MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

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MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Site Selection
Capacity Planning
Parameter Planning
Agenda
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Site Selection Motivation
Sites represent expensive long term investments for the
operator.

Good site selection is critical to the performance of a 3G
radio network.

Neither RF Optimization nor Parameter Optimization can
compensate for poor site selection.

Site acquisition teams are often under pressure to offer large
numbers of sites while radio network planning teams are
often under pressure to accept large numbers of sites.
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Criteria- Site selection
Site selection criteria can be divided into two categories
Inclusion criteria
Whether or not a site should be considered for inclusion
within the 3G radio network plan
Sites with No should be included only unless there are
no alternatives and the benefit of introducing the site is
believed to justify its cost
Prioritisation criteria
Prioritise those sites being considered for inclusion
Select first sites with highest number of Yes

These criteria should be evaluated after a site visit and not only
from the information available within a radio network planning
tool
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Site Selection Site Information
Collect all necessary information about site details:

Site coordinates, height above sea level, exact address
House owner
Type of building
Building materials (photo)
Possible antenna heights
360deg photo (clearance view)
Neighbour hood, surrounding environment
Drawing sketch of rooftop
Antenna mounting conditions
Access possibilities (truck, road, roof)
BS location, approx. feeder lengths
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Site Selection & Site Survey Tools
A paper map of the area
A paper diagram of the building
Coverage plot from the planning tool
Best server plot from the planning tool
A GPS receiver
Binoculars and compass
A digital camera
An altimeter
A tape measure or other measuring device
Safety equipment if necessary
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Documentation
SARF
Site Acquisition
Request Form
SIR/SAR
Site Information
(Acquisition) Report
TSS report
Technical Site Survey
Report
TDRS
Technical Data for
Radiating System

Capacity Planning
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Traffic Estimation
The traffic estimation requires information related to the network
topology, subscribers and traffic:
Cell area from coverage dimensioning
Subscriber density from marketing
Subscriber traffic profile from marketing
Basic Traffic Model
Air Interface
Dimensioning
Channel Card
Dimensioning
RNC
Dimensioning
Iub
Dimensioning
Iu
Dimensioning
Iur
Dimensioning
+
Topology Subscribers
Subs density Cell area
Traffic / subscriber
Traffic / cell
Traffic / site
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Subscriber Density
Operator subscriber density depends on
Population density
Mobile phone penetration
Operator market share

The subscriber density can be considered quite stable in mature
markets
Mobile phone penetration close to 100% for basic services
Major changes possible only when new operators come to the
market or with aggressive marketing campaigns

In developing markets fast changes in mobile phone penetration and
operator market share
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Traffic Information
The subscriber density and user traffic profile are the main
requirements for capacity dimensioning
Traffic forecast should be done by analysing the offered Busy Hour
traffic per subscriber for different services in each rollout phase
Traffic data:
Voice :
Erlang per subscriber during busy hour of the network
Codec bit rate, Voice activity
Video call :
Erlang per subscriber during busy hour of the network
Service bit rates
NRT data :
Average throughput (kbps) subscriber during busy hour of the network
Target bit rates
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Example- Marketing Forecast
(Average) traffic demand per subscriber in busy hour:
Speech telephony: 20 23 mErl
Video telephony: 3.0 mErl
SMS 0.3
Data services ~ 500 900 bps

Marketing data predict Minutes of use per
subscriber per month (MoU)

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Example: Traffic estimation
Cell area: 10 km2
Planning area: 100 km2 and 10 000 subscribers 100 subs/km2
1000 subs/cell

User profile
Speech traffic: 25 mErl/subs/BH
NRT data traffic: DL 750 bps/subs/BH, UL 75 bps/subs/BH

