LAB # 02

OBJECTIVE:
TO STUDY THE WORKING OF DEAD WEIGHT
PRESSURE.

(Calibration of a bourdon tube pressure gauge using a dead weight calibration

technique).

APPARATUS:
HYDRO STATIC BENCH, BOURDEN TUBE GAUGE.

DETAILS OF APPRATUS
1) HYDRO STATIC BENCH

COMPONENTS
1 laboratory trolley
2 switch box,
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3 Prandtl tube,
4 measuring cylinder with d=200mm,
5 measuring cylinder with d=100mm,
6 leaf spring manometer,
7 spring tube manometer,
8 mercury U-tube manometer,
9 tube manometer 2-tube,
10 measuring cylinder d=133mm,
11 pressure sensor with digital display,
12 pump,
13 supply tank.

Technical Description
Experiments on the topic of the
hydrostatics of liquids and gases can be carried out. A pipe section
and various pressure measuring devices are fitted to a laboratory
trolley with a demonstration panel, working area and cabinet.
Various measuring containers are integrated into the pipe section.
The sealed water circuit and pump with supply tank permit
experiments to be performed independent of a mains water
connection. Experimental apparatus are included in the cabinet, e.g.
a device for determining the centre of pressure of a column of water.
This enables the pressure on a weir to be determined, amongst
other aspects.

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Familiarization

with different methods of measuring pressure

Familiarizations with various items of pressure measuring
equipment
Measurement of the static and dynamic pressure component in a
fluid
Determination of the buoyancy of various bodies
Investigations on the density of liquids
Determination of surface tension
Demonstration of capillary effects
Demonstration Pascal's law

FEATURES
Closed water circuit
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Wide range of experiments

THEORY
BOURDEN TUBE GAUGE

It consist of a circular dial and a needle .The Bourdon pressure gauge uses the
principle that a flattened tube tends to change to be straightened or larger
circular cross-section when pressurized, flattened thin-wall, closed-end tube is
connected at the hollow end to a fixed pipe containing the fluid pressure to be
measured. As the pressure increases, the closed end moves in an arc, and this
motion is converted into the rotation of a (segment of a) gear by a connecting link
that is usually adjustable. A small-diameter pinion gear is on the pointer shaft, so
the motion is magnified further by the gear ratio. The positioning of the indicator
card behind the pointer, the initial pointer shaft position, the linkage length and
initial position, all provide means to calibrate the pointer to indicate the desired
range of pressure for variations in the behavior of the Bourdon tube itself.
Differential pressure can be measured by gauges containing two different
Bourdon tubes, with connecting linkages.

Dead weight manometer:

In this apparatus the weights are applied on one end and readings are shown on
other end due to the movement of mercury .This dead weight pressure gauge
calibrator consists of a precision machined piston and cylinder assembly
mounted on leveling screws .A Bourdon gauge is supplied for calibration. The
weights supplied are added to the upper end of the piston rod which is rotated to
minimize friction effects. The gauge is thus subject to known pressures which
may be compared with the gauge readings and an error curve drawn

WORKING PRINCIPLE
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A Bourdon gauge uses a coiled tube, which, as it expands due to

pressure increase causes a rotation of an arm connected to the tube. Within the Bourdon
gauge is a thin-walled metal tube, somewhat flattened and bent into the form of a C.
Attached to its free end is a lever system that magnifies any motion of the free end
of the tube. On the fixed end of the gauge is a fitting you thread into a boiler system. As
pressure increases within the boiler, it travels through the tube. the metal tube begins to
straighten as the pressure increases inside of it. As the tube straightens, the
pointer moves around a dial that indicates the pressure in psi. The Bourdon gauge is
a highly accurate but rather delicate instrument

Construction
The construction of a bourdon tube gauge, construction elements are made of brass.

PARTS

The bench top unit contains a Bourdon tube manometer as the test
object and a piston manometer for generating the test pressure. A
very precise and reproducible calibration pressure is generated by
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loading the calibrated piston with weights. The known pressure is

applied to the test manometer. Hydraulic oil is the medium for
transmitting the pressure. The transparent scale on the manometer
allows the spring tube mechanism to be clearly seen.

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Principle of operation of a Bourdon tube manometer
Calibration of a bourdon tube gauge with dead weight gauge.
Determination of the systematic error.

PROCEDURE OF THE EXPERIMENT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Calculate the dia and area of the piston.

Set the apparatus.
Put the fluid in the cylinder. Which will pass through the hoise pipe
Calculate the weight of the piston.
Put the piston in the cylinder.
Now the fluid will passes through the house pipe to the Bourden tube gauge
It will exert the some pressure on the Bourden tube gauge.
Now it will forced the straight up the Bourden tube disturbed the linkage.
The linkage will rotate the rack and pinion .which is connected with the needle and
the movement of the needle gives us the pressure.
10 Increase the weight on the plunger and note the reading three to four time.

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION

1)The Pressure In The Fluid, In The Pipe Is Calculated From The Relation
P=F/A ; P=wh

p=weight /area of the piston

Pressure gauge:

Bourdon tube range 0 to 200 KN/m2 (KPa)

Area of Piston:

2.45x 10-4 m2

Mass of piston:

0.5kg

Ancillary masses:

0.5kg, 1.0kg, 1.5kg ,2kg

Observation and calculation:-

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Sr Applied
.
N Mass
o

Dead
weight
gauge

(kg)

bar
0.2

m. of
water
2.04

0.5

2
3
4

1.0
1.5
2.0

0.4
0.6
0.8

4.08
6.12
8.24

Bourdon
gauge load
increase

Bourdon
gauge load
decrease

Bourdon
gauge
average
reading

bar

bar

bar

0.25

m. of
water
2

0.4
0.6
0.85

4.3
6
8.3

0.25

m. of
water
2

0.25

m. of
water
2

0.4
0.6
0.8

4.3
6
8.3

0.4
0.6
0.85

4.3
6.03
8.1

%error
=[(DWBG)/DW]*100

20

m. of
water
1.96

0
0
6.25

5.39
1.47
1.69

bar

CONCLUSION
This dead weight pressure gauge calibrator consists of a
precision machined piston and cylinder assembly mounted on leveling screws. A Bourdon
gauge is supplied for calibration. The weights supplied are added to the upper end of the
piston rod which is rotated to minimize friction effects. The gauge is thus subject to
known pressures which may be compared with the gauge readings. which give the same
result. thus our calculation is correct.

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