TECHNO INDIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

New Town, Mega City, Rajarhat, Kolkata 700156

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
PO!ECT EPOT ON
A"TO#ATIC TE#PEAT"E CONTOLLE $ITH COOLING
%Y%TE# "%ING #ICOCONTOLLE
\
Under the supervision of
#r& a'i( )arui
%u(mitted )*+
,-& Arun )era .-& C/andra Pra0as/
1-& %onal 2umar 3-& a0es/ #is/ra
4-& #u0es/ 2umar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards
Mr. Rajib arui! our project guide for his able guidance!
co"prehensive suggestions and tre"endous technical
support to "ake this project a realit#.
We also extend our profound gratitude to $r %anjib %il!
Head O !e"art#ent, $C$, for his co"prehensive
suggestions and support to co"plete this project
successfull#.
We would also like to thank the other facult# "e"bers
who have helped us whenever we needed an# t#pe of
assistance.
$ate& '(
th
Ma#! )'**
*. +run era
). %onal ,u"ar
-. Mukesh ,u"ar
.. /handra 0rakash
1. Rakesh Mishra
A)%TACT+5
2his project is designed to control the roo" te"perature auto"aticall# for those te"perature
sensitive instru"ents and an# other industrial applications. 2his circuit co"prises of
Microcontroller +234%1)! +nalog to $igital /onverter +$/'3'.! 2e"perature sensor 5M-1!
*(6) 5/$! $arlington pair 7/1.8! %5*''9! Rela#! u::er! etc. 2his circuit displa#s the current
te"perature and an# change in te"perature. 2his circuit concerns over the roo" te"perature! if
the te"perature goes over a certain li"it which is fixed here at .1 / then the cooler is set ;<
and it will re"ain ;< until the roo" te"perature drops below -1 /. =f the roo" te"perature for
an# reason does not drop down and crosses certain higher te"perature! fixed here at 1' C the
alarm will be set ON.
INDE6
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)loc0 Diagram+5
Relay
Darlingt
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pair
#ICOCONTOLLE AT89%31 +
2he +234%1) is a lowBpower! highBperfor"ance /M;% 3Bbit "icrocontroller with 3
,b#tes of inBs#ste" progra""able ?lash "e"or#. 2he device is "anufactured using
+t"elEs highBdensit# nonvolatile "e"or# technolog# and is co"patible with the
industr#Bstandard 3'/1* instruction set and
pin out. 2he onBchip ?lash allows the
progra" "e"or# to be reprogra""ed inB
s#ste" or b# a conventional nonvolatile
"e"or# progra""er. # co"bining a
versatile 3Bbit /0U with inBs#ste"
progra""able ?lash on a "onolithic chip!
the +t"el +234%1) is a powerful
"icrocontroller which provides a highl#B
flexible and costBeffective solution to "an#
e"bedded control applications. 2he
+234%1) provides the following standard
features& 3, b#tes of ?lash! )1( b#tes of
R+M! -) =F; lines! Watchdog ti"er! two
data pointers! three *(Bbit ti"erFcounters! a sixBvector twoBlevel interrupt architecture! a
full duplex serial port! onBchip oscillator! and clock circuitr#. =n addition! the +234%1) is
designed with static logic for
operation down to :ero
freGuenc# and supports two
software selectable power
saving "odes. 2he =dle Mode
stops the /0U while allowing
the R+M! ti"erFcounters!
serial port! and interrupt
s#ste" to continue
functioning. 2he 0owerBdown
"ode saves the R+M
contents but free:es the
oscillator! disabling all other
chip functions until the next
interrupter hardware reset.
Pin Description
:CC+ 5 %uppl# voltage.
GND+ 5 >round.
Port ;+5
0ort ' is an 3Bbit open drain bidirectional =F; port. +s an output port! each pin can sink
eight 225 inputs. When *s are written to port ' pins! the pins can be used as high
i"pedance inputs. 0ort ' can also be configured to be the "ultiplexed lowBorder
addressFdata bus during accesses to external progra" and data "e"or#. =n this "ode! 0'
has internal pullBups. 0ort ' also receives the code b#tes during ?lash progra""ing and
outputs the code b#tes during progra" verification. E<ternal pull5ups are re=uired
during program 7erification.
Port ,+5
0ort * is an 3Bbit bidirectional =F; port with internal pullBups. 2he 0ort * output buffers
can sinkFsource four 225 inputs. When *s are written to 0ort * pins! the# are pulled high
b# the internal pullBups and can be used as inputs. +s inputs! 0ort * pins that are
externall# being pulled low will source current 7==59 because of the internal pullBups. =n
addition! 0*.' and 0*.* can be configured to be the ti"erFcounter ) external count input
70*.'F2)9 and the ti"erFcounter ) trigger input 70*.*F2)AH9! respectivel#! as shown in
the following table. 0ort * also receives the lowBorder address b#tes during ?lash
progra""ing and verification.
