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7. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
Some formulae
1. sin
2
x x
e e
hx

= 2. cos
2
x x
e e
hx

+
=
3. tan
x x
x x
e e
hx
e e

=
+
4.
2
cos
x x
ec hx
e e

5.
2
sec
x x
hx
e e

=
+
6. cot
x x
x x
e e
hx
e e

+
=

7.
2 2
cos sin 1 h x h x = 8.
2 2
1 tan sec h x h x =
9.
2 2
cot 1 cos h x ec h x =
10. Prove that
{ }
1 2
sin log 1 h x x x

= + +
Let
1
sin sin h h x y x y

= =

( )
2
4
1
2 2 1
2
y y
y y
e e
x x e xe e
ey

= = = =

( )
( )
2
2
4 4 2 2
2 4 4
2 1 0 1 log 1
2
y y
e
x x
e xe e e x x y x x
+
= = = = + + = + +

{ }
1 2
sin log 1
e
h x x x

= + +
2. Prove that
( )
1 2
cos log 1
e
h x x x

=
Solution:
Let
1
cos cos h x y x hy

= =

1
2
2
y y
y
y
e e
x x e
e

+
= = +

( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
y y y y
xe e e xe = + +

2
2
2 4 4
1
2
y y
x x
e e x x

= =

( )
2 2
1 log 1
y
e
e x x y x x = + = +

( )
1 2
cos log 1
e
h x x x

= +




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3. Prove that
1
1 4
log
2 1
e
x
Tan h x
x

Let
1
tan h Tanh x y x y

= =

1
y y y y
y y y y
e e e e
x
e e x e e


+
= =
+

Using component and dividend

1
1
y y y y
y y y y
x e e e e
x e e e e


+ + +
=
+ +


2
1 2 1
1 2 1
y
y
y
x e x
e
x e x

+ +
= =



1 1 1
2 log
1 2 1
x x
y y
x x
+ + | |
= =
`


) \ .


1
1 1
cot log
2 1
x
h x
x

+
=

2
1
1 1
sec log
x
h x
x

+
=





2
1
1 1
cos log 0
x
ec h x x
x

+
= <




2
1 1
log 0
x
x
x

+
= >




sin ( ) sin cos cosh sin h x y hx hy x hy + = +
sin ( ) sin cos cos sin h x y hx hy hx hy = +
cos ( ) cos cos sin sin h x y hx hy hx hy + = +
cos ( ) cos cos sin sin h x y hx hy hx hy =

2
2
sin 2 2sin cos
1
Tan hx
h x hx hx
Tan h x
= =

2
2 2 2 2
2
1
cosh 2 cosh sinh 2cosh 1 1 2sinh
1
Tanh x
x x x x x
Tanh x
+
= + = = + =

( )
1
Tanhx Tanhy
Tanh x y
TanhxTanhy
+
+

( )
1
Tanhx Tanhy
Tanh x y
TanhxTanhy

+

( )
cot cot 1
cot
cot cot
hx hy
h x y
hy hx
+
+
+

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( )
cot cot 1
cot
cot cot
hx hy
h x y
hy hx

2
2tan
tan 2
1 tanh
hx
h x
x
=
+

2
coth 1
cot 2
2cot
x
h x
hx
+
=
SOME PROBLEMS:
1. If
3
sin
4
hx = find cos 2 sin 2 h x ad h x
Solution:
3
sin
4
hx =
2 2
cos 1 sin h x h x = +
2 2
9 25
cos 1 cos
16 16
h x h x = + =
5
cos
4
hx =
2
3 5 15
sin 2sin cos 2
4 4 8
x hx hx = = =
2 2 2
25 9 34 17
cos cos h sin
16 16 16 8
x x h x = + = + = =
2. If
( )
sin 3 log 3 1 10 hx x = =
Solution:
1
sin 3 sin 3 hx x h

= =

( )
1 2
sin cos 1 h y y y

= + +

{ }
1
sin 3 log 3 9 1 h

= + +

{ }
log 3 10 = +


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3. Prove that (i) Tan h(x-y) =
tan tan
1 tan tan
hx hy
hx hy

