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Atomic Structuref

Atomic structure consists of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit in shells surrounding the nucleus. The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass and can be identified by its atomic number, which is the number of protons, and mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons, and have the same chemical properties. The relative atomic mass takes into account the different isotopes and their abundances to calculate the average mass of an atom. Electrons fill the atom's shells from the innermost shell outward, with each shell holding

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33 views1 page

Atomic Structuref

Atomic structure consists of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons orbit in shells surrounding the nucleus. The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass and can be identified by its atomic number, which is the number of protons, and mass number, which is the sum of protons and neutrons. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different neutrons, and have the same chemical properties. The relative atomic mass takes into account the different isotopes and their abundances to calculate the average mass of an atom. Electrons fill the atom's shells from the innermost shell outward, with each shell holding

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Anonymous 8VJhV1eI2y
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

Atomic structure

1. Overall structure
a. subatomic particles
i. proton: mass 1, charge +1
ii. neutron: mass 1, charge 0
iii. electron: mass 1/1840, charge -1
b. layout
i. nucleus in middle containing protons and neutrons
ii. electrons orbiting in shells
c. mostly empty space
2. The nucleus
a. contains most of the mass of the atom
b. two numbers associated with each atom
i. atomic number = number of protons
ii. mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
c. isotopes
i. are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons
ii. have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of
outer-shell electrons
d. relative atomic mass (RAM, Ar)
i. average mass of an atom of an element, taking isotopes into account
ii. calculated from the mass numbers of the isotopes and their % abundances
e.g. for 75% 35Cl and 25% 37Cl
75
25
= (
35) + (
37) = 35.5
100
100

3. The electrons
a. fill up shells from the inside first
b. maximum electrons in each shell
i. first shell: 2
ii. second shell: 8
iii. third shell: 8
iv. (all other shells 8, simplification but works fine up to Ca)
c. abbreviated electronic configurations (e.g. 2:8:1 for Na)
d. location of element on periodic table
i. row = period = number of occupied electron shells
ii. column = group = number of electrons in the outer shell
e. noble gas structures (2, 2:8, 2:8:8 etc) with full outer shells are stable

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