Homework 2:

1. Dividing a program into functions

a. is the key to object-oriented programming.
b. makes the program easier to conceptualize.
c. may reduce the size of the program.
d. makes the program run faster.
2. A function name must be followed by _________parentheses_( )__.
3. A function body is delimited by ______________braces
{ } _.
4. Why is the main() function special?
Its the first function executed when the program starts
5. A C++ instruction that tells the computer to do something is called a ____statement____.
6. Write an example of a normal C++ comment and an example of an old-fashioned /*
comment. /* this is a comment */
7. An expression
a. usually evaluates to a numerical value.
b. indicates the emotional state of the program.
c. always occurs outside a function.
d. may be part of a statement.
8. Specify how many bytes are occupied by the following data types in a 32-bit system:
a. Type int
4-bytes
b. Type long double
10-bytes
c. Type float
4-bytes
d. Type long
4-bytes
9. True or false: A variable of type char can hold the value 301.
10. What kind of program elements are the following?
a. 12
integer constant
b. a
character constant
c. 4.28915
floating-point constant
d. JungleJim
variable name or identifier
e. JungleJim()
function name
11. Write statements that display on the screen
a. the character x
cout << 'x';
b. the name Jim
cout << "Jim";
c. the number 509
cout << 509;
12. True or false: In an assignment statement, the value on the left of the equal sign is always
equal to the value on the right.
false; theyre not equal until the statement is executed
13. Write a statement that displays the variable george in a field 10 characters wide.
cout << setw(10) << george;
14. What header file must you #include with your source file to use cout and cin?
IOSTREAM
15. Write a statement that gets a numerical value from the keyboard and places it in the variable
temp.
cin >> temp;
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16. What header file must you #include with your program to use setw?
IOMANIP
17. Two exceptions to the rule that the compiler ignores whitespace are __ string constants_,
and __ preprocessor directives __.
18. True or false: Its perfectly all right to use variables of different data types in the same
arithmetic expression.
19. The expression 11%3 evaluates to __2___.
20. An arithmetic assignment operator combines the effect of what two operators?
assignment (=) and arithmetic (like + and *)
21. Write a statement that uses an arithmetic assignment operator to increase the value of the
variable temp by 23. Write the same statement without the arithmetic assignment operator.
temp += 23;
temp = temp + 23;
22. The increment operator increases the value of a variable by how much? 1
23. Assuming var1 starts with the value 20, what will the following code fragment print out?
cout << var1--; cout << ++var1;
2020
24. In the examples weve seen so far, header files have been used for what purpose?
to provide declarations and other data for library functions, overloaded operators, and
objects
25. The actual code for library functions is contained in a ____library____ file.

Programming Questions
1. Assuming there are 7.481 gallons in a cubic foot, write a program that asks the user to enter a
number of gallons, and then displays the equivalent in cubic feet.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
double g;
cout << "Enter Number of Gallons : ";
cin >> g;
cout << g << " Gallons = " << g/7.481 <<" Cubic Feet" <<endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
2. Write a program that generates the following table:
1990
135
1991
7290
1992
11300
1993
16200
Use a single cout statement for all output.

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#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
cout << 1990 << setw(8)
<< 1991 << setw(8)
<< 1992 << setw(8)
<< 1993 << setw(8)
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

<<
<<
<<
<<

135
7290
11300
16200

<<
<<
<<
<<

endl
endl
endl
endl;

3. Write a program that generates the following output:

10
20
19
Use an integer constant for the 10, an arithmetic assignment operator to generate the 20, and a
decrement operator to generate the 19.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int var = 10;
cout << var << endl;
// var is 10
var *= 2;
// var becomes 20
cout << var-- << endl;
// displays var, then decrements it
cout << var << endl;
// var is 19
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
4. Write a program that displays your favorite poem. Use an appropriate escape sequence for the
line breaks. If you dont have a favorite poem, you can borrow this one by Ogden Nash:
Candy is dandy,
But liquor is quicker.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int var = 10;
cout << "Candy is dandy,\n";
cout << "But liquor is quicker.\n";
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