R.H.S =
tan tan
1 tan tan
hx hy
hx hy

=
sin sin
cos cos
sin sin
1 .
cos cos
hx hy
hx hy
hx hy
hx hy

sin cos cos sin
cos cos sin sin
hx hy hx hy
hx hy hx hy

=
( )
( )
sin
cos
h x y
h x y

= ( ) tan h x y
(ii)
( )
cot cot 1
cot
cot cot
hx hy
h x y
hy hx

RHS
cos cos
. 1
cot cot 1 sin sin
cos cos
cot cot
sin sin
hx hy
hx hy hx hy
hy hx
hy hx
hy hx

( )
( )
( )
cos cos sin sin
cos
sin sin
cot
sin cos cos sin
sin
sin sin
hx hy hx hy
h x y
hx hy
h x y
hx hy hx hy
h x y
hx hy

= =

4. Prove that ( ) cos sin cos sin
n
hx hx h nx hnx =
Solution:
( ) cos sin
2 2
n
x x x x
n e e e e
hx hx

+
=



=
( )
2
x x x x
x nx
e e e e
e e


+ +
= =



RHS= coshnx-sinhnx =
2 2
nx nx nx nx
e e e e

+

=
2
nx nx nx nx
nx
e e e e
e

+ +
=
(ii) ( ) cos sin cos sin
n
hx hx h nx h nx + = +
LHS =( ) cos sin
n
hx hx + =
( )
2
n
x x x x
n
x
e e e e
e

+ +
=


nx
e =
RHS cos sin
2
nx nx nx nx
nx
e e e e
h nx h nx e

+ +
+ =
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LHS = RHS
5. Prove that
tan tan
sec 1 sec 1
hx hx
hx hx
+
+
= 2cos ec hx =

( ) ( )
( )( )
tan sec 1 tan sec 1 tan tan
sec 1 sec 1 sec 1 sec 1
hx hx hx hx hx hx
hx hx hx hx
+ +
+ =
+ +


{ }
2
tan sec sec
sec 1
hx hx y hx y
h x
+ +

2
2
2tan .sec cos
cos
sin
tanh
cos
hx hx hx
ec hx
hx
x
hx

= =

6. Prove that
cos sin
sin cos
1 tan 1 cot
hx hx
hx hx
hx hx
+ = +


Solution:
cos sin
1 tan 1 cot
hx hx
hx hx
+



cos sin
sin cos
1 1
cos sin
hx hx
hx hx
hx hx
+

=
2 2
cosh sin
cos sin sin cos
x h x
hx hx hx hx
+


=
2 2
cosh sin
cos sin cos sin
x h x
hx hx hx hx

( )( )
( )
2 2
cos sin cos sin cosh sin
cos sin cos sin
hx x hx hx x h x
hx hx hx hx
+
=

= cos sin hx hx +
7. Prove that
4 4 2
cos sin cos h x h x h x =


Solution:
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 2 2
cos sin cos sin h x h x h x h x =

( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 2 2
cos sin cos sin h x h x h x h x =

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
cos sin cos sin h x h x h x h x = +
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=
( )( )
2
cosh 1 cos 2 x h x =

8. If
log tan
4 2
e

| |
= +
`
]
\ )
the prove that cos sec h =
Solution:
log tan
4 2
e

| |
= +
`
]
\ )
tan
4 2
e

= +




1
cot
4 2
e
e

= = +




1
cosh tan cot
2 2 4 2 4 2
e e

+
= = + + +




sin cos
1 4 2 4 2
2
cos sin
4 2 4 2



+ +


= +

+ + +




2 2
sin cos
1 4 2 4 2
2
cos sin
4 2 4 2



+ +


=

+ +




1
2sin cos
4 2 4 2

=

+ +




1 1 1
sec
cos
sin sin 2
4 4 2

= = = =
| | | |
+ +
` ] ]
\ \ )

cos 4 sec h =






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PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE

1. If sin 5 hx = show that
( )
log 5 20 x = +
2. Show that
3 1
1 1
tan h log
2 2
e

=



3. If log cot
4
x

| |
= +
`
]
\ )
then prove that cos sec 2 hx = and sin tan 2 hx =
4. If
5
cos
2
hx = find the values of cos 2 h x and sin 2 h x
5. Prove that
3
sin 3 3sin 4sinh h x hx x = +
6. Prove that
3
2
3tan tanh
tan 3
1 3tan
hx x
h x
h x
+
=
+