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Bbpp-Motivation Chapter 7

This document discusses motivation theories and approaches. It covers classical motivation models like money-based motivation. It also covers need-based approaches including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McClelland's achievement of needs model. Process-based approaches discussed are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory. Each theory is explained briefly with its key aspects. The document provides an overview of important motivation concepts and classical and contemporary motivation theories.

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Azliana Mohd Taib
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106 views

Bbpp-Motivation Chapter 7

This document discusses motivation theories and approaches. It covers classical motivation models like money-based motivation. It also covers need-based approaches including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McClelland's achievement of needs model. Process-based approaches discussed are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, and reinforcement theory. Each theory is explained briefly with its key aspects. The document provides an overview of important motivation concepts and classical and contemporary motivation theories.

Uploaded by

Azliana Mohd Taib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BBPP1103

Chapter 7
motivation
Introduction
William (2000) : Motivation
consists of powers that are
able to move , direct and
enable a person to be diligent
in their effort to achieve goals.
It is different from performance.
Performance = motivation x ability
x situational constraints
Classical model and scientific
management
Rue et al (2000) in his
classical motivation model ,
stated that employees can be
motivated by money.
Scientific management
suggests beyond thatnot
just money
Motivation approach
1.Need-based approach
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Two-factor model
Achievement of needs model

2.Process-based model
Expectancy process
Equity model
Goal-setting model
Reinforcement model
Need-based approach :
1.Maslows hierarchy of needs
Most famous model
An individual has five basic needs which
are physiological needs, safety needs,
social needs, esteem needs and self-
actualization needs.
According to Maslow, when a particular
need has been fulfilled, it will no longer
motivate the behavior of employees.
However, hierarchy level differs between
individuals in different cultural environment.
2.Two factor model -Accepted widely in
the area of management
This model relates between job satisfaction
with productivity.
Two factors are motivation factors and
hygiene factors
Both factors of motivation and hygiene
need to exist together in creating true
motivation
Employees will feel dissatisfied if they
believe that their work place is not safe, but
if the condition of the work place is
improved, employees may not necessarily
become satisfied.
This approach shows that motivation
comes from the individual himself.
3.Achievement of needs
model
Developed by David Mc Clelland
Focus on three important needs : achievement,
affiliation and power
Need for achievement is the desire to perform
something much better and more effectively
than before. The amount of motivation of a person
depends on factors like childhood, personal
experience, education and type of organization
joined.
Needs for affiliation relates to desire to control ,
obtaining power and the ability to influence others.
Needs for social acceptance is the desire of
creating friendly relationship.
In this approach, when strength towards these
needs had been developed, it will be able to
motivate the behavior of individuals.
Process-based approaches
1. Expectancy model
Based on the idea that employee believes
in the association between effort,
performance and result as the
consequences of the value and
performance that they had fixed on the
result.
The level of motivation depends on
expectancy, instrumentality and valence.
To increase the expectancy of employee
that hard work and effort will bring excellent
performance.
2. equity model
Proposed by Stacey Adams
Based on idea that people want to
be treated equally. Inequality exist
when an employee regards that
his/her inputs or contribution receive
less salary, benefits or recognitions
compared to others
To reduce inequality :- employee
might reduce or increase input
Refer pg. 126/270
3. goal-setting model
Motivation model that acts by
increasing the efficiency and
effectiveness by emphasizing
specifically on the outcomes
expected.
An important aspect in this model is
the involvement of employees in the
process of goal-setting.
4. Reinforcement model
Pioneered by B.F Skinner
The core of this theory is the assumption
that the outcomes or consequences of a
persons behavior at present will affect his
or her behavior in the future.
4 types of reinforcement : positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement,
punishment and elimination
Refer pg. 273



The end

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