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Statistical Mechanics Notes

This document summarizes key formulas and concepts from statistical mechanics, including: 1) The microcanonical ensemble, where Ω(E,V,N) is the number of states and S is entropy. 2) The canonical ensemble, where QN is the partition function for N identical classical particles. 3) Non-interacting particles have a partition function that is the Nth power of the single particle partition function Q1. 4) The grand canonical ensemble extends the canonical ensemble to allow for fluctuating particle number with chemical potential μ. 5) Quantum statistics formulas for the density of states and thermodynamic quantities in the grand canonical ensemble depend on whether particles are bosons or ferm

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92 views

Statistical Mechanics Notes

This document summarizes key formulas and concepts from statistical mechanics, including: 1) The microcanonical ensemble, where Ω(E,V,N) is the number of states and S is entropy. 2) The canonical ensemble, where QN is the partition function for N identical classical particles. 3) Non-interacting particles have a partition function that is the Nth power of the single particle partition function Q1. 4) The grand canonical ensemble extends the canonical ensemble to allow for fluctuating particle number with chemical potential μ. 5) Quantum statistics formulas for the density of states and thermodynamic quantities in the grand canonical ensemble depend on whether particles are bosons or ferm

Uploaded by

Kapila Wijayaratne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS 8310 Statistical Mechanics Formulas

Microcanonical Ensemble
(E, V, N) = number of states at (E, V, N)
S(E, V, N) = k
B
ln
Large systems: S k
B
ln
Identical classical particles: =
1
N!
1
h
3N

H<E
d
3N
q d
3N
p
Canonical Ensemble
Q
N
(V, T) = Tr e
H
=

r
e
Er
sum over all microstates
Identical classical particles: Q
N
=
1
N!
1
h
3N

e
H
d
3N
q d
3N
p
Non-interacting identical particles: Q
N
=
Q
N
1
N!
Q
1
(V, T) =

sum over single-particle states


Classical system: Q
1
=
1
h
3

e
H
1
d
3
q d
3
p
Equipartition theorem: H
i
=
1
2
k
B
T when classical coordinate x
i
appears in H as x
2
i
Quantum freeze-out: Coordinate x
i
does not contribute to thermodynamics if k
B
T is small
compared to the minimum excitation energy for x
i
.
Density of states: a() =
d
d
for () = number of states with energy less than
Q
1
=


0
a()e

d
A(N, V, T) = k
B
T lnQ
N
(V, T)
U =

lnQ

N,V
Magnetism
M=
N
V

=
1
V

U
H

N,S
=
1
V

A
H

N,T
=
1
V

z,T
for

= magnetic moment of a particle and H =

H.
1
Grand Canonical
Q(, V, T) =

N
z
N
Q
N
(V, T) with z = e

Classical, identical, noninteracting: Q = e


zQ
1
(V,T)
Quantum, identical, noninteracting: Q =

n
z
n
e

Bosons: n

= 0, 1, 2 . . .
Fermions n

= 0, 1
(, V, T) = kT lnQ
U =

lnQ

z,V
N = z


z
lnQ

V,T
Quantum
n() =
1
z
1
e

1
+ for Fermi, for Bose
N =


0
a()n() d
U =


0
a()n() d
g

(z) =
1
()


0
x
1
z
1
e
x
1
dx = z +
z
2
2

+
z
3
3

+. . . () as z 1
f

(z) =
1
()


0
x
1
z
1
e
x
+ 1
dx = z
z
2
2

+
z
3
3

. . .
(lnz)

( + 1)
as z
dg

dz
=
g
1
(z)
z
df

dz
=
f
1
(z)
z
Math
1
h

e
p
2
/2m
dp =

2mk
B
T
h
2

1/2

() =


0
x
1
e
x
dx
( + 1) = () (n) = (n 1)! (1/2) =

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