Cell traffic: Speech - 25 Erl/cell/BH, NRT data DL - 750
kbps/cell/BH, NRT data UL - 75 kbps/cell/BH
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Traffic Model
Traffic model is used to derive the required capacity
from average traffic and service quality requirement
Real time traffic (speech, video call, video streaming)
is commonly modelled with Erlang-B model
Average traffic (Erlangs)
Blocking probability (%)
Required number of traffic channels

Non-real time traffic (web, email services) can be
modelled as average traffic with defined overhead

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Erlang-B Understanding
1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10%
5 11 10 10 9 9 9 9 8 8 8
6 13 12 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9
7 14 13 12 12 11 11 11 10 10 10
8 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 12 11 11
9 17 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 12 12
10 18 17 16 15 15 14 14 14 13 13
11 19 18 17 16 16 15 15 15 14 14
12 20 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15
13 22 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16
14 23 21 21 20 19 19 18 18 17 17
15 24 23 22 21 20 20 19 19 18 18
16 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 20 19 19
17 27 25 24 23 22 22 21 21 20 20
18 28 26 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 21
19 29 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 22 22
20 30 28 27 26 26 25 24 24 23 23
21 31 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 24 24
22 32 31 29 28 28 27 26 26 25 25
23 34 32 30 29 29 28 27 27 26 26
24 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 27
25 36 34 33 32 31 30 29 29 28 28
26 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 29
27 38 36 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 29
28 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 32 31 30
29 40 38 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31
30 42 39 38 37 36 35 34 34 33 32
31 43 41 39 38 37 36 35 35 34 33
32 44 42 40 39 38 37 36 35 35 34
33 45 43 41 40 39 38 37 36 36 35
34 46 44 42 41 40 39 38 37 37 36
35 47 45 43 42 41 40 39 38 38 37
36 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 39 38
37 49 47 45 44 43 42 41 40 40 39
38 51 48 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 40
39 52 49 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 41
40 53 50 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 42
41 54 51 50 48 47 46 45 44 43 43
42 55 52 51 49 48 47 46 45 44 43
43 56 53 52 50 49 48 47 46 45 44
44 57 55 53 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
45 58 56 54 52 51 50 49 48 47 46
46 59 57 55 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
47 61 58 56 54 53 52 51 50 49 48
48 62 59 57 55 54 53 52 51 50 49
49 63 60 58 56 55 54 53 52 51 50
50 64 61 59 57 56 55 54 53 52 51
Channels
BP
E
r
l

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Packet Data Modelling
Packet data traffic is a sum of multiple services with different traffic
profiles and service quality requirements
Accurate modelling of packet data traffic requires multiple
assumptions and complex simulations

Practical packet data traffic model utilises average bit rate with fixed
overhead for protocol and QoS
The overhead can assumed to be 27%
This figure includes the L2 re-transmission overhead of 10% and
15% of buffer headroom to avoid overflow (peak to average load
ratio headroom) => (1+0.10) x (1+0.15) = 1.265 => 26.5% overhead
Required bit rate = (1 + Overhead) * Average bit rate
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Example: Traffic Models
Cell traffic: 25 Erl/cell/BH, 750 kbps/cell/BH

Speech: 25 Erl & 2% blocking 34 traffic channels

NRT data DL: 750 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 945 kbps

NRT data UL: 75 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 94.5 kbps

We use these values in coming calculations
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Load Calculation Introduction
Cell load calculation is needed in order to estimate the level of
air interface load in the cell




Air interface load depends on service mix, radio propagation
conditions, network topology and number of active connections
as well as traffic inputs or load estimation
Service type Bitrate, Eb/No
Propagation conditions Eb/No, Orthogonality
Network topology I_other/I_own (Little i)

Air interface load Link budget
Cell range
Load/cell
Load estimation
Traffic inputs
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Uplink Load Equation for DCH
Simplified uplink load equation can be used to evaluate the uplink DCH capacity
( ) i a
R W
No E
j
j b
N j
j
j UL
* 1
/
/
1
+ =

