Instructor: Omar Faruque

TA: Farzad Ferdowsi

FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
Fall 2014

Acknowledgement: Some images are taken from Google

All about me
Completed Ph.D from the University of Alberta,

Canada in 2008
Have been working with FSU (Center for Advanced
Power Systems) since 2009
My research focuses on:
smart grid technologies
integration of renewable energy/distributed generation
modeling and simulation of power systems
real-time digital simulation of power systems, etc.
Real-time monitoring and control of bulk power systems
8/26/2014

How to reach us?

Office:

Hours:

Email:

Farzad
Email
8/26/2014

B365

9:00 am to 10:30 am on
Tuesday and
Thursday
Outside the office hour- at
CAPS room 370
[email protected],
[email protected]

Source: Google

: [email protected]
3

Scope of the Course

Energy conversion sources and structure of power system

Introduction to the power system components
3-phase system and complex power calculations
Power apparatus Transformers
Transmission lines
Generators
Motors

Power system analysis tools

One-line diagram
Per unit representation
Efficiency
Regulation
8/26/2014

Resources
Text book:
Power Systems Analysis-2nd Edition, Arthur R. Bergen
and Vijay Vittal, Prentice Hall Inc. 2000
Reference books
Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals,
Stephen J Chapman, McGraw Hill 2002
Power System Analysis and Design, J Glover, M. Sharma,
T. Overbye, Thompson Learning, 5th Edition
Others:
Web
Class notes
8/26/2014

Grading distribution
Two (2) Class Tests- 20% each
6 assignments/homework -20%
Design project-10% (No exemption)
Final exam-30% (no exemption to Final Exam.)
Dates of Class Tests will be announced at least two

weeks earlier to the date it will take place

The Design Project is due by December 4, 2013, 5:00
pm (Turn in during class hours ) (No exemption)

8/26/2014

Grading policy
Grading

8/26/2014

Letter Grades
90% and above
80% - 89%
70% -79%
60% -69%
Below 60%

A
B
C
D
F

Course Contents

Overview of energy systems and energy conversion

Balanced poly phase systems, delta wye connection
General design philosophy of power systems, description of

power apparatus, and introduction to one-line diagrams and

impedance diagrams
The per-unit system of measurements
Principles of operation of power transformers, magnetic circuits,
the ideal device, losses, equivalent circuits, and applications
Transmission line theory, parameters, short-line, medium-line,
and long-line models, transmission line representation, two-port
networks, power flow
Operation of a synchronous generator, characteristics,
machine constants, round-rotor and salient pole machines
Operation of induction motors, magnetic circuit, slip, equivalent
circuit, performance calculation and criteria, machine efficiency
Other types of machines: dc machines and electric motors

8/26/2014

Class Attendance and Participation

Class attendance and participation are very important

to learning the material and are required

Class discussions will involve novel solution
techniques, modeling helps, and problem solving
Some materials taught in the class may not be
available in the book
It is recommended that a full scientific calculator be
brought to class
Class will be interactive, discussions are encouraged

8/26/2014

Homework
Homework assignments are due one week after being

assigned
Completed assignments should be turned in in the
class
Group study sessions for understanding and solving
homework problems is strongly encouraged. However,
each student is responsible for her/his own work and
turning in the assignment
Solution sets will be accepted up to one week after the
due date. Late assignments (any that come in after the
class on the due date) will receive a maximum grade of
50%
8/26/2014

10

Class tests
There will be two class tests during the semester
The test will be closed book and closed notes
If you miss a test without either a certified medical

excuse or prior instructor approval, a zero will be

averaged into you grade
Test missed with certified medical excuse or prior
instructor approval will be dealt individually

8/26/2014

11

Final examination
The final exam will be held at the end of the semester
It will be closed book and closed notes but one page

formulae sheet is allowed

No exemption to the final examination

8/26/2014

12

Grading and disputes

It is theoretically possible for everyone in the class to

get an A (or an F)
Your performance depends only on how you do, not on
how everyone else in the class does
It is therefore encouraged to help your classmates in
every legal way possible
Disputes in grading of homework and tests must be
made within one week after the graded work has been
returned to the student
8/26/2014

13

Honor codes
The FAMU and FSU Honor Codes shall be observed
It is expected that you uphold the Academic Honor

Code
Although study groups are encouraged, all homework
and tests must represent work of individual students
Copying of homework, cheating on tests and all other
forms of academic dishonesty will not be tolerated and
will be dealt with by assigning Zero grade and other
legal actions

8/26/2014

14

Syllabus/material change policy

The syllabus is a guide for the course
Instructor may change the syllabus and course

materials if required
Students are encouraged to use reference books as
useful materials may be available there

8/26/2014

15

ADA Accommodations and

Requirements
Students with disabilities needing academic accommodations

should:

Register with and provide documentation to the Student Disability

Resource Center (SDRC).

Bring a letter to the instructor from the SDRC indicating you need
academic accommodations. This should be done within the first
week of class.