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5. A library function, islower(), takes a single character (a letter) as an argument and returns
a nonzero integer if the letter is lowercase, or zero if it is uppercase. This function requires
the header file CTYPE.H. Write a program that allows the user to enter a letter, and then
displays either zero or nonzero, depending on whether a lowercase or uppercase letter was
entered. (See the SQRT program for clues.)
#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
char c;
cout << "Enter a Character: "; cin >> c;
cout << islower(c) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
6. On a certain day the British pound was equivalent to $1.487 U.S., the French franc was
$0.172, the German deutschemark was $0.584, and the Japanese yen was $0.00955.
Write a program that allows the user to enter an amount in dollars, and then displays this
value converted to these four other monetary units.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
double British_Pound = 1.487;
double French_Franc = 0.17F;
double German_Deutsche_Mark = 0.584;
double Japanese_Yen = 0.00955;
double amount;
cout <<"Enter Amount on Dollar: ";
cout << amount <<" Dollars = "
cout << amount/British_Pound
cout << amount/French_Franc
cout << amount/German_Deutsche_Mark
cout << amount/Japanese_Yen
system("PAUSE");
return 0;

cin >> amount;

<< endl;
<< " British Pound" << endl;
<< " French Franc" << endl;
<< " German Deutsche Mark"<< endl;
<< " Japanese_Yen" << endl;

7. You can convert temperature from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit by multiplying by
9/5 and adding 32. Write a program that allows the user to enter a floating-point number
representing degrees Celsius, and then displays the corresponding degrees Fahrenheit.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
double c,f;
cout <<"Enter Temprature in Degrees Celsius: ";
f = c*9/5 + 32;
cout << f <<" F = "<< c <<" C"<<endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

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cin >> c;

8. When a value is smaller than a field specified with setw(), the unused locations are, by
default, filled in with spaces. The manipulator setfill() takes a single character as an
argument and causes this character to be substituted for spaces in the empty parts of a field.
Rewrite the WIDTH program so that the characters on each line between the location name
and the population number are filled in with periods instead of spaces, as in
Portcity.....2425785
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
long pop1=2425785, pop2=47, pop3=9761;
cout << setw(8) << "LOCATION" << setw(12)
<< "POPULATION" << endl
<< setw(8) << "Portcity" << setw(12) <<setfill('.') << pop1 <<endl
<< setw(8) << "Hightown" << setw(12) <<setfill('.') << pop2 <<endl
<< setw(8) << "Lowville" << setw(12) <<setfill('.') << pop3 <<endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

9. If you have two fractions, a/b and c/d, their sum can be obtained from the formula
a
c
a*d + b*c
--- + --- = ----------b
d
b*d
For example, 1/4 plus 2/3 is
1
2
1*3 + 4*2
3 + 8
11
--- + --- = ----------- = ------- = ---4
3
4*3
12
12
Write a program that encourages the user to enter two fractions, and then displays their sum
in fractional form. (You dont need to reduce it to lowest terms.) The interaction with the user
might look like this:
Enter first fraction: 1/2
Enter second fraction: 2/5
Sum = 9/10
You can take advantage of the fact that the extraction operator (>>) can be chained to read in
more than one quantity at once:
cin >> a >> dummychar >> b;
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int a1, b1, a2, b2, s1, s2;
char op;
cout<<"Enter first fraction: ";
cin >> a1 >> op >> b1;
cout<<"Enter second fraction: ";
cin >> a2 >> op >> b2;
s1 = a1*b2 + a2*b1;
s2 = b1*b2;
cout<<"Sum = "<< s1 << "/" << s2 <<endl;
system("PAUSE");
}