=
=
u q
Uplink load
Activity factor
Chip rate Bit rate
EbNo requirement
Rise in intercell
interference ratio
Intercell
interference ratio
Activity factor for speech must account for DPCCH.
Rise in intercell interference ratio (power rise)
dependant upon average UE speed
Intercell interference ratio (little i) depends upon
the network layout and environment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1
0
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
9
5
9
8
loading/%
l
o
s
s
/
d
B
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Little i
OWN
OTHER
I
I
i =
In the real environment we will never have separated cell.
Therefore in the load factor calculation the other cell
interferences should be taken into account.
This can be introduced by means of the Little i value, which
describes how much two cells overlap (bigger overlapping
more inter-cell interferences)
I
other
MobileComm Professionals, Inc. Downlink Load Equation for DCH
Downlink load equation can be used to evaluate the downlink DCH capacity
when combined with a link budget
Downlink load
Activity factor
Chip rate Bit rate
EbNo requirement
Orthogonality
Intercell
interference
ratio
Activity factor for speech must account for DPCCH.
Orthogonality dependant upon the propagation channel conditions
Intercell interference ratio (little i) depends upon the network layout and propagation
environment
( ) i
R W
No E
OH SHO
j
j b
N j
j
j DL
+ + =

=
=
o u q 1
/
/
) _ 1 (
1
Soft handover
overhead
MobileComm Professionals, Inc. Examples: Load Calculation
Load factor for different services has to be calculated separately,
total load is then the sum of different services in the cell area
UL/DL single connection load examples are shown in the table
below
For example 50 % UL load means on average 50 speech users or
about 9 64 kbits/s users/cell in a 3-sector (1+1+1) configuration

Services UL Fractional Load DL Fractional Load
12.2 kbit/s 0,97% 1,00%
64 kbits/s 4,80% 6,21%
128 kbits/s 8,56% 11,07%
384 kbits/s 22,89% 29,59%
Total Load 37,22% 47,87%
MobileComm Professionals, Inc. Example: Load Dominancy
Speech: 34 traffic channels (Erlang B)

NRT data: DL 945 kbps, UL 94.5 kbps
(Based on the Table)
Fractional load of 12.2 AMR speech: Load DL = 34 * 1.0% =
34%, load UL = 34 * 0.97% = 33 %

Fractional load of NRT data, 128 kbps bearer: Load DL = 945
kbps/128 kbps * 11.07% = 64.9 %, Load UL = 94.5 kbps/128
kbps * 8.56% = 5.0 %

Total load DL = 97.9%, total load UL = 38% DL
Overload!!
MobileComm Professionals, Inc. Example: System Load of 74%
Speech traffic of 25 Erlangs corresponds average of 25 calls
in the cell
Average speech load: UL 24%, DL 25%

Maximum cell power 20 W with 2 W pilot allows maximum
DL load of 74% in the example cell

In average 49% load margin available for NRT data in DL
49% / 11.07% * 128 kbps = 566 kbps

In average 566 kbps available for NRT data
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Example: BB capacity for DCH
Speech: 24 Erl/cell
NRT data DL: 750 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 945 kbps/cell
NRT data UL: 75 kbps * (1 + 26%) = 94.5 kbps/cell
3 sector and 1 carrier site

Speech: 24 Erl/cell * 3 cell/site = 72 Erl/site 86
channels/site 86 CE UL&DL
NRT data DL: 945 kbps/cell * 3 cell = 2835 kbps/site 22.1
channels/site (128 kbps bearer) 92 CE DL
NRT data UL: 94.5 kbps/cell * 3 cell = 283.5 kbps/site 2.2
channels/site (128 kbps bearer) 12 CE UL
Control Channels: 26 CE UL&DL

Total: UL 124 CE, DL 204 CE
Equipment need to choose
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Summary

Site Selection
Capacity Planning
Parameter Planning
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
HAPPY LEARNING

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
www.mcpsinc.com
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