For more information about services available to students

with disabilities, FAMU Students should contact the:

Learning Development and Evaluation Center (LDEC)

(850) 599-3180
FSU Students should contact the:
Student Disability Resource Center (SDRC)
(850) 644-9566
8/26/2014

16

Lets get into business

8/26/2014

17

Brief history of electric power

Early 1880s Edison introduced Pearl

Street dc system in Manhattan

supplying 59 customers
1884 Sprague produces practical dc
motor
Mid 1880s Westinghouse/Tesla
introduce rival ac system
1885 invention of transformer
Late 1880s Tesla invents ac induction
motor
1893 First 3 phase transmission line
operating at 2.3 kV
8/26/2014

Thomas Edison

Nikola Tesla

18

History contd.
1896 ac lines deliver electricity from

hydro generation at Niagara Falls to

Buffalo, 20 miles away
Early 1900s Private utilities supply
all customers in area (city); recognized
as a natural monopoly; states step in
to begin regulation
By 1920s Large interstate holding
companies control most electricity
systems
8/26/2014

19

Simple power systems concept

8/26/2014

20

Simple power system network

Every power system has three
major components:
Generation: source of power,

ideally with a specified voltage and

frequency

Transmission : transmits power;

ideally as a perfect conductor

Distribution: consumes power;

ideally with a constant resistive
value

8/26/2014

21

T&D
Transmission network
To transport the electric
power from the point of
generation to the load
centers
All above a certain voltage
(Subtransmission)
Distribution network
To distribute the electric
power among the
consumers
Below a certain voltage
8/26/2014

Transmission system
Higher voltage (typical at least 110 kV
and higher)
Power injection by generation and
import, large consumers
Interconnected internationally
Meshed nature-Redundancy
(Subtransmission system)
Between transmission system and
distribution system
Connection of large industrial users
and cities
Open loop/partly meshed
Distribution system
400 V to some ten of kV
Industry, commercial and residential
areas
Radial

22

Simple does not stay simple

No ideal voltage sources exist
Loads are seldom constant
Transmission system has resistance, inductance and

capacitance and flow limitations

Simple system has no redundancy so powers system
will not work if any component fails
In most cases load/distribution network is far from the
generation

8/26/2014

23

Grid network

8/26/2014

24

Smart Future Grid

8/26/2014

25

Power Systems Components

Primary power sources

Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Hydro, Nuclear, Waste products, Wind, Solar,

Oceanic waves, Geothermal,

Generation and power conversion

Generators, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells,

Transmission and distribution

Step up/down transformers, transmission lines & cables, switchgear, power

factor correction,

Storage

Flywheels, batteries, capacitors, compressed air, pumped hydro

Load side power conversion

Motors, lighting equipment, heaters,

Power sinks (end use)

Air ventilation, transportation, illumination, pumping, manufacturing,

heating etc

8/26/2014

26

Applications of power systems

Electric utility: can range from quite small, such as an

island, to one covering half the continent

there are four major interconnected ac power systems in

North America, each operating at 60 Hz ac; 50 Hz is used in

some other countries (mostly Asia and Europe).

Airplanes and Spaceships: reduction in weight is primary

consideration; frequency is 400 Hz.

Ships and submarinesAutomobiles: dc with 12 V standard (42 V might be
introduced if more electric functionality becomes a reality)
Battery operated portable systems: remote installations
with telecommunication equipment
Others

8/26/2014

27

AC vs DC
Direct Current DC
Generator built by W. von Siemens and Z.Gramme

Low line voltage, and consequently limitation to size of the

system

Alternating current AC
Introduced by Nikola Tesla and Westinghouse

8/26/2014

Transformer invented by Tesla allows increasing the line

voltage
Allows transmitting large amounts of electricity over long
distances
28

The magic invention Transformer

8/26/2014

29

What should be the f? how

many phase?
Frequency of 50 or 60Hz
Current changes direction 100 or 120 times a sec
Active AND reactive power in the same line
3 phase system
Line voltages can be easily and economically

transformed up and down

AC current does not use the whole conductor
Skin effect
AC conductors have larger diameters
than adequate DC
8/26/2014

30

DC did not vanish

Only active power
Current flows in one
direction
Conductor cross-sections
fully used
Low transmission losses
Requires DC-AC converters

to control the voltage level

Expensive
Switching of higher voltage
DC more difficult
HVDC is used for bulk
power over a long distance
8/26/2014

31

Pros and Cons

Advantages of AC

Cheaper transformation between voltages

Easy to switch off
Less equipment needed
Known and reliable technology
More economical in general
Rotating field

Advantages of DC

Long distance transmission

Higher investment costs offset by lower losses

on 1000 km line, 5% for DC opposed to 20% for AC

Undersea and underground transmission

No reactive power problem

With different frequencies (Japan,South-America)

Different control area, i.e. UCTE with Nordel and UK

Connection of separate power systems

8/26/2014

32

Future of power system

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwRTpWZReJk
Fellowship opportunities
PES Scholarship: http://www.ee-scholarship.org/how-itworks/students/, Application process starts in Spring
Eant to work at CAPS?

8/26/2014

Contact me after the class or at my office

33