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10. In the heyday of the British Empire, Great Britain used a monetary system based on pounds,
shillings, and pence. There were 20 shillings to a pound, and 12 pence to a shilling. The
notation for this old system used the pound sign, , and two decimal points, so that, for
example, 5.2.8 meant 5 pounds, 2 shillings, and 8 pence. (Pence is the plural of penny.) The
new monetary system, introduced in the 1950s, consists of only pounds and pence, with 100
pence to a pound (like U.S. dollars and cents). Well call these new system decimal pounds.
Thus 5.2.8 in the old notation is 5.13 in decimal pounds (actually 5.1333333). Write a
program to convert the old pounds-shillings-pence format to decimal pounds. An example of
the users interaction with the program would be
Enter pounds: 7
Enter shillings: 17
Enter pence: 9
Decimal pounds = 7.89
In most compilers you can use the decimal number 156 (hex character constant '\x9c') to
represent the pound sign (). In some compilers, you can put the pound sign into your
program directly by pasting it from the Windows Character Map accessory.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
double Pounds, Shillings, Pence;
cout << "Enter Pounds: ";
cin >> Pounds;
cout << "Enter Shillings: ";
cin >> Shillings;
cout << "Enter Pence: ";
cin >> Pence;
Pounds = Pounds + (Shillings/20) + (Pence/20/12);
cout << "Decimal Pounds = "<<'\x9c'<<Pounds << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

11. By default, output is right-justified in its field. You can left-justify text output using the
manipulator setiosflags(ios::left). (For now, dont worry about what this new
notation means.) Use this manipulator, along with setw(), to help generate the following
output:
Last name
First name
Street address
Town
State
------------------------------------------------------------------Jones
Bernard
109 Pine Lane
Littletown
MI
OBrian
Coleen
42 E. 99th Ave.
Bigcity
NY
Wong
Harry
121-A Alabama St.
Lakeville
IL
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout <<"Last name
First name
Street address
Town
State"<<endl;
cout <<"-------------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
cout << setiosflags(ios::left)
<< setw(12)<<"Jones"<<setw(14)<<"Bernard"<<setw(20)<<"109 Pine Lane"
<< setw(14)<<"Littletown"<<setw(6)<<"MI"<<endl;

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cout << setiosflags(ios::left)

<< setw(12)<<"O'Brian"<<setw(14)<<"Coleen"<<setw(20)<<"42 E. 99th Ave."
<< setw(14)<<"Bigcity"<<setw(6)<<"NY"<<endl;
cout << setiosflags(ios::left)
<< setw(12)<<"Wong"<<setw(14)<<"Harry"<<setw(20)<<"121-A Alabama St."
<< setw(14)<<"Lakeville"<<setw(6)<<"IL"<<endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

12. Write the inverse of Exercise 10, so that the user enters an amount in Great Britains new
decimal-pounds notation (pounds and pence), and the program converts it to the old poundsshillings-pence notation. An example of interaction with the program might be
Enter decimal pounds: 3.51
Equivalent in old notation = 3.10.2.
Make use of the fact that if you assign a floating-point value (say 12.34) to an integer
variable, the decimal fraction (0.34) is lost; the integer value is simply 12. Use a cast to avoid
a compiler warning. You can use statements like
float decpounds;
// input from user (new-style pounds)
int pounds;
// old-style (integer) pounds
float decfrac;
// decimal fraction (smaller than 1.0)
pounds = static_cast<int>(decpounds); // remove decimal fraction
decfrac = decpounds - pounds;
// regain decimal fraction
You can then multiply decfrac by 20 to find shillings. A similar operation obtains pence.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
long double Pounds, Shillings;
double fPounds, fShillings, fPence;
cout << "Enter Decimal Pounds: " << endl;
cin >> fPounds;
// 5.6789
Pounds = int(fPounds);
// Pounds = 5
fPounds = fPounds - Pounds ;
// fPounds = 5.6789 - 5 = 0.6789
fShillings = fPounds * 20;
// fShillings = 0.6789*20 = 13.578
Shillings = int (fShillings);
// Shillings = 13
fShillings = fShillings - Shillings; // fShillings = 13.578-13=0.578
fPence

= fShillings * 12;

// fPence = 0.578*12=6.936

cout << Pounds<<" , "<<Shillings<<" , "<<fPence<<endl;

system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

13. Write a program that gets 6 integers from the user and displays the sum, average and product
of these numbers on screen.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main(){
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float n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6,sum,prod,avg;
cout << "Enter Six Numbers : ";
cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3 >> n4 >> n5 >> n6;
prod = n1*n2*n3*n4*n5*n6;
sum = n1+n2+n3+n4+n5+n6;
avg = sum/6;
cout <<"Product = " << prod <<endl;
cout <<"Sum
= " << sum <<endl;
cout <<"Average = " << avg <<endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

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