interrupt responses.

UNIT – III
Digital Interfacing : Programmable parallel ports, handshake IO, interfacing
Microprocessor to keyboards.
Analog interfacing: DAC principle of operation, specifications and different types of
DACs and interfacing.
Programmable devices: Introduction to Programmable peripheral devices 8254,
8259, 8251, DMA data transfer, RS232 communication standard and maximum
mode of 8086 operation

UNIT – IV
Introduction:-Introduction to microcontrollers, comparing microprocessors and
microcontrollers, Architecture:- Architecture of 8051, pin configuration of
8051microcontroller, hardware input pins, output pins ports and external memory,
counters and timers, serial data input and output and interrupts. Programming &
interfacing 8051:- Addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller, Instruction set of 8051
microcontroller, simple programs using 8051 microcontroller. Interfacing a stepper
motor, ADC, temperature sensor and DAC.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Duglus V. Hall, Microprocessor and Interfacing, Revised 2nd Edition, TMH,2006.
2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture Programming and
Applications, 2nd Edition, Penram International Publishers (I), 1996.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. John Uffenbeck, The 80X86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. Barry Bray, the intel microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386,
80486, Pentium processors, architecture, programming, and interfacing, 6th
Edition, PHI edition.
3. Mohammed Ari Mazidi and Janci Gillispie, The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems, Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2003.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EE/EI 324 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I

DISCRETE SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS: Introduction to digital signal processing,

Advantages and applications, Discrete time signals, LTI system: Stability and
causality, Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and systems
Z-TRANSFORMS: Z-transforms, Region of convergence, Z-transform theorems and
properties, Parseval’s relation, Relation between Z-transform and Fourier transform
of a sequence, Inverse Z transform using Cauchy’s integration theorem, Partial
fraction method, Long division method, Solution of differential equations using one
sided Z-transform, Frequency response of a stable system.

UNIT – II
DFT AND FFT: Discrete Fourier Series, Properties of DFS, Discrete Fourier
Transform, Properties of DFT, Linear convolution using DFT, Computations for
evaluating DFT, Decimation in time FFT algorithms, Decimation in frequency FFT
algorithm, Computation of inverse DFT.

UNIT – III
IIR FILTER DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Introduction, Properties of IIR filters, Design of
Digital Butterworth and Chebyshev filters using bilinear transformation, Impulse
invariance transformation methods. Design of digital filters using frequency
transformation method.

UNIT – IV
FIR FILTER DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Introduction to characteristics of linear phase
FIR filters, Frequency response, Designing FIR filters using windowing methods:
Rectangular window, Hanning window, Hamming window, Generalised Hamming
window, Bartlett triangular window, Comparison of IIR and FIR filters.
REALISATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Direct, Canonic, Cascade, Parallel and
Ladder realizations

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Lonnie C Ludeman, Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley &
Sons, 2003.
2. S K Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, 2nd Edition,
TMH, 2003
3. Alan V Oppenheim and Ronald W Schafer, Digital Signal Processing, Pearson
Education/PHI, 2004.
4. P.Ramesh Babu, Digital Signal Processing, 2nd Edition, Scitech Publications,
2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Johnny R. Johnson, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, PHI, 2001.
2. Andreas Antoniou, Digital Signal Processing,TMH, 2006.
3.John G.Proakis, Dimitris G Manolakis, digital Signal Processing: Principles,
Algorithms and Applications, Pearson Education / PHI, 2003

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 325 ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
RADIATION:
Radiation Mechanism, Potential functions-heuristic approach, Maxwell’s equation
approach, Potential functions for sinusoidal oscillations, Alternating current element,
Power radiated by current element, Application to short antennas, Assumed current
distribution, Radiation from quarter wave Monopole / half wave dipole, Travelling
wave antennas and the effect of the point of feed on standing wave antennas.

UNIT – II
ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS:
Isotropic, Directional, Omni-directional patterns, Principle patterns, Field regions,
Radiation density, Radiation intensity, Directive gain, Power gain, Half power Beam
width, Antenna polarisation, Power loss factor, Radiation efficiency, Effective
aperture of antenna, Relation between maximum effective aperture and directivity,
Friss transmission equation.
ARRAY ANTENNAS
Two element array, Uniform linear array, Side lobe level and beam width of
broadside array, Beam width of end fire array, Principle of multiplication of patterns,
Effect of earth on vertical patterns, Binomial array, Basic principle of Dolph-
Tschebyscheff array.

UNIT – III
CHARATERISTICS OF TYPICAL ANTENNAS:
V and Rhombic antennas, Folded Dipole, Loop antenna, Yagi Uda array, Helical
antenna, Log periodicantenna, Pyramidal and conical Horn antenna, Corner reflector
antenna, Parabolicreflector antennas - Paraboloid and parabolic cylinder,
Cassegrain system of reflectors,Basic principles of slot antennas and micro strip
antennas.

UNIT – IV
RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION:
Ground wave Propagation, Earth constants, Space-wave Propagation, Effect of
curvature of an Ideal Earth, Variations of Field strength with height in space-wave
Propagation, Atmospheric effects in space-wave Propagation, Radio-Horizon, Duct
Propagation, Extended-range Propagation resulting from Tropospheric Scattering,
lonospheric Propagation, Gyro frequency, Refraction and reflection of Sky Waves by
the Ionosphere, Critical Frequency, Skip Distance, Maximum Usable Frequency.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Edward C Jordan and Keith G Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2003
2. Constantine A Balanis, Antenna Theory : Analysis and Design, Harper and Row
Publishers, 2002
3. G.S.N.Raju.Antennas and Wave Propagation. Pearson Publication. Singapore
4. F.E. Terman, Electronic and Radio Engineering, Mc Graw Hill, 1985.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. J.D.Kraus and Ronald J Marhefka, Antennas For all Applications, TMH, 2003

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 326 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS L T P M
4 1 0 100

UNIT – I

RADIO TRANSMITTERS:
Frequency allocation for radio communication systems, Block diagrams and
functions of radio transmitters for AM and FM systems.

RADIO RECEIVERS:
TRF and super heterodyne receivers, RF, Mixer and IF stages, Choice of IF, Image
frequency, Alignment and tracking of radio receivers, AGC, Tone and volume
controls, Receiver characteristics and their measurements, FM receivers,
Communication receivers, Fading and diversity reception.

UNIT – II

TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS:

Evolution of Telecommunications, Simple telephone communication, Basics of
switching system, Electronic space division switching: Stored Program Control,
Centralized SPC, Distributed SPC, Two stage networks, Three stage networks, n-
stage networks, Time division switching: Basic time division space switching, Basic
time division time switching, Combination switching, Three stage combination
switching, n stage combination switching.

UNIT – III

TELEVISION:
Vision characteristics and scanning systems, Composite video signal, Camera tubes:
Principle of operation, Image Orthicon, Vidicon, Plumbicon, Block diagram of broad
cast TV transmitter, Block diagram of broadcast TV receiver.

UNIT – IV

COLOR TELEVISION:
Color fundamentals, Color TV cameras, Picture tubes, TV transmission and
reception,
NTSC & PAL systems, Cable television, Digital TV, DTH.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. George Kennedy, Electronic Communication Systems, Mc Graw Hill, 4th Edition,
1999
2. T Viswanathan, Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, PHI, 2004
3. RR Gulati, Monochrome and Color Television, New Age Publishers, 1996

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. RR Gulati, Composite Satellite and Cable Television, New Age International,
2000.
2. William Schweber, Electronic Communication Systems: A Complete Course,
4th Edition, PHI, 2002.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 361 PULSE CIRCUITS AND ICs LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

1. Linear Wave-Shaping.
2. Non-linear Wave-Shaping.
3. Design and Verification of Astable Multivibrator.
4. Design and Verification of Monostable Multivibrator.
5. Design and Verification of Schmitt Trigger(using discrete components and using
IC741).
6. Measurement of Op-amp Parameters.
7. Applications of Op-amp (Adder, Subtractor, Integrator, Differentiator).
8. Instrumentation Amplifier using Op-Amp.
9. Waveform Generation using Op-amp (Square, Triangular).
10. Design of Active Filters (LPF&HPF-First Order).
11. Application of 555 Timer (Astable, Monostable, Schmitt Trigger).
12. PLL using 556.
13. Design of IC Regulator using 723.
14. Design of VCO using 566.
15. D-A Converter (R-2R Ladder).

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the Candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
 MICROPROCESSORS AND L T P M
EC/EI 362
MICROCONTROLLERS LAB 0 0 3 75

Experiments Based on ALP (8086)

1. Programs on Data Transfer Instructions.

2. Programs on Arithmetic and Logical Instructions.
3. Programs on Branch Instructions.
4. Programs on Subroutines.
5. Sorting of an Array.
6. Programs on Interrupts (Software and Hardware).
7. 8086 Programs using DOS and BIOS Interrupts.

Experiments Based on Interfacing & Microcontroller (8051)

8. DAC Interface-Waveform generations.

9. Stepper Motor Control.
10. Keyboard Interface / LCD Interface.
11. Data Transfer between two PCs using RS.232 C Serial Port
12. Programs on Data Transfer Instructions using 8051 Microcontroller.
13. Programs on Arithmetic and Logical Instructions using 8051 Microcontroller.
14. Applications with Microcontroller 8051.

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments, choosing 5 (Five) from each part, have
to be Performed and recorded by the candidate to attain eligibility for University
Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 363 COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

Course work is framed to improve the Communication Skills and

Language Skills of the students and marks are awarded based on Internal
Assessment

********

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI/EE 411 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
GENERAL MANAGEMENT:
Principles of scientific management, Brief treatment of managerial functions.
FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANISATION:
Salient features of sole proprietorship. Partnership, Joint Stock Company, private
limited and public limited companies.

UNIT – II
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT:
Concept of interest, compound interest, equivalent cash flow diagram
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES:
Basic methods, the annual equivalent method, present worth method, future worth
method.
DEPRECIATION:
Purpose, types of depreciation, common methods of depreciation. The straight line
method, declining balance method, the sum of the years digits method.

UNIT – III
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT:
Functions of Personnel Management – Human Resources Planning, Brief treatment
of Recruitment, Selection, Placement, Performance Appraisal, Career Development,
Training and Development, Compensation. Staff role of Personnel Department,
Organization for the Personnel Function. Goals and Plans of the Organization.
Motivation and Leadership, Theories of motivation and styles of Leadership.

UNIT – IV
MATERIAL MANAGEMENT:
Purchasing, Objective, Source Selection, Procurement Methods, Inventory
Management –EOQ, EPQ, ABC Analysis.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT: Functions of Marketing, Product life cycle, Channels
of distribution, Advertising & Sales promotion, Market Research.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. KK Ahuja, Industrial Management, Vol. I & II, Dhanpat Rai, 1978.
2. E.Paul Degarmo, John R Chanda, William G Sullivan, Engineering Economy, Mac
Millan Publishing Co, 1979
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, 11th Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. P. Gopalakrishnan, Hand Book of Materials Management, PHI, 1999
3. Heinz Weirich and Harold Koontz, Management, 10th Edition, TMH, 2004

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 412 COMPUTER NETWORKS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

INTRODUCTION:
Uses of Computer networks, Network Hardware, Network Software, Reference
Models (OSI and TCP/IP only).
PHYSICAL LAYER:
Introduction to Guided Transmission Media, Wireless Transmission

UNIT – II

DATA LINK LAYER:

Data Link Layer design issues, Error detection and correction, Elementary Data link
Protocols, Sliding window protocols

MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL SUBLAYER:

The channel Allocation problem, Multiple Access Protocols, Ethernet, Wireless
LANs, Broadband wireless, Bluetooth, Data Link Layer Switching.

UNT – III

NETWORK LAYER:
Network layer Design Issues, Routing Algorithms – (The Optimality Principle,
Shortest Path Routing, Flooding, Distance Vector Routing, Link State Routing,
Hierarchical Routing, Broadcast Routing, Multicast Routing, Routing for Mobile
Hosts.)
Congestion Control Algorithms, Quality of Service - (Requirements, Techniques for
Achieving Good Quality of Service), Internetworking, The Network layer in the
internet- (The IP Protocol, IP Address, Internet Control Protocols, OSPF, BGP).

UNIT – IV

TRANSPORT LAYER:
Elements of Transport Protocols, TCP, UDP,RTP.

APPLICATION LAYER:
DNS, Electronic Mail, The World Wide Web (Architectural Overview only)
Multimedia.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A.S Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 4th Edition, PHI, 2003

2. Behrouz A. Foruzan, Data communication and Networking, TMH, 2004.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 413 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION: Microwave Frequencies, Microwave Devices, Microwave
Systems, Microwave Units of Measure.
MICROWAVE COMPONENTS:
Microwave Cavities - Rectangular and Circular cavity Resonators, Microwave Hybrid
Circuits - Waveguide Tees E-plane or Series tee, H-plane or shunt Tee, Magic
Tees(Hybrid Tees), Tee junction parameters, fields and currents in Tee junctions,
Theorems on Tee junctions, Equivalent circuit of magic Tee, Applications of magic
Tee, Hybrid Rings, Waveguide Corners, Bends and Twists, Directional couplers,
Coupler parameters, Directional couplers in use, Applications of directional couplers,
Circulators and Isolators.

UNIT – II
MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE DEVICES:
Microwave Tunnel diode, Transferred Electron Devices: GUNN-EFFECT Diodes,
RWH Theory, Modes of operations, Avalanche Transit Time Devices: Read diode,
IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode, Pin diodes, Varactor diodes, Crystal detectors.

UNIT – III
MICROWAVE LINEAR BEAM TUBES (O TYPE):
Limitations of Conventional tubes at Microwave frequencies, Klystron: Velocity
modulation process, bunching process, output power and beam loading, Multicavity
Klystron amplifiers: Beam current density, output current and output power of two
cavity Klystron, Reflex Klystron: Velocity modulation, Power output and efficiency.
Helix Traveling Wave tube: Slow Wave structures, Amplification process,
conventional current.
MICROWAVE CROSS FIELD TUBES (M TYPE):
Magnetron Oscillators: Cylindrical Magnetron, CFA and BWO (Qualitative analysis
only).

UNIT – IV
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS:
Components of Microwave Bench, Detection of Microwaves, Microwave power
measurement, Impedance measurements, VSWR measurement, Frequency
measurement, Scattering coefficient measurements.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Samuel Y Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,
2003.
2. ML Sisodia and V.L.Gupta, Microwave Engineering, New Age International, 2005
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. RE Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, IEEE Press Series, 2003
2. M.L.Sisodia and GS Raghuvamshi, Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices,
Wiley Eastern, 1987

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 414 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION AND ORBITAL ASPECTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS:
A brief history of Satellite Communications, Types of Orbits, Kepler’s laws of
planetary motion, locating the satellite in the orbit, locating the Satellite with respect
to the Earth, Orbital elements, Look angle determination, Orbital perturbations,
launch and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in Communication System performance.

UNIT – II
SPACE CRAFT:
Introduction, Space craft Sub systems, attitude and Orbit Control system, Telemetry,
tracking and command, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Spacecraft
antennas.
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES:
FDM / FM Satellite Systems, FDMA: SPADE DAMA Satellite System, TDMA CEPT
primary Multiplex frame, CDMA: Encoder, decoder, Comparison between CDMA,
FDMA & TDMA.

UNIT – III
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN:
Basic transmission theory, System noise temperature and G / T ratio. Design of
uplink and down link models, Design of Satellite links for specified C / N ratio.
EARTH STATION TECHNOLOGY:
Earth Station Design, Design of large antennas, tracking, small earth station
Antennas, equipment for earth stations. VSAT, Satellite Broadcasting, Satellite TV
system.

UNIT – IV
SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES:
PN Sequences, Notion of Spread Spectrum, DSSS: DSSS with CBPSK, Processing
gain, Probability of error, Acquisition and tracking, FHSS: Slow frequency hopping,
Fast frequency hopping. Acquisition and tracking, Practical Jammer types, THSS

TEXT BOOKS:
1. T Pratt and W Bostiain, Satellite Communications, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, 2003
2. W Tomasi, Advanced Electronic Communication Systems, 4th Edition, Pearson
Education, 2002
3. Taub and Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, TMH, 2003
4. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. D C Agarwal, Satellite Communications, Khanna Publishers, 2003
2. Robert M Gagliardi, Satellite Communications,

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 415/A VLSI DESIGN L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT- I
An introduction to MOS technology: Introduction to IC technology, Basic MOS
transistors, NMOS fabrication, CMOS fabrication and BICMOS technology. Basic
Electrical Properties of MOS and BICMOS Circuits: Ids versus Vds relationships,
threshold voltage Vt, Transconductance gm, Figure of merit uo , Pass transistor,
NMOS inverter, Pull-up to pull- down ratio, CMOS inverter, BICMOS inverters, Latch-
up in CMOS circuits.

UNIT- II
MOS and BICMOS circuit Design processes: MOS layers, Stick diagrams, Design
rules and layout, Sheet resistance Rs, Standard unit of capacitance, The Delay unit,
Inverter delays, Propagation delays, Wiring capacitances, Scaling models, Scaling
factors for device parameters.

UNIT- III
Subsystem design and layout: Architectural issues, Switch logic, Gate Logic,
examples of Structured Design (combinational logic). Design of an ALU subsystem,
A further consideration of adders, Multipliers.

UNIT- IV
VLSI design flow, Introduction to ASICs, Full Custom ASICs, standard cell based
ASICs, Gate array based ASICs, Programmable logic devices, PLAs, PALs, CPLDs
and FPGAs.
VHDL Hardware Description Language: Design Flow, Program Structure, Types and
Constants, functions and Procedures, Libraries and Packages, Structural Design
Elements, Dataflow design Elements, Behavioral design Elements, The Time
Dimension and Simulation, Synthesis.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Douglas A.Pucknell and Kamran Eshranghian, Basic VLSI Design, Third edition,
PHI, 2002.
2. Michael John Sebastian Smith, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Addison
Wesley, 2003.
3. J.Bhasker, A VHDL Primer, Pearson Education, Third edition, 1999.
4. John F Wakerly, Digital Design Principles & Practices, 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Neil H E Weste and Kamran Eshranghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, A
system perspective, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. Stephen Brown and Z Vonko Vranesic, Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL
Design, TMH, 2002.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC/EI 415/B DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Introduction- An Overview of Database Management, database system, database,
Data independence, Relational systems and others. Database System
Architecture:The three levels of the architecture, Mappings, The database
administrator, The database management system, Client/server architecture.
An Introduction to Relational Databases - The relational model, Relations and
relvars, Optimization, Base relvars and views, The Relational Model: Relations,
Tuples, Relation types, Relation values, Relation variables, SQL facilities.

UNIT-II
An Introduction to SQL: Overview, The catalog, Views, Embedded SQL, Dynamic
SQL,
Relational Algebra: Closure revisited, Syntax, Semantics, Examples, Additional
operators, Grouping and ungrouping, Relational Calculus: Tuple calculus, Examples,
Calculus vs. algebra, Computational capabilities, Domain calculus, Query-By-
Example,
Integrity: Predicates and propositions, Relvar predicates and database predicates,
Checking the constraints, Internal v external constraints, Correctness v consistency,
Integrity and views, A constraint classification scheme, Keys, Triggers. Views –
concept, View retrievals, View updates, Snapshots .

UNIT – III
Database Design: Functional Dependencies, Basic definitions, Trivial and nontrivial
dependencies, Closure of a set of dependencies, Closure of a set of attributes,
Irreducible sets of dependencies, Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, Nonloss
decomposition and functional dependencies, First, second, and third normal forms,
Dependency preservation, Boyce/Codd normal form, Further Normalization: Higher
Normal Forms, Multi-valued dependencies and fourth normal form, Join
dependencies and fifth normal form, Other normal forms, Semantic Modeling: The
overall approach, The E/R model, E/R diagrams, Database design with the E/R
model.

UNIT – IV
Database Protection: Recovery – Transactions, Transaction recovery, System
recovery, Media recovery, Two-phase commit, Savepoints, Concurrency - Three
concurrency problems, Locking, The three concurrency problems revisited,
Deadlock, Serializability, Intent locking, Security - Discretionary access control,
Mandatory access control, Data encryption.

TEXT BOOK:
1. An Introduction to Database Systems By C.J. DATE , 8th Edition , Pearson
Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Elmasri Navrate, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Pearson Education
2. Raghurama Krishnan, Data base Management Systems, Johannes Gehrke,
3rd Edition,TATA McGrawHill,
3. Silberschatz, Korth, Data base System Concepts, V edition, McGraw hill.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 415/C BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION: Generalized Medical

Instrument Systems, Classification of Biomedical Instruments, Generalized static
characteristics, Dynamic characteristics.

THE ORIGIN OF BIOPOTENTIALS: Electrical activity of excitable cells, Functional

Organization of the peripheral Nervous System, ENG, EMG, ECG, ERG, EEG, MEG.

UNIT – II

BIO POTENTIAL ELECTRODES: The Electrode-Electrolyte Interface, Polarization,

polarizable and nonpolarizable Electrodes, Internal Electrodes, Electrode Arrays,
Microelectrodes, Electrodes for Electric Stimulation of Tissue.

BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS: Basic Requirements, The Electrocardiograph,

Problems frequently encountered, Amplifiers for other Biopotential Signals,
Biotelemetry

MEASUREMENTS OF FLOW AND VOLUME OF BLOOD: Electromagnetic Flow

meters, Ultrasonic Flow meters.

UNIT – III

MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS: Radiography, Computed Radiography, Computed

Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultra Sonography, PET.

UNIT – IV

THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES: Cardiac Pacemakers, Defibrillators,

Ventilators, Infant Incubators.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY: Macro shock and Micro shock Hazards

TEXT BOOK:

1. John G Webster, Medical Instrumentation –Application and Design,3rd Edition,

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 415/D FUZZY SYSTEMS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Classical and fuzzy sets: Classical sets- operations, properties of classical sets,
mapping of classical sets to the functions. Fuzzy sets-membership, uncertainty,
fuzzy set operations, properties of fuzzy sets. Classical and fuzzy relations:
Cartesian product, crisp relations-cardinality, operations and properties of crisp
relations, Fuzzy relations-cardinality operations and properties of fuzzy relations.
Non interacting fuzzy sets, Tolerance and equivalence relations.

UNIT – II
Membership functions: Futures of membership functions, fuzzification,
membership value assignments-intuition, ranking ordering, angular fuzzy sets, neural
nets, genetic algorithms, inductive reasoning, Fuzzy-to-crisp conversions: Lambda-
cuts for fuzzy sets, lambda-cuts for fuzzy relations, defuzzification methods. Fuzzy
arithmetic, numbers and vectors and extension principle: fuzzy members,
approximate methods of extension-vertex method, DSW algorithm, restricted DSW
algorithm, fuzzy vectors.

UNIT – III
Classical logic and fuzzy logic: Classical predicate logic-tautologies, contradictions,
equivalence, exclusive or and exclusive nor, logical proofs, deductive inferences.
Fuzzy logic, approximate reasoning, Fuzzy tautologies, contradictions, equivalence
and logical proofs, other forms of the implication operation, other forms of the
composite operaton.Fuzzy rule-based systems: Natural language, linguistic Hedges,
rule-based systems-canonical rule forms, decomposition of compound rules,
likelihood and truth qualification, aggregation of Fuzzy rules, Graphical techniques
inference.

UNIT – IV
Fuzzy decision-making: Fuzzy synthetic evaluation, fuzzy ordering, preference and
consensus, Multi objective decision making, Fuzzy Bayesian Decision method,
Decision making under Fuzzy states and fuzzy actions. Fuzzy classification:
Classification by Equivalence Relations-crisp relations, Fuzzy relations, Cluster
validity, C-Means clustering-Hard C-Means (HCM). Fuzzy C-Means (FCM),
classification Metric, Hardening the Fuzzy C-partition, similarity relations from
clustering.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Timothy J. Ross, Fuzzy logic with engineering applications, Mc Graw Hill, 1997
2. Klir and Ywan, Fizzy sets and Fuzzy logic, Prentice Hall of India
3. S.Rajasekharan & Y.A.Vijayalakshmi Pai, Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic and
Genetic Algorithms, Prentice Hall of India

REFERENCE BOOK
1. Fuzzy - Neural Control: Principles, Algorithms and applications by Nie and
Linkens, PHI.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 416/A DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION:
Origin of Digital Image Processing, Fields that uses Digital Image Processing,
Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image
Processing System.
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTLS:
Elements of Visual perception, Image sampling and Quantization, Basic relationships
between Pixels, Linear and Non-linear operations.

UNIT – II
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN SPATIAL DOMAIN:
Some basic Grey level transformations, histogram processing, enhancement using
Arithmetic/Logic operations, Smoothing Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters.
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN:
Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Smoothing Frequency
Domain Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters.

UNIT – III
IMAGE RESTORATION:
Noise models, Restoration in the presence of Noise, only Spatial Filtering, Periodic
Noise reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering, Linear, Position-Invariant
Degradations, Inverse Filtering, Wiener Filtering.
IMAGE COMPRESSION:
Fundamentals – Image Compression models – Error Free Compression, Lossy
Compression.

UNIT – IV
IMAGE SEGMENTATION:
Detection of discontinuities, Thresholding, Edge based Segmentation and Region
based Segmentation
IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
Representation schemes, Boundary Descriptors, Regional Descriptors.

TEXT BOOK:
1. R C Gonzalez and Richard E Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson
Education, Second Edition, 2002

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A K Jain, Digital Image Processing, PHI, 1989
2. B Chanda and D Dutta Majumder, Digital Image Processing and Analysis, PHI,
2001.
3. MilanSonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, Image Processing Analysis and
Machine Vision, Thomson learning, Second Edition, 2001.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 416/B NEURAL NETWORKS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Introduction: History of Neural Networks, Structure and functions of biological and
artificial neuron, Neural network architectures, Learning methods, evaluation of
neural networks

UNIT – II
Supervised learning – I: Single layer networks, McCulloch – Plus Neuron, Model
Perceptron I carning, Delta learning Widrow – Hoff learning rules, linear seperability,
Adaline and modifications

UNIT – III
Supervised learning – II: Multi layer networks: Architectures, Madalines,
Backpropagation algorithm, importance of learning parameter and momentum term,
radial basis functions, polynomial networks
Unsupervised learning: Winner – Take – all learning, out star learning, learning
vector quantizers, counter propagation networks, Kohonen self-organizing networks,
Grossberg layer, adaptive resonance theory, Hamming Net

UNIT – IV
Assoctative memories: Hebbian learning rule, continuous and discrete, Hopfield
networks, recurrent and associative memory, Boltzman machines, Bi-directional
associative memory
Applications of neural networks : Optimization, Travelling Salesman, Problem solving
simultaneous linear equations, Applications in pattern recognition and Image
Processing

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kishan Mehrotra, Chelkuri K. Mohan, Sanjav Ranka, elements of Artificial Neural
Networks, Tenram International
2. J.M. Zurada Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jaico Publications
3. B. Yegnanarayana, Artificial Neural Networks, PHI, New Delhi
4. Waserman: Neural Computing – Theory and Practice

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 416/C SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

PRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS:

Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production, Categorization of Speech Sounds.
Acoustics of Speech Production: Physics of Sound, Uniform tube model, A Discrete-
Time model based on Tube Concatenation.
Time-Domain Models for Speech Processing: Short-Time energy, average zero
crossing rate, Pitch period estimation using autocorrelation.

UNIT – II

SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS:

Short Time Analysis, Signal estimation from STFT, Frequency Domain Pitch
Estimation, A Correlation based Pitch Estimator, Pitch estimation based on a Comb
Filter.
DIGITAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SPEECH WAVEFORM:
Instantaneous quantization, Delta Modulation, DPCM.

UNIT – III

HOMOMORPHIC SIGNAL PROCESSING:

Homomorphic Systems for Convolution, Complex Cepstrum of Speech-like
Sequences, Spectral root Homomorphic Filtering, Short-Time Homomorphic
Analysis, Short-time Speech Analysis and Analysis/Synthesis Structures.

UNIT – IV

SPEECH CODING:
Linear Prediction, Error minimization, Autocorrelation method, Levinson Recursion,
Lattice filter formulation of the inverse filter. Vector Quantization, Distortion Measure,
Sub-band coding
SPEAKER RECOGNITION:
Spectral features for Speaker Recognition, Mel- Cepstrum, Speaker Recognition
Algorithms, Minimum – distance classifier.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Thomas F Quatieri, Discrete-Time Speech Signal Processing Principles and
Practice, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. L R Rabiner and R W Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals
Pearson Education, 2002.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 416/D ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

PROBLEMS, PROBLEM SPACES AND SEARCH: Defining the Problem as a State

space Search, Production Systems, Problem Characteristics, Production system
characteristics, Issues in the Design of Search Programs.
HEURISTIC SEARCH TECHNIQUES: Generate-and-test, Hill Climbing, Best-First
Search, Problem Reduction, Constraint Satisfaction, Means-Ends Analysis.

UNIT – II

KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION USING PREDICATE LOGIC: Representing

Simple Facts in logic, Representing Instance and Isa Relationships, Computable
Functions and Predicates, Resolution, Question answering.
REPRESENTING KNOWLEDGE USING RULES - Procedural versus Declarative
Knowledge, Logic Programming, Forward versus Backward Reasoning, Matching,
Control Knowledge, Semantic Nets

UNIT – III

Conceptual dependency, Scripts.

Hopfield Networks, Perceptrons, Back propagation networks, generalization,
Applications of Neural networks, Expert systems.

UNIT – IV

PROLOG Language: Facts, Objects and predicates, Variables, Rules, Input and
Output, Arithmetic Operations, Cut, Fail, Recursion, string operations, Dynamic
databases, Lists.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, 2nd Edition, (Tata McGraw Hill
Edition)
2. Carl Townsend, Introduction to TURBO PROLOG, BPB Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Patrick Henry Winston, Artificial Intelligence, Pearson Education,

2. Russel and Norvig, Artificial Intelligence, Pearson Education, PHI

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 451 TERM PAPER L T P M
0 0 3 25

Course work is prescribed to develop the project and documentation skills

of the students. Marks are awarded based on Internal Assessment.

EC 452 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND VHDL LAB L T P M

0 0 3 75

Experiments Based on Hardware

1. Generation and Detection of PCM.

2. Generation and Detection of ASK.
3. Generation and Detection of FSK.
4. Generation and Detection of PSK&QPSK.
5. Generation and Detection of TDM
6. Generation and Detection of DPSK
7. Delta Modulation and Demodulation.

VHDL Modeling and Synthesis of the Following Experiments

8. Logic Gates.
9. Multiplexers/De-Multiplexers.
10. Design of ALU.
11. 4 bit Magnitude Comparator.
12. JK, D & T Flip-Flops
13. Synchronous Counters
14. Asynchronous Counters

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments, choosing 5 (Five) from each part, have
to be performed and recorded by the candidate to attain eligibility for University
Practical Examination

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 453 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB L T P M
0 0 3 75

Experiments Based On MATLAB and Tool Boxes

1. Simulation of AM.
2. Simulation of FM.
3. Simulation of LPF and HPF.
4. Fourier Transforms.
5. Simulation of M-ary PSK.
6. Simulation of DPCM.
7. Evaluation of DFT and IDFT of 16 Sample Sequence using DIT Algorithm.
8. Evaluation of DFT and IDFT of 16 Sample Sequence using DIF Algorithm.
9. Design of IIR Butterworth Filter using Impulse Invariant Method.
10. Design of FIR Filter using Windowing Technique.
11. Convolution of Two Signals.
12. Correlation of Two Signals.
13. DFT Analysis of a Noise Corrupted Signal.

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments have to be performed and recorded by

the candidate to attain eligibility for University Practical Examination

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 421 MOBILE AND CELLULAR COMMUNICATION L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE COMMUNICATION:
Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication, Examples of Wireless Communication
Systems. Paging system, Cordless telephones systems, Cellular telephone Systems,
Cellular concept: Frequency reuse, Channel Assignment strategies, Hand off
strategies. Interference and System capacity, Improving coverage and capacity in
cellular systems.

UNIT – II
MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION:
Large Scale Fading: Free space propagation model: Three basic propagation
mechanisms. Reflection, Diffraction scattering, Link budget design using path loss
models.
Small Scale Fading: Multipath Propagation, Types of small scale fading,
Parameters of Mobile Multipath channels, Fading effects due to multipath time delay,
Spread and Doppler spread, Statistical models for multipath fading channels.
Equalization: Fundamentals of Equalizers, Linear equalizers, Nonlinear equalizers,
Decision feedback equalizers, MLSE
Diversity Techniques: Space diversity: MRC, EGC Selection diversity, Polarization
diversity, Frequency diversity, Time diversity, Rake Receiver.

UNIT – III
WIRELESS NETWORKING (2G)
GSM Architecture: Mobile station, Base station system, Network and switching Sub
system, Radio interface, Location Tracking & call set up, GSM short message
services-Architecture, IS – 95 Architecture

UNIT – IV
WIRELESS NETWORKING (3G)
Mobile Services (2.5G):
GPRS: GPRS functional groups, GPRS Architecture
WAP: WAP Model, WAP Gateway, WAP Protocol
Mobile Services (3G):
Paradigm Shifts in 3G Systems CDMA 2000: Introduction, CDMA 2000 Layering
structure, upper layer, link layer, W-CDMA

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Communications, 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill, 1995.
3. P. Nicopolitidis, Wireless Networks, Wiley, 2003

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, PHI, 2003
2. Yi-BingLin, Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures, Wiley, 2001.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 422 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION:
Historical development, Elements of an Optical Fiber transmission link, Advantages
of Optical Fibers, Applications of Optical Fiber, Ray Theory Transmission, Total
internal reflection, Acceptance angle, Critical angle, Numerical Aperture, Fiber types
: Step Index, Graded Index : Modes of Propagation : single mode and multimode
fibers, Fiber materials.

UNIT – II
TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTICAL FIBERS:
Attenuation, absorption, scattering and bending losses in fibers, Dispersion:
Intermodel
and intramodel.
FIBER OPTIC COMPONENTS:
Splicing, Connectors, Connection losses, Fiber Optic couplers, Fiber Optic Switches.

UNIT – III
OPTICAL SOURCES:
General characteristics, Principles of Light Emission. Light Emitting Diodes types-
Planar, Dome, Surface emitting, Edge emitting Super luminescent LED’s, Lens
coupling to fiber, LED Characteristics – Optical output power & efficiency, output
spectrum, modulation bandwidth, reliability. LASER: Working of DH injection laser,
DFB laser and Threshold condition for lasing. DETECTORS: Principles of photo
detection. PIN Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode and their characteristics.

UNIT – IV
OPTICAL FIBER SYSTEMS:
Optical Transmitter Circuits - source limitations, LED drive circuits.
Optical Receiver operation-Digital system transmission, error sources, receiver
configuration, Preamplifier types, Digital receiver performance-probability of error,
Quantum limit, System considerations – Link power budget, rise time budget, Direct
intensity modulation, Advanced Multiplexing Strategies – OTDM, WDM.
OPTICAL FIBER MEASUREMENTS:
Numerical Aperture, attenuation, refractive index, dispersion losses, cutback and
OTDR.

TEXT BOOS:
1. John M Senior, Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition,
PHI, 2002.
2. Henry Zanger and Cynthia Zanger, Fiber Optics: Communication and other
Applications, Maxwell Macmillan Edition,
3. JC Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2001
4. W.Tomasi, Advanced Electronic Communication Systems, Pearson Education,
2002

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 423 RADAR AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Block Diagram of Pulse Radar, simple form of Radar equation, Detection of signals
in noise, Receiver noise and signal to noise ratio, integration of Radar pulses, RCS:
RCS of simple targets, RCS of multiple targets, PRF and Range Ambiguities,
Doppler Effect, Limitations of CW Radar, FMCW Radar, Altimeter.

UNIT – II
MTI Radar, Delay line cancellers: Frequency response of single delay line
cancellers, Clutter Attenuation, MTI improvement factor, N-pulse delay line canceller,
Non recursive and Recursive filters, Staggered PRF, Doppler filter banks.
TRACKING:
Types of Tracking Radar Systems, Sequential lobing, Conical scan and mono pulse
tracking (amplitude comparison and phase comparison).

UNIT – III
Superheterodyne Receiver, types of Duplexers and receiver protectors, types of
Displays, Radomes.
Electronic Warfare: Objectives an definitions, Noise jamming, Types of Electronic
counter measures and Electronic counter to counter measures, Stealth applications.

UNIT – IV
Elementary ideas of Navigation Aids: VOR, DME, DVOR, TACAN, ILS and MLS,
GPS, Automatic Direction finder, Hyperbolic Navigation (LORAN, DECA, OMEGA).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Merrill I Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2003
2. Dr AK Sen and Dr AB Bhattacharya, Radar Systems and Radio Aids to
Navigation, Khanna Publishers, 1988
3. Roger J Suullivan, Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Topics
4. NS Nagaraja, Elements of Electronic Navigation, TMH.
5. Peyton Z Peebles Jr, Radar Principles, John Wiley Inc., 2004

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 424/A EMBEDDED SYSTEMS L T P M
4 0 0 100

Unit – I
Introduction to embedded systems, design challenges, processor technology, IC
technology, deign technology, tradeoffs, single purpose processor, RT level
combinational logic, sequential logic (RT level) custom single purpose processor
design, optimizing custom single purpose processors.
General purpose processors: basic architecture, pipelining, programmers view,
development environment, ASIPS, microcontrollers and digital signal processors

Unit – II
State machine and concurrent process models: models vs. languages, FSMD, using
state machines, PSMM, concurrent process model, concurrent processes,
communication and synchronization among processes, data flow model and real
time systems.
Need for communication interfaces, RS232/UART, RS422/RS485, USB, Infrared,
IEEE 802.11, and Blue Tooth.

Unit - III
Embedded system and RTOS concepts: Architecture of kernel, tasks and task
scheduler, interrupt service routines, semaphores, mutex. Mail boxes, message
queues, event registers, pipes and signals.

Unit – IV
Embedded system and RTOS concepts: Timers, memory management, priority
inversion problem, embedded OS and real time OS, RT Linux, and Handheld OS.
Design technology: Introduction, automation, synthesis, parallel evolution of
compilation and synthesis, logic synthesis, RT synthesis, behavioral synthesis,
system synthesis, HW / SW co- design, verification, and co-simulation.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Frank Vahid, Tony D Givargis, Embedded system design – A unified HW/ SW

Introduction, John Wily & sons 2002.
2. KVKK Prasad, Embedded and real time systems, Dreemtech Press, 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Raj Kamal, Embedded system architecture, programming and design, TMH

edition.
2. Mohammad Ali Mazidi, Janice G., The 8051 microcontroller and embedded
systems, Pearson edition.
3. Jonathan W Valvano, Embedded Microcomputer Systems, Brooks/cole,
Thompson Learning.
4. David E. Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson edition.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 424/B ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Multirate Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals:
The basic Sample Rate Alteration Devices, Multrate structures for Sampling rate
conversion, Multistage Design of Decimator and Interpolator. The polyphase
decomposition. Arbitrary rate sampling rate converter. Nyquist Filters.

UNIT – II
Multirate Filter Banks and Wavelets:
Digital Filter Banks. Two-Channel Quadrature-Mirror Filter Bank, Perfect
reconstruction Two-Channel FIR Filter Banks. L-Channel QMF Banks. Multilevel
Filter Banks.

UNIT – III
Adaptive Filters:
Typical applications of Adaptive Filters: Echo cancellation in communication,
Equalization of data communication channels, Linear predictive coding, Noise
cancellation.Principles of Adaptive Filters

UNIT – IV
Methods of Steepest Descent, Least Mean Square Adaptive Filters: Derivation,
Adaptation in stationary SOE, LMS algorithm and Applications of LMS algorithm,
Recursive Least Square Adaptive Filters.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Sanjit K Mitra: Digital Signal Processing, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Edition-
2006
2. D.G.Manolakis, Vinay K.Ingle, S.M.Kogon: Statistical and Adaptive signal
processing, McGraw Hill, 2000

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. P.P.Vaidyanathan: Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Pearson Education India

2006.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 424/C HDL PROGRAMMING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I
Introduction to verilog HDL and Level of Abstration. Hierarchical Modeling
Concepts- Design Methodologies Modules and instances. Simulation
Demonstration. Basic concepts, Data types, System Tasks and Compiler Directives.

UNIT – II
Modules and Ports- List of ports, Port Declaration, Port Connections Rules, Inputs,
outputs, inouts, Gate-Level Modeling-Gate types, Gate Delays and Dataflow
Modeling-Continuous Assignments, Delays, Expression, Operators, and Operands,
Synthesis Demonstration.

UNIT – III
Behavioral Modeling- Structured Procedures, Procedure Assignment, Timing
Controls and Conditional Statements, Tasks and Functions.

UNIT – IV
Logic Synthesis with verilog HDL-Synthesis Design flow, RTL and Test Bench
Modeling Techniques and Timing and Path Delay Modeling, Timing Checks, Switch
Level Modeling

TEXT BOOK:
1. Samir Palnitkar, Verilog HDL Pearson Education India, 2001

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 424/D JAVA PROGRAMMING L T P M
4 0 0 100

UNIT – I

Introduction to Java, Classes, Inheritance, Packages & Interfaces, Exception

handling Multi threaded programming

UNIT – II

Applet class, Event handling, AWT

UNIT – III

Swing, Java database connectivity, Servlets

UNIT – IV

RMI, Networking, Java Beans

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Herbert Schildt, The Complete Reference Java2, Tata McGraw Hill, 5th Edition
(for Units- I and II )

2. Deitel & Deitel, JAVA – How to program, Pearson Education (for Units-III & IV)

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008
EC 461 PROJECT AND VIVA VOCE L T P M
0 0 3 150

The internal assessment is based on the weekly progress, performance in a

minimum of two seminars and the project report submitted at the end of the
semester.

EC 462 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS L T P M

LAB
0 0 3 75

Experiments Based on Microwave Engineering

1. Characteristics of Reflex Klystron

2 2 2
2. Verification of the Expression 1/λ o =1/λ g +1/λ c
3. Measurement of VSWR using Microwave Bench
4. Measurement of Unknown Impedance Using Microwave Bench
5. Determination of Characteristics of a Given Directional Coupler
6. Measurement of Gain of an Antenna
7. Measurement of Dielectric Constant of a Given Material

Experiments Based on Optical Communication

8. Characteristic of Light Sources/Detectors

9. Fiber Optics Cable: Numerical Aperture Measurement
10. Measurement of Coupling and Bending Losses Of a Fiber
11. Analog Link Set up using a Fiber
12. Digital Link Set up using a Fiber
13. Set up of Time Division Multiplexing using Fiber Optics
14. Study of Cellular Communication.

NOTE: A minimum of 10(Ten) experiments, choosing 5 (Five) from each part, have
to be performed and recorded by the candidate to attain eligibility for University
Practical Examination.

B.Tech.(ECE)/ANU/2007-2008