Timeline of programming languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Timeline of programming languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a timeline of historically important programming languages.

Programming language
lists

Legend

Contents

1 Legend
2 Pre 1950
3 1950 onward
3.1 1950s
3.2 1960s
3.3 1970s
3.4 1980s
3.5 1990s
3.6 2000s

Alphabetical
Categorical
Chronological
Generational

( Entry ) means a non-universal

programming language
* <YEAR> means a unique language (no direct predecessor)

4 See also
5 References
6 External links

Predecessor(s)

Year Name

Chief developer, Company

Pre 1950
Analytical Engine
order code

~1837

1943Plankalkl (concept) Konrad Zuse

5

1943- ENIAC coding

6
system

John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J.

Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine after
Alan Turing

ENIAC coding
system

1946

ENIAC Short Code

Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann

after Alan Turing

ENIAC coding
system

1946

Von Neumann and

Goldstine graphing
system (Notation)

John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine

ENIAC coding
system

1947

ARC Assembly

Kathleen Booth

Analytical Engine
order code

1948

CPC Coding scheme Howard Aiken

ENIAC coding
system

1948

Curry notation
system

Haskell Curry

ENIAC Short Code 1949

Brief Code

John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt

ENIAC Short Code 1949

C-10

Betty Holberton

CPC Coding
scheme

Seeber coding
scheme (concept)

Robert Seeber

1949

Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace

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1950 onward
1950s
Brief Code

1950

Short Code

William F Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan

ARC

1950

Birkbeck Assembler Kathleen Booth

Plankalkl

1951

Superplan

Heinz Rutishauser

1951

ALGAE

Edward A Voorhees and Karl Balke

Short Code

1951

Intermediate
Programming
Language

Arthur Burks

EDSAC

1951

Regional Assembly
Language

Maurice Wilkes

Aiken CPC system

1951

Boehm unnamed
coding system

Corrado Boehm

Plankalkl

1951

Klammerausdrcke

Konrad Zuse

Short Code

1951

OMNIBAC Symbolic
Charles Katz
Assembler

1951

Stanislaus (Notation) Fritz Bauer

EDSAC

1951

Whirlwind
assembler

EDSAC

1951

Rochester assembler Nat Rochester

1951

Sort Merge
Generator

Betty Holberton

C-10 and Short

Code

1952

A-0

Grace Hopper

Aiken CPC

1952

Autocode

Alick Glennie after Alan Turing

SORT/MERGE

1952

Editing Generator

Milly Koss

1952

COMPOOL

RAND/SDC

1953

Speedcoding

John W. Backus

1953

READ/PRINT

Don Harroff, James Fishman, George

Ryckman

1954

Laning and Zierler

system

Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project

Whirlwind

Glennie Autocode

1954

Mark I Autocode

Tony Brooker

Speedcoding

1954- FORTRAN
1955 "0" (concept)

Team led by John W. Backus at IBM

A-0

1954

ARITH-MATIC

Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC

A-0

1954

MATH-MATIC

Team led by Charles Katz

1954

MATRIX MATH

H G Kahrimanian

1954

IPL I (concept)

Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon

A-0

1955

FLOW-MATIC

Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC

1955

BACAIC

M. Grems and R. Porter

Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT

Project Whirlwind

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FORTRAN, A-2

1955

SHARE

Boehm

1955- Sequentielle
6
Formelbersetzung

Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson

Laning and Zerler

1955IT
6

Team led by Alan Perlis

1955

PRINT

IBM

IPL I

1958

IPL II
(implementation)

Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon

IPL

1956LISP (concept)
1958

John McCarthy

FLOW-MATIC

1957

COMTRAN

Bob Bemer

FORTRAN 0

1957

FORTRAN
John W. Backus at IBM
"I" (implementation)

MATH-MATIC

1957UNICODE
1958

1957

COMIT (concept)

FORTRAN I

1958

FORTRAN II

Team led by John W. Backus at IBM

FORTRAN, IT and
Sequentielle
1958
Formelbersetzung

ALGOL 58 (IAL)

ACM/GAMM

IPL II

1958

IPL V

Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon

1959

FACT

Fletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L.