Port 1+5
0ort ) is an 3Bbit bidirectional =F; port with internal pullBups. 2he 0ort ) output buffers
can sinkFsource four 225 inputs. When *s are written to 0ort ) pins! the# are pulled high
b# the internal pullBups and can be used as inputs. +s inputs! 0ort ) pins that are
externall# being pulled low will source current 7==59 because of the internal pullBups. 0ort
) e"its the highBorder address b#te during fetches fro" external progra" "e"or# and
during accesses to external data "e"or# that uses *(Bbit addresses 7M;IH J$02R9. =n
this application! 0ort ) uses strong internal pullBups when e"itting *s. $uring accesses to
external data "e"or# that uses 3Bbit addresses 7M;IH J R=9! 0ort ) e"its the contents
of the 0) %pecial ?unction Register. 0ort ) also receives the highBorder address bits and
so"e control signals during ?lash progra""ing and verification.
Port 4+5
0ort - is an 3Bbit bidirectional =F; port with internal pullBups. 2he 0ort - output buffers
can sinkFsource four 225 inputs. When *s are written to 0ort - pins! the# are pulled high
b# the internal pullBups and can be used as inputs. +s inputs! 0ort - pins that are
externall# being pulled low will source current 7==59 because of the pullBups.
%T+5
Reset input. + high on this pin for two "achine c#cles while the oscillator is running
resets the device. 2his pin drives high for 43 oscillator periods after the Watchdog ti"es
out. 2he $=%R2; bit in %?R +UHR 7address 3AK9 can be used to disable this feature. =n
the default state of bit $=%R2;! the RA%A2 K=>K out feature is enabled. ALE>POG
+ddress 5atch Anable 7+5A9 is an output pulse for latching the low b#te of the address
during accesses to external "e"or#. 2his pin is also the progra" pulse input 70R;>9
during ?lash progra""ing. =n nor"al operation! +5A is e"itted at a constant rate of *F(
the oscillator freGuenc# and "a# be used for external ti"ing or clocking purposes. <ote!
however! that one +5A pulse is skipped during each access to external data "e"or#. =f
desired! +5A operation can be disabled b# setting bit ' of %?R location 3AK. With the bit
set! +5A is active onl# during a M;IH or M;I/ instruction. ;therwise! the pin is
weakl# pulled high. %etting the +5ABdisable bit has no effect if the "icrocontroller is in
external execution "ode.
P%EN+5
0rogra" %tore Anable 70%A<9 is the read strobe to external progra" "e"or#. When the
+234%1) is executing code fro" external progra" "e"or#! 0%A< is activated twice
each "achine c#cle! except that two 0%A< activations are skipped during each access to
external data "e"or#.
EA>:PP+5
Axternal +ccess Anable. A+ "ust be strapped to ><$ in order to enable the device to
fetch code fro" external progra" "e"or# locations starting at ''''K up to ????K.
<ote! however! that if lock bit * is progra""ed! A+ will be internall# latched on reset.
A+ should be strapped to I// for internal progra" executions. 2his pin also receives the
*)Bvolt progra""ing enable voltage 7I009 during ?lash 0rogra""ing.
6TAL,+5
=nput to the inverting oscillator a"plifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
6TAL1+5
;utput fro" the inverting oscillator a"plifier.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CON:ETE+5
2he +$/'3'H fa"il# are /M;% 3Bit! successive approxi"ation +F$ converters which
use a "odified potentio"etric ladder and are designed to operate with the 3'3'+ control
bus via threeBstate outputs. 2hese
converters appear to the
processor as "e"or# locations or
=F; ports! and hence no
interfacing logic is reGuired. 2he
differential analog voltage input
has good co""on "ode
Brejection and per"its offsetting
the analog :eroBinput voltage
value. =n addition! the voltage
reference input can be adjusted to
allow encoding an# s"aller
analog voltage span to the full 3
bits of resolution.
Features +5
L 3'/.3 and 3'/3'F31 us /o"patible B <o =nterfacing 5ogic ReGuired
L /onversion 2i"e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M*''Ns
L Aas# =nterface to Most Microprocessors
L Will ;perate in a %tand +lone Mode
L $ifferential +nalog Ioltage =nputs
L Works with andgap Ioltage References
L 225 /o"patible =nputs and ;utputs
L ;nB/hip /lock >enerator
L +nalog Ioltage =nput Range
7%ingle O 1I %uppl#9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'I to 1I
L <o DeroB+djust ReGuired.
ADC INTEFACING+
TE#PEAT"E %EN%O L#543 +5
General Description
2he 5M-1 series are precision integratedBcircuit te"perature
sensors! whose output voltage is linearl# proportional to the
/elsius 7/entigrade9 te"perature. 2he 5M-1 thus has an
advantage over linear te"perature sensors calibrated in P
,elvin! as the user is not reGuired to subtract a large
constant voltage fro" its output to obtain convenient
/entigrade scaling. 2he 5M-1 does not reGuire an# external
calibration or tri""ing to provide t#pical accuracies of
Q*R.P/ at roo" te"perature and Q-R.P/ over a full S11 to
O*1'P/ te"perature range. 5ow cost is
assured b# tri""ing and calibration at the
wafer level. 2he 5M-1Es low output
i"pedance! linear output! and precise
inