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Age of Exploration Discovery and Expansion

The document discusses the Age of Exploration and expansion between 1500-1800. It summarizes the key motives, means, explorers and impacts. The main motives for European expansion were economic (seeking spices, gold), religious (spreading Christianity), and desire for glory. Explorers like Columbus, Magellan, Cook and conquistadors established colonies and trading posts while spreading their culture and religion. However, they also unwittingly spread diseases that devastated native populations. The global exchange of plants, animals, technologies and ideas transformed societies worldwide.

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604 views28 pages

Age of Exploration Discovery and Expansion

The document discusses the Age of Exploration and expansion between 1500-1800. It summarizes the key motives, means, explorers and impacts. The main motives for European expansion were economic (seeking spices, gold), religious (spreading Christianity), and desire for glory. Explorers like Columbus, Magellan, Cook and conquistadors established colonies and trading posts while spreading their culture and religion. However, they also unwittingly spread diseases that devastated native populations. The global exchange of plants, animals, technologies and ideas transformed societies worldwide.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Age of Exploration, Discovery,

and Expansion
WH Standard 10- Analyze the impact
of the age of discovery & expansion
in the Americas, Africa, and Asia

Motives and Means


The dynamic energy of Western
civilization between 1500 and 1800 was
most apparent when Europeans began
to expand into the rest of the world
Economic motives loom large in
European expansion.
Europeans hoped for spices & precious
metals.

Means and Motives Continued


Another reason for the overseas
voyages: religious zeal. Many shared
the belief of Hernan Cortes that the
natives are introduced into the Catholic
faith.
They wanted to convert the natives to
Christianity, but grandeur, glory, and a
spirit of adventure also played a major
role.
God, Glory, and Gold were the chief
motives for exploration.

Portuguese Trading Empire


The Portuguese took the lead in
European expansion.
Beginning in 1420, Portuguese
fleets began probing southward
along the western coast of
Africa.
There they discovered gold.

Vasco da Gama (1460 1524)


In 1497, Vasco da Gama went around the
Cape of Good Hope and cut across the
Indian Ocean to the coast of India.
He took on a cargo of spices which he
sold in Portugal for a profit of several
thousand percent.
His arrival spelled the end of
independence for the Swahili cities and led
to the cities economic decline.

Vasco da Gama

Voyages to the Americas


The Portuguese sailed eastward through
the Indian Ocean to reach the spice trade,
while the Spanish sailed westward through
the Atlantic Ocean.

Christopher Columbus
Map maker
Very knowledgeable
of the sea
Deeply religious
Believed he had
found small islands
off the coast of Asia

Christopher Columbus
(1451 1506)
Italian, but sailed for King Ferdinand &
Queen Isabella of Spain
October 1492 he reached the Americas
where he explored the coastline of Cuba
and the island of Hispaniola.
Throughout his life, He believed he had
reached Asia when he actually reached all
the major islands of the Caribbean and
Honduras in Central America- all of which
he called the Indies.

Ferdinand Magellan
1480 1521
Portuguese Explorer
Set sail September 20, 1519 with a crew
of 250 Spanish men
November 1520, Magellan passed through
a narrow waterway, later named the Strait
of Magellan, and emerged in the Pacific
Ocean which he called the Pacific Sea.
Killed in the Philippines by the native
peoples.

Ferdinand Magellan
Remembered as the
first person to sail
around the world.
Although he did not
make the full trip, one
of his ships did.
The Philippines would
become a major base
for trade across Asia.

James Cook (1728 1779)


English explorer, navigator, and captain of
the HMS Endeavour.
April 1770 dropped anchor ten miles south
of Sydney, Australia.
August 21 formally claimed the entire land
for King George III.
Cook called the land New South Wales.
In accepting possession, the British
completely ignored the native peoples.
The British established a penal colony in
1788 in Australia.

James Cook

Samuel de Champlain (1567 1635)


Sailed down the St.
Lawrence River
In 1608, he founded
Quebec, the first
permanent French
settlement in the
Americas.
Meanwhile, the British
were founding
Virginia.

Zheng He (1371 1433)


Visited the Western
A Court official sent
Coast of India and the
on a series of naval
city states of East Africa.
voyages into the
Indian Ocean that
Returned with items
sailed as far as the
unknown to China such
eastern coast of
as giraffes which were
Africa.
placed in the Imperial
Zoo.
7 voyages between
1405 and 1433.
Voyages led to enormous
profit but were halted
The largest ship was
after Emperor Yong Les
over 440 ft. long;
death, never to be
Columbus Santa
revived.
Maria was only 75 feet
long!

Zheng He

A statue honoring Zheng He in


Malaysia .

Role of
Conquistadors &
Explorers

Conquistadors Spanish conquerors


Establish trading posts
Establish colonies
Bring back items their country does not have
Spread their religion to the natives

Discover new lands/ trade routes

The Columbian Exchange


The Age of Discovery led to the migration of
peoples, which in turn led to the exchange of
fauna and flora of animals, plants, and
diseases, a complex process known as the
Columbian Exchange.
Europeans brought wheat, grapes, olives,
sugar plants, rice, bananas, horses, sheep,
cattle, dogs, pigs, chicken, and goats.
Spanish & Portuguese returned to Europe
with maize, white potatoes, beans, squash,
pumpkins, avocados, and tomatoes.

Unintended Consequences
Many things came unintentionally:
Native grasses
Diseases such as :
Small pox
Typhus
Influenza
Syphilis

Columbian Exchange Led To

Global & Cultural Impact of the


Columbian Exchange
Transformed
economic activity
Spread of religion
Spread of Languages
Destruction of native
civilizations
Spread of plants &
animals
Improved diets of
Asian, African, &
European peoples

Spread of Smallpox
and other diseases
long with new
weapons of war and
economic
exploitation, causing
a massive population
decline among Native
Peoples.

Role of Improved
Technology
In the 15th century,
Portuguese invented
the caravel, a small
light, 3 masted sailing
ship more that was
more maneuverable,
could carry heavy
cannons, and more
goods.
Magnetic compass
allowed sailors to
determine their
position.

Gunpowder, compass,
and rudder all Chinese
inventions!
Lateen (triangular) sail,
developed by the Arabs,
allowed Europeans to
tack against the wind.
Astrolabe perfected by
the Arabs, used the Sun
or a star to ascertain a
ships latitude
By 1500, cartography,
the art and science of
map making was fairly
accurate.

Improved Technology

Important Dates

1450 1650 Age of Discovery


1492 Columbus lands on San Salvador
1518 Atlantic Slave Trade Begins
1520 Spaniards defeat the Aztec Empire
1532 Pizarro defeats the Inca Empire
1550 1700 Disease leads to 80%
population decline in American Southeast
1602 Dutch East India Company
established
1635 Tokugawa Shogunate closes
Japan to trade

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