Patrick

FLOW-MATIC,
1959
COMTRAN, FACT

COBOL (concept)

The Codasyl Committee

ALGOL 58

1959

JOVIAL

Jules Schwartz at SDC

IPL

1959

LISP
(implementation)

John McCarthy

1959

TRAC (concept)

Mooers

PACT I

Remington Rand UNIVAC

1960s
ALGOL 58

1960

ALGOL 60

FLOW-MATIC,
COMTRAN

1960

COBOL 61
(implementation)

1961

COMIT
(implementation)

FORTRAN II

1962

FORTRAN IV

1962

APL (concept)

Iverson

ALGOL 58

1962

MAD

Arden, et al.

ALGOL 60

1962

SIMULA (concept)

FORTRAN II,
COMIT

1962

SNOBOL

Griswold, et al.

ALGOL 60

1963

CPL

Barron, Strachey, et al.

The Codasyl Committee

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SNOBOL

1963

SNOBOL3

ALGOL 60

1963

ALGOL 68 (concept) van Wijngaarden, et al.

ALGOL 58

1963

JOSS I

Cliff Shaw, RAND

MIDAS

1964

MIMIC

H. E. Petersen, et al.

CPL, LISP

1964

COWSEL

Burstall, Popplestone

ALGOL 60,
COBOL,
FORTRAN

1964

PL/I (concept)

IBM

FORTRAN II,
JOSS

1964

BASIC

Kemeny and Kurtz

FARGO

1964

IBM RPG

IBM

1964

Mark-IV

Informatics

1964

TRAC
(implementation)

Mooers

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Griswold, et al.

1964? IITRAN
JOSS

1965

TELCOMP

BBN

JOSS I

1966

JOSS II

Chuck Baker, RAND

ALGOL 60

1966

ALGOL W

Niklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare

FORTRAN IV

1966

FORTRAN 66

LISP

1966

ISWIM (Concept)

ALGOL 60

1966

CORAL66

CPL

1967

BCPL

Richards

FORTRAN,
TELCOMP

1967

MUMPS

Massachusetts General Hospital

1967

APL
(implementation)

Iverson

ALGOL 60

1967

SIMULA 67
(implementation)

Dahl, Myhrhaug, Nygaard at Norsk

Regnesentral

SNOBOL3

1967

SNOBOL4

Griswold, et al.

PL/I

1967

XPL

W. M. Mckeeman, et al. at University Of

California Santa Cruz, California
J. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University

ALGOL 60

1968

ALGOL 68
(UNESCO/IFIP
standard)

A. van Wijngaarden, B.J. Mailloux, J.E.L.

Peck and C.H.A. Koster, et al.

COWSEL

1968

POP-1

Burstall, Popplestone

DIBOL

1968

DIBOL-8

DEC

1968

FORTH (concept)

Moore

LISP

1968

LOGO

Papert

CRT RPS

1968

MAPPER

Unisys

1968

REFAL
(implementation)

Valentin Turchin

Landin

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ALGOL 60,
COBOL,
FORTRAN

1969

PL/I (implementation) IBM

BCPL

1969

Ken Thompson, with contributions from

Dennis Ritchie

1969

PPL

Thomas A. Standish at Harvard University

1969

SETL

Jacob T. Schwartz at Courant Institute

1969

TUTOR

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

1970s
1970?

FORTH
(implementation)

POP-1

1970

POP-2

ALGOL 60,
ALGOL W

1970

Pascal

Wirth, Jensen

Pascal, XPL

1971

Sue

Holt et al. at University of Toronto

SIMULA 67

1972

Smalltalk

Xerox PARC

PL/I, ALGOL, XPL 1972

PL/M

Kildall at Digital Research

B, BCPL, ALGOL
68

1972

Dennis Ritchie

1972

INTERCAL

Don Woods and James M. Lyon

2-level W-Grammar 1972

Prolog

Colmerauer

Pascal, BASIC

1973

COMAL

Christensen, Lfstedt

1973

ML

Robin Milner

Pascal, Sue

1973

LIS

Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull

BASIC

1974

GRASS

DeFanti

Business BASIC

1974

BASIC FOUR

MAI BASIC Four Inc.

