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Dna Introduction

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207 views

Dna Introduction

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api-261109653
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 14

STARTUP PROCEDURES

1. Enter the room quietly.


2. Take a warm-up sheet from the front.
3. Take your seat and work on the warm-up
sheet quietly.
4. If you finish early, please sit quietly.
You may read. (No cell phones or
earphones.
DNA: The Molecule
of Heredity
DNA Structure
Deoxyribonucleic
acid.
A macromolecule
composed of two
strands of monomers
called nucleotides.
These strands are
joined in the middle
by hydrogen bonds.
The strands twist
around one another
forming a double
helix.
http://cancergenome.nih.gov/media/DNAKit_illustration_image.jpg

Nucleotide Structure
5-C sugar
deoxyribose
Phosphate
group
Nitrogen
containing base
-4 of two types
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

http://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/drivers/nucleotide.jpg

Types of Nitrogen Bases
Pyrimidines
have one ring in
their structure
Thymine
Cytosine
Purines have
two rings in their
structure
Adenine
Guanine

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/dna/images/DNAbases.jpg

Nitrogen Base Pairing
Bases pair in
a specific
pattern.
A purine
always bonds
to a
pyrimidine
Adenine
bonds to
thymine.
Guanine
bonds to
cytosine.
Nitrogen Base Pairing
The bases are held
together by weak
hydrogen bonds.
The sides of the DNA
ladder are composed
of alternating sugar
and phosphate and
are called
backbones.
Discovery of DNA Structure
This structure was
discovered by the
work of James
Watson and
Francis Crick.
These two
scientists viewed x-
ray images of DNA
crystals that were
created by
Rosalind Franklin
and Maurice
Wilkins.
http://www.peace-files.com/ICELANDIC_FILES/QF-R-08/02_A-DNA-Sagan.gif

Functions of DNA
DNA must be able to copy itself exactly.
- This process is called replication.
- Enzymes control the process.
DNA is the molecule of heredity.
- It provides instructions for cell
functioning and is a blueprint for the
production of proteins that do the work of
the cell.

Replication Overview
DNA unzips
down its H-bonds
One strand then
acts as a template
for the production of
a new strand
Each new DNA
molecule has one old
strand of nucleotides
and one new strand.
Control Of Cell Activities
DNA is copied
into RNA.
(transcription)
RNA in turn
controls the
production of
proteins.
(translation)
Proteins then
do the work of
the cell.
Quick Review

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