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General Physics I 01

introduction physics

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55 views

General Physics I 01

introduction physics

Uploaded by

yudipurwanto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Physics I

General Physics with Exercises I


Asan Science Hall, Rm 230
Mon & Wed: 10:30 AM 11:45 AM
Professor: Seok-Cheol Hong
([email protected])
Asan Science Hall, Rm 402
Office hours: Mon. 2 3 PM
TA: Shi-Hwa Joo ([email protected])
Asan Science Hall, Rm 546

General Physics I
English-Mediated Course
Text : Halliday, Resnick, and Walker
Fundamentals of Physics, 7th edition (English version)
Chapters 1-20
Information (Exam, HW problems)
http://inphy.korea.ac.kr
Lecture note
http://portal.korea.ac.kr
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01.pdf, are saved here

Rules in this class


English only.
This course will require a lot of effort.
No accomplishment F without exception.
For your good question, receive 0.5 point.
For your correct answer, receive 1 point (cancel 1
lateness).
Be quiet except for discussion & Q/A.
Turn off your cell phone.
Students behaving bad will be expelled from class
(counted as 1 absence).
Print & bring the lecture notes. Otherwise, 1 lateness.
Submit HW in time. You lose points for late HW.
Attend main + practice classes.
3 Lateness = 1 Absence; 30 minutes late = 1 Absence.
7 Absence F

Why do we need to study


science?
Fundamental law of nature.
Beauty
Benefit/Necessity
Need to understand things to use or
control them.
Essential for human civilization and
better life.
Korea heavily relies on science &
engineering.
It is not fully known.

What is Science (Physics)?

(Accumulate) Observations of nature.


Find some rules.
(Well-controlled experiments).
Deduce a theory that explains them.
Confirm the theory experimentally.
Establish the theory as truth.
Generalize it and relate it to others.
Make predictions based on the theory.

* Basic assumption: Nature has fundamental rules.

Why does Physics appear


hard?
Quantitative science: require highlevel math (a lot of neat tricks and
memorization) & rigorous agreement
with observations.
Fundamental and basic science: least
assumption and pursue generality
(laws!).
Science: interest in real problems
(require physical intuition) , should
be reproducible.
International science: English
required.

Chapter 1
Measurement

Things to learn
We will learn the concepts of physical
quantities, base quantities, standard, and
base standard.
We will understand units, systems of units,
and derived units.
We will learn how to use numbers in
scientific context.
We will learn how common units of length,
mass, and time are defined.

1.2 Measuring Things.

There are 3 base quantities:


Length [L]
Time [T]
Mass [M]
Other physical quantities are described by
base quantities.
Standard: well-defined, accessible,
invariable.
We need a (base) standard for each (base)
quantity for comparison.
Unit: How many ( )s of this standard is
equivalent to the length of your car?
* Unit ~ standard

Other physical quantities


Lets express other physical quantities in
terms of the base quantities!
Area = L2 (L-squared) Volume = L3 (cubed)
Density = Mass/Volume = M/L3
Speed = L/T (L over T)
Acceleration = (L/T)/T = L/T2
Momentum = M L/T, Force = M L/T2
Work = Force x Length = M L2/T2
Power = Work / Time = M L2/T3

1.3 The international system of


units
A single unified system of units makes life
easier!
SI : International System of Units (metric
system)
[L] = m, [T] = s(second), [M] = kg
cf. cgs system: [L] = cm, [T] = s, [M] =g
US: [L] = inch (foot, yard, mile), [T] = s, [M]
= pound (ounce)
Scientific notation (significant figure,
rounding, exponent of 10 (E), decimal point )
Prefixes (cf. megawatt (MW), nanosecond (ns))
Different units for convenience (, ly, AU,
etc)

SI Prefixes
1024
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
101

yotta
zetta
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deka

Y
Z
E
P
T
G
M
k
h
da

10-1
10-2
10-3
10-6
10-9
10-12
10-15
10-18
10-21
10-24

deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
zepto
yocto

d
c
m

n
p
f
a
z
y

SI Base Units
Base quantity
length
mass
time
electric current
thermodynamic temperature
amount of substance
luminous intensity

Name
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
mole
candela

Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd

SI Derived Units

Area = m2 squared meter


Volume = m3 cubic meter
Density = kg/m3 kilogram per cubic meter
Speed = m/s meter per second
Acceleration = m/s2 meter per second squared

Those with special names

Force : N (Newton) = kg m/s2


Angle : rad (radian)
Frequency : Hz (Hertz) = s-1
Pressure : Pa (Pascal) = N/m2
Energy : J (Joule) = N m
Power : W (Watt) =J/s
Charge : C (Coulomb) = A s

1.4 Changing units


When we switch one unit to another
unit, it is convenient to use a
conversion factor (a ratio of units
that is equal to unity).
Chain-link conversion.
1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s
1 = 60 min/h, 1 = 60 s/min
1 = (60 min/h) x (60 s/min) = 3600 s/h
1 is a pure number with no unit (time
units cancel).

Sample Problem 1.1

v = 23 ride/h
1 ride = 4 stadium, 1 stadium = 6 plethron
1 plethron = 30.8 m
Express the v in terms of km/s!
1 ride = 1 ride x (4 stadium/ride)
x (6 plethron/stadium)
x (30.8 m/plethron)
x (103 km/m)
1 h = 3.6 x 103 s
v = 23 ride/h = 4.7227 x 10-3 km/s
= 4.7 x 10-3 km/s rounded off!

1-5 Length
In 1792, the Republic of France established a new
system of weights and measures: meter = 10-7 of the
distance from the north pole to the equator.
Later, a meter = the distance between lines in the
standard meter bar in International Bureau of Weights
and Measures in Paris.
In 1960, a meter = 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of orangered light emitted by krypton-86.
In 1983, a meter = the length of the path traveled by
light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458
of a second.
Why do we use light?
Because the speed of light (c) in vacuum is invariant
(299 792 458 m/s)

SP 1-4

1-6 Time
The second is the duration of 9 192
631 770 oscillations of the light (of a
specified wavelength) emitted by a
cesium-133 atom.
Two cesium clocks will have to run for
6000 years before their reading would
differ by 1 sec.

1-7 Mass
SI standard of mass: 1 kg = Pt-Ir
cylinder (Fig. 1-4) at International
Bureau of Weights and Measures near
Paris.
2nd mass standard: carbon-12 = 12
atomic mass units (u)
1 u = 1.660 54 x 10-27 kg, approximately

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