SETL

1975

ABC

Leo Geurts and Lambert Meertens

LISP

1975

Scheme

Sussman, Steele

BASIC

1975

Altair BASIC

Gates, Allen

ALGOL 68, BLISS,

1975
ECL, HAL

CS-4

Brosgol at Intermetrics

Pascal

1975

Modula

Wirth

Smalltalk-72

1976

Smalltalk-76

Xerox PARC

Speakeasy-2

1976

Speakeasy-3

Stanley Cohen,Stephen Pieper at Argonne

National Laboratory

C, FORTRAN

1976

Ratfor

Kernighan

APL, PPL, Scheme 1976

John Chambers at Bell Laboratories

1977

FP

John Backus

1977

Bourne Shell (sh)

Bourne

Fortran

1977

IDL

David Stern of Research Systems Inc

Moore

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MUMPS

1977

Standard MUMPS

SNOBOL

1977

Icon (concept)

Griswold

ALGOL 68, LIS

1977

Green

Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull for US

Dept of Defense

ALGOL 68, CS-4

1977

Red

Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of

Defense

ALGOL 68,

1977

Blue

Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept

of Defense

ALGOL 68,

1977

Yellow

Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US

Dept of Defense

1978? MATLAB

Moler at the University of New Mexico

Algol60

1978? SMALL

Brownlee at the University of Auckland

Ingres

1978

SQL aka structured

query language

IBM

1978

VISICALC

Bricklin, Frankston marketed by VisiCorp

Modula

1979

Modula-2

Wirth

PL/I, BASIC,
EXEC 2

1979

REXX

Cowlishaw

C, SNOBOL

1979

AWK

Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan

SNOBOL

1979

Icon (implementation) Griswold

1979

Vulcan dBase-II

Ratliff

1980s
C, SIMULA 67

1980

BASIC, Compiler
Systems, Digital
Research

1980CBASIC
1981

Gordon Eubanks

Speakeasy-3

1982? Speakeasy-IV

Stanley Cohen, et al. at Speakeasy

Computing Corporation

Smalltalk, C

1982

Objective-C

Brad Cox

BASICA

1983

GW-BASIC

Microsoft

Green

1983

Ada

CII Honeywell Bull

C with Classes

1983

C++

Stroustrup

BASIC

1983

True BASIC

Kemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth College

COBOL

1983? ABAP

SAP

sh

1984? Korn Shell (ksh)

David Korn

Forth, Lisp

1984

RPL

Hewlett-Packard

ML

1984

Standard ML

dBase

1984

CLIPPER

Nantucket

LISP

1984

Common Lisp

Guy Steele and many others

1984

Redcode

A.K. Dewdney and D.G. Jones

1985

Object Pascal

Apple Computer

Pascal

C with classes

Stroustrup

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dBase

1985

PARADOX

Borland

InterPress

1985

PostScript

Warnock

BASIC

1985

QuickBASIC

Microsoft

BASIC

1986

GFA BASIC

Frank Ostrowski

1986

Miranda

David Turner at University of Kent

1986

LabVIEW

National Instruments

1986

Eiffel

Meyer

1986

Informix-4GL

Informix

1986

PROMAL

INFORM

1986

CorVision

Cortex

Smalltalk

1987

Self (concept)

Sun Microsystems Inc.

