2.

The following sentences are either tautologies (analytic), contradictions, or situationally

true or false. Write T by the tautologies, C by the contradictions and S by the other
sentences.

a. Queens are monarchs. T
b. Kings are female. C
c. Kings are poor. C
d. Queens are ugly. S
e. Queens are mothers. T
f. Kings are mothers. C
g. Dogs are four-legged. T
h. Cats are felines. T
i. Cats are stupid. S
j. Dogs are carnivores. T
k. George Washington is George Washington. T
l. George Washington is the first president. T
m. George Washington is male.
n. Uncles are male. T
o. My aunt is a man. C
p. Witches are wicked. T
q. My brother is a witch. C
r. My sister is an only child. C
s. The evening star isnt the evening star. C
t. The evening star isnt Venus. S
u. Babies are adults. C
v. Babies can lift one ton. C
w. Puppies are human. C
x. My bachelor friends are all married. C
y. My bachelor friends are all lonely. T
z. Colorless ideas are green. C
3. You are in a village in which every man must be shaved, and in which the lone (male)
barber shaves all and only the men who do not shave themselves. Formulate a paradox
based on this situation.

A: There is a village in which all men must be shaved but none is a barber and the only
barber only shaves other barbers.




11. There are several kinds of antonyms. By writing a c, g, or r in column C, indicate
whether the pairs in columns A and B are complementary, gradable, or relational
opposites.

Good bad _G_
Expensive cheap _G_
Parent offspring _R_
Beautiful ugly _G_
False true _C_
Lessor lessee _R_
Pass fail _C_
Hot cold _G_
Legal illegal _C_
Larger smaller _G_
Poor rich _G_
Fast slow _G_
Asleep awake _C_
Husband wife _R_
Rude polite G_
12. For each definition, write in the first blank the word that has that meaning and in the
second (and third if present) a differently spelled homonym that has a different meaning.
The first letter of the words is provided.

a. Naked: bare bear
b. Base metal: lead led
c. Worships: praise price prays
d. Eight bits: bit bitt bit
e. One of five senses: sight site cite
f. Several couples: pairs pares pears
g. Not pretty: plain plane
h. Purity of gold unit: karat carat
i. A horses coiffure: mane main Maine
j. Sets loose: frees freeze frieze
13. Go on an idiom hunt. In the course of some hours in which you converse or overhear
conversations, write down all the idioms that are used. If you prefer, watch soap operas or
something similar for an hour or two and write down the idioms. Show your parents (or
whomever) this book when they find you watching TV and you claim youre doing your
homework.
Acquire a taste for (something)
- to develop a liking for some kind of food or drink or something else
My friend has recently acquired a taste for classical music.

apple of (someone`s) eye
- someone or something that one likes a lot or likes more than others
The little girl is the apple of her grandfather`s eye.

as black as a skillet
- very black
The little boy's feet were as black as a skillet.

as busy as popcorn on a skillet
- very active
The children were as busy as popcorn on a skillet when the teacher entered the
classroom.

as cool as a cucumber
- to be calm, to be not nervous or anxious
The man is as cool as a cucumber and never worries about anything.

as easy as apple pie
- very easy
The test that I wrote yesterday was as easy as apple pie.

as easy as duck soup
- very easy
It was as easy as duck soup to find the book that I wanted in the library.

as flat as a pancake
- very flat
The child's toy was as flat as a pancake after the car drove over it.

as hungry as a bear
- very hungry
I was as hungry as a bear when I returned home from work yesterday.


as nutty as a fruitcake
- silly, crazy
The man in the supermarket was as nutty as a fruitcake.

as red as a cherry
- bright red
My new sweater is as red as a cherry.

as slow as molasses in January
- very slow
The little boy is as slow as molasses in January and he never gets his work finished on
time.

as sour as vinegar
- sour and disagreeable
The old man next door is as sour as vinegar.

17. A criterion of a performative utterance is whether you can begin it with I hereby.
Notice that if you say sentence (a) aloud, it sounds like a genuine apology, but to say
sentence (b) aloud sounds funny because you cannot willfully perform an act of
recognition:
a. I hereby apologize to you.
b. I hereby recognize you.
Determine which of the following performative sentences are by inserting hereby and
seeing whether they sound right.

c. I (hereby) testify that she met the agent. Good Sounds
d. I (hereby) know that she met the agent. Sounds Bad
e. I (hereby) suppose the Yankees will win. Sounds Bad
f. He (hereby) bet her $2,500 that Bush would win. Sounds Bad
g. I (hereby) dismiss the class. Sounds Good
h. I (hereby) teach the class. Sounds Bad
i. We (hereby) promise to leave early. Sounds Bad
j. I (hereby) owe the IRS $1 million. Sounds Bad
k. I (hereby) bequeath $1 million to the IRS. Sounds Good
l. I (hereby) swore I didnt do it. Sounds Bad
m. I (hereby) swear I didnt do it. Sounds Good