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Vector Group of Transformer

Vector group notation describes how transformer windings are connected and the phase relationship between voltages. It uses letters for winding configuration (e.g. D for delta, Y for star) and a number indicating phase displacement in 30° increments. Common examples are Dd0 with no displacement between delta windings, Dyn11 where the star winding leads the delta by 30°, and YNd5 where the star winding lags the delta by 150°. The notation helps identify how a transformer will behave in a power system.

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156 views

Vector Group of Transformer

Vector group notation describes how transformer windings are connected and the phase relationship between voltages. It uses letters for winding configuration (e.g. D for delta, Y for star) and a number indicating phase displacement in 30° increments. Common examples are Dd0 with no displacement between delta windings, Dyn11 where the star winding leads the delta by 30°, and YNd5 where the star winding lags the delta by 150°. The notation helps identify how a transformer will behave in a power system.

Uploaded by

junfa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VectorGroupNotationOfTransformer

The vector group denotes the way in which the windings of a transformer are connected and
the phase position of their respective voltage vectors.
The following examples are for two winding three phase transformers:
So, what does Dd0, Dyn11, YNd5 etc. mean?
First symbol/symbols, capital letters: HV winding connection.
Second symbol/symbols, small letters: LV winding connection.
Third symbol, number: Phase displacement expressed as the clock hour number.

Winding connection designations
High Voltage Always capital letters
Delta - D
Star - S
Interconnected star - Z
Neutral brought out - N
Low voltage Always small letters
Delta - d
Star - s
Interconnected star - z
Neutral brought out - n

Phase displacement
Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise. (international adopted convention)
Use the hour indicator as the indicating phase displacement angle. Because there are 12 hours
on a clock, and a circle consists out of 360, each hour represents 30.
Thus 1 =30, 2 =60, 3 =90, 6 =180 and 12 =0 or 360.
The minute hand is set on 12 o'clock and replaces the line to neutral voltage (sometimes
imaginary) of the HV winding. This position is always the reference point.
Because rotation is anti-clockwise, 1 =30 lagging (LV lags HV with 30)and 11 =330
lagging or 30 leading (LV leads HV with 30)



To summarise:

Dd0
Delta connected HV winding, delta connected LV winding, no phase shift between HV and
LV.
Dyn11
Delta connected HV winding, star connected LV winding with neutral brought out, LV is
leading HV with 30
YNd5
Star connected HV winding with neutral brought out, delta connected LV winding, LV lags
HV with 150
Some extra comments:
The phase-bushings on a three phase transformer are marked either ABC, UVW or 123 (HV-
side capital, LV-side small letters)
Two winding, three phase transformers can be devided into four main categories (Clock hour
number and phase displacement of those most frequently encountered in practice in brackets)
Group I - (0 o'clock, 0) - delta/delta, star/star
Group II - (6 o'clock, 180) - delta/delta, star/star
Group III - (1 o'clock, -30) - star/delta, delta/star
Group IV - (11 o'clock, +30) - star/delta, delta/star
(Minus indicates LV lagging HV, plus indicates LV leading HV)
Group I
Example: Dd0 (no phase displacement between HV and LV)
The conventional method is to connect the red phase on A/a, Yellow phase on B/b, and the
Blue phase on C/c. Other phase displacements are possible with unconventional connections
(for instance red on b, yellow on c and blue on a) By doing some unconventional connections
externally on one side of the trsf, an internal connected Dd0 transformer can be changed
either to a Dd4(-120) or Dd8(+120) connection. The same is true for internal connected
Dd4 or Dd8 transformers.
Group II
Example: Dd6 (180 displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dd6 transformer can be changed either to a Dd2(-60) or Dd10(+60) connection.
Group III
Example: Dyn1 (-30 displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dyn1 transformer can be changed either to a Dyn5(-150) or Dyn9(+90)
connection.
Group IV
Example: Dyn11 (+30 displacement between HV and LV)
By doing some unconventional connections externally on one side of the trsf, an internal
connected Dyn11 transformer can be changed either to a Dyn7(+150) or Dyn3(-90)
connection.
Additional Note
By doing some unconventional connections externally on both sides of the trsf, an internal
connected groupIII or groupIV transformer can be changed to any of these two groups. Thus,
an internal connected Dyn1 transformer can be changed to either a: Dyn3, Dyn5, Dyn7, Dyn9
or Dyn11 transformer, by doing external changes on both sides of the trsf. This is just true for
star/delta or delta/star connections.
Changes for delta/delta or star/star transformers between groupI and groupII can just be done
internally.
The vector group denotes the way in which the windings are connected and the phase
position of their respective voltage vectors. It consists of letters identifying the configuration
of the phase windings and the number indicating the phase angle between the phase-to-
neutral voltages of the windings.
The ANSI notations are not identical to the IEC marketplace (See ANSI/IEEE Std C57.70).
For the IEC marketplace the winding connections are categorized as follows:
a) Delta (D,d)
b) Start (Y,y)
c) Interconnected Star (Z,z)
d) Open (III, iii)
IEC NOTATION:
Capital Letter =HV winding, lower case letter =MV or LV winding.
Number =multiple of 30o denotes the angle by which the vector of LV winding lags that of
the HV winding

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