1987

HyperTalk

Apple

1987

Magic

Magic Software Enterprises

C, sed, awk, sh

1987

Perl

Wall

Modula-2

1987

Oberon

Wirth

Prolog

1987

Erlang

Joe Armstrong and others in Ericsson

1987

Mathematica

Wolfram Research

BASIC/Z

1987

Turbo Basic

Robert 'Bob' Zale

MATLAB

1988

Octave

Awk, Lisp

1988

Tcl

Ousterhout

BASIC

1988

STOS BASIC

Franois Lionet and Constantin

Sotiropoulos

REXX

1988

Object REXX

Simon C. Nash

Ada

1988

SPARK

Bernard A. Carr

APL

1988

A+

Arthur Whitney

Turbo Pascal,
Object Pascal

1989

Turbo Pascal OOP

Hejlsberg at Borland

Modula-2

1989

Modula-3

Cardeli, et al. DEC and Olivetti

Turbo Basic

1989

PowerBASIC

Robert 'Bob' Zale

SIMULA 67

1990s
STOS BASIC

1990

AMOS BASIC

Franois Lionet and Constantin

Sotiropoulos

Oberon

1990

Object Oberon

H Mssenbck, J Templ, R Griesemer

APL, FP

1990

Iverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software

Miranda

1990

Haskell

Common Lisp,
Scheme

1990

Eulisp

Object Oberon

1991

Oberon-2

Hanspeter Mssenbck, Wirth

1991

Python

Van Rossum

ABC, ALGOL 68

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Icon, Modula-3

Prolog

1991

Oz

Gert Smolka and his students

1991

Albert Grf

QuickBASIC

1991

Visual Basic

Alan Cooper, sold to Microsoft

Turbo Pascal OOP

1992

Borland Pascal

Common Lisp,
Scheme

1992

Dylan

ksh

1993? Z Shell (zsh)

Smalltalk

1993? Self (implementation) Sun Microsystems Inc.

1993

Brainfuck

Urban Mller

Forth

1993

FALSE

Wouter van Oortmerssen

1993

WinDev

PC Soft

HyperTalk

1993

Revolution
Transcript

HyperTalk

1993

AppleScript

Apple

APL, Lisp

1993

Arthur Whitney

Smalltalk, Perl

1993

Ruby

Yukihiro Matsumoto

Lua

1993

Lua

Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf,

PUC-Rio

1993

ZPL

Chamberlain et al. at University of

Washington

Self, Dylan

1993

NewtonScript

Walter Smith

Common Lisp

1994

ANSI Common Lisp

Perl

1994

PHP

Rasmus Lerdorf

LPC, C, LPC

1994

Pike

Fredrik Hbinette et al. at Linkping

University

Forth

1994

ANS Forth

Elizabeth Rather, et al.

Borland Pascal

1995

Borland Delphi

Anders Hejlsberg at Borland

1995

ColdFusion (CFML) Allaire

many people at Apple Computer

C, SIMULA67 OR
C++, Smalltalk,
1995
Ada 83, ObjectiveC

Java

James Gosling at Sun Microsystems

Self, Java

1995

LiveScript

Brendan Eich at Netscape

Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk,

TeX, HTML

1996

Curl

David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at

MIT

LiveScript

1996

JavaScript

Brendan Eich at Netscape

APL, Perl

1996

Perl Data Language

(PDL)

Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann,

Tuomas Lukka, and Christian Soeller

1996

Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka

REXX

1996

NetRexx

Cowlishaw

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1996

Lasso

Blue World Communication

Oberon-2

1997

Component Pascal

Oberon microsystems, Inc

Joule, Original-E

1997

Mark S. Miller

Scheme

1997

Pico

Free University of Brussels

Smalltalk-80, Self

1997

Squeak Smalltalk

Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer

JavaScript

1997

ECMAScript

ECMA TC39-TG1

Smalltalk, APL,
Objective-C

1997

F-Script

Philippe Mougin

Common Lisp

1997

ISLISP

ISO Standard ISLISP

Java, Scheme, Tcl

1997

Tea

Jorge Nunes

Self, Forth, Lisp,

Logo

1997

REBOL

Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies

C++, Standard C

1998

Standard C++

ANSI/ISO Standard C++

Erlang

1998

Open Source Erlang Ericsson

AWK, Perl, Unix

shell

1998

Pikt

Robert Osterlund (then at University of

Chicago)

JAVA, SQL

1998

DASL (BOS)

Bob Goldberg and Ludovic Champenois at

Sun Microsystems

Web 2.0 IDE &

ALM

1999

WebDev

PC Soft

DSSSL

1999

XSLT (+ XPath)

W3C, James Clark

Game Maker

1999

Game Maker
Language (GML)

Mark Overmars

DASL (AUS)

Bob Goldberg, Bruce Daniels, Peter Yared,

Yury Kamen, and Syed Ali at Sun
Microsystems

JAVA, HTML

1999

2000s
Java

2000

Join Java

G Stewart von Itzstein

FP, Forth

2000

Joy

von Thun

C, C++, C#, Java

2000

Walter Bright at Digital Mars

Ada, C++, Lisp

2000

XL

Christophe de Dinechin

Magic

2000

eDeveloper

Magic Software Enterprises

C, C++, Java,
Delphi

2000

C#

Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft(ECMA)

C, C++, Java, PHP,

Python, Ruby,
2000
Scheme

Ferite

Chris Ross

Java

2001

AspectJ

Xerox PARC

Visual Basic

2001

Visual Basic.NET

Microsoft

Self, NewtonScript 2002

Io

Steve Dekorte

C#, ML,
MetaHaskell

Nemerle

University of Wrocaw

2003

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Joy, Forth, Lisp

2003

Factor

Slava Pestov

Smalltalk, Java,
Haskell, Standard
ML, OCaml

2003

Scala

Martin Odersky

Lua

2003

Squirrel

Alberto Demichelis

BASIC

2004

FreeBASIC

Andre Victor

Mobile
Development

2004

WinDev Mobile

PC Soft

2004

Subtext

Jonathan Edwards

Python, C#

2004

Boo

Rodrigo B. de Oliveira

Object Pascal, C#

2004

Oxygene (formerly
Chrome)

RemObjects Software
(http://www.remobjects.com/)

Java

2004

Groovy

James Strachan

BASIC

2004

ThinBasic

Eros Olmi thinBasic community

(http://community.thinbasic.com/)

Objective Caml,
C#, Haskell

2005

F#

Don Syme at Microsoft Research

ARC Assembler

2005

Rage Assembler

Wim Boot at Micronix Softworks

2005

Corn

Haskell

2006

Links

Phil Wadler, University of Edinburgh

2006

Kite

Mooneer Salem

C#, ksh, Perl, CL,

DCL, SQL

2006

Windows PowerShell Microsoft

C#, Scala, Ruby,

Erlang

2007

Fan

Brian Frank, Andy Frank

APEX

2007

APEX

Salesforce.com

C#

2007

Vala

GNOME

Lisp, ML, Haskell,

Erlang

2007

Clojure

Rich Hickey

2007

LOLCODE

Adam Lindsay

2008

RapidRage

Wim Boot at Micronix Softworks

eDeveloper

2008

uniPaaS

Magic Software Enterprises

Haskell

2008

Disciple

Ben Lippmeier Disciple Wiki

(http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/DDC)

C, R

2008

PCASTL

Philippe Choquette
(http://www.pcosmos.ca/)

2008

Seccia

Sylvain Seccia (http://www.seccia.org/)

Standard ML,
SML/NJ

2009

Mythryl

Cynbe ru Taren (http://mythryl.org/)

See also

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Programming language
Timeline of computing
History of computing hardware
History of programming languages

References
1. ^ "Interview with Guido van Rossum (http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/gvr-interview)".
June 1998. http://www.amk.ca/python/writing/gvr-interview. Retrieved on 28 2008.

External links

Online encyclopedia for the history of programming languages (http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/)

Diagram & history of programming languages (http://merd.sourceforge.net/pixel/languagestudy/diagram.html)
Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history
(http://www.levenez.com/lang/)
aiSee's timeline diagram of computer languages history
(http://www.aisee.com/graph_of_the_month/lang.htm)

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Categories: Computing timelines | Lists of programming languages

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