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Statistics Unit Notes

This document provides an overview of statistical concepts and terms. It includes definitions of population, sample, census, survey, variables, frequency, and more. Graphing tips are outlined for bar graphs, circle graphs, broken-line graphs, and histograms. Measures of central tendency covered are the mean, median, mode, and range. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate and interpret these statistical measures using a sample data set of math test scores.

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195 views

Statistics Unit Notes

This document provides an overview of statistical concepts and terms. It includes definitions of population, sample, census, survey, variables, frequency, and more. Graphing tips are outlined for bar graphs, circle graphs, broken-line graphs, and histograms. Measures of central tendency covered are the mean, median, mode, and range. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate and interpret these statistical measures using a sample data set of math test scores.

Uploaded by

api-210303377
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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StatisticsUnitNotes

TableofContents:
Topic
StatisticalTerms
GraphingTips
TypesofGraphs
MeasuresofCentralTendency

Page
2
4
4
5

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StatisticalTerms:
Population:
Asetofpersonsorobjectsconsideredinastatisticalsurvey
(allstudentsinaschoolforexample)
Sample:
Asubsetofapopulation(partoftheschool'spopulation,
i.e.allgrade7students)
Census:
Astatisticalsurveyinwhicheveryelementofapopulation
isanalyzed.
Survey:
Onlyasamplefromthepopulationisconsideredtogain
insightintothatpopulation.
Asampleissaidtoberepresentativeofthepopulationifit
possessesthesamecharacteristicsofthepopulationfrom
whichitwasselected,andgivesgoodinsighttothe
population.Ifnotrepresentative,thenitissaidtobe
biased.

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Study:
Astatisticalsurveyinwhichexpertsareconsultedonareas
thataretargetingbythesurvey.
TablesofValues:
Usedtosummarizedatacollectedduringastatistical
survey.
Size:
Totalnumberofelementsinthepopulationorsample.n
(samplesize)=fraction
N(PopulationSize)
Data:
Thefactsorinformationcollectedforanalysis
Variable:
Thecharacteristicofeachindividualmemberofthe
populationthatisbeingstudied.Avariablecanhave
differentvalues.
i.e.thevariable"numberofsiblings"hasavaluethatcan
be0,1,2,3,4,5,etc.
TwoTypesofVariables:
1.Quantitative:
expressaquantityandtakesnumericalvalues.
i.e.thevariablenumberofsiblingshasa
numericalvalueof0,1,2,etc.
2.Qualitative:

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expressaqualityanddoesnottakenumerical
values.i.e.eyecolourhasvaluesofblue,green,
etc.
Frequency:
Avalueindicatesthenumberoftimesthatthevalue
appearsinthedata.
RelativeFrequency:
Isequaltotheratiooffrequencytothetotalnumberof
values.Oftenexpressedasapercent.
GraphingTips:
Alwaysusearuler.
Labelbothaxisandmakeatitle.
Useconstantspacingandscaleoneachaxis.
Beneat.
TypesofGraphs:
BarGraphs:
Abargraphallowsfortheillustrationofaqualitative
variable.Wecanconstructabargraphfromafrequency
table.
CircleGraphs(orpiechart):
Allowsfortheillustrationofaqualitativevariable.A
circlegraphrepresentseachpartofthewhole(relative
frequency).Youwillneedtofindthefractionvaluefor
eachitemandthenturnittoapercent.Thenfindthe
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percentof360(wholecircle)tographsectorsforeach
item.
BrokenlineGraphs:
Usedtorepresentavariablethatevolvesinacontinuous
manner;variationsintemperatures,thegrowthofaplant,
thevalueofstockexchange.Composedofseveral
consecutivesegmentsconnectingsuccessivepoints.
Histogram:
Usedtorepresentdatathataregroupedinclasses.Bars
touchasclassesarecontinuous(onestartswheretheother
oneends).Forexampletestscoresgroupedbyintervalsof
percent,1020,2030,etc.
MeasuresofCentralTendency:
SampledatasetofGrade7Mathtestscores(%):
72,83,64,78,91,78,64,91,78
Mean(Average):
Youcanfindtheaveragebyfindingthetotalofthedata
itemsanddividingbythenumberofitems.
i.e.72+83+64+78+91+78+64+91+78=6999=77.67or
78%
Median:
Themedianisthemiddlenumberinthedataset.**The
numbersmustbeinorderfromsmallesttolargest.
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Ifthereisanoddnumberofdata:
n+1(n=thenumberofdata)

2
(9+1=102=5sothe5thdataisthemedian)
i.e.64,64,72,78,78,78,83,91,91
Ifthereisanevennumberofdata:
Getthemedianbytakingtheaverageofthetwo
middlenumbers.Forexampletakethenumberofdata
forexample(82=4thdatasotaketheaverageofthe
4thand5thdata)
i.e.64,64,72,76,78,83,91,91
76+78=1542=77
Mode:
Themostfrequentlyoccurringdata.Themostpopulardata.
i.e.64,64,72,78,78,78,83,91,91
78
Range:Themeasureofthedispersionofthedata.The
differencebetweenthehighestandlowestvalues.
(maximumminimumvalue)
i.e.64,64,72,78,78,78,83,91,91
so9164=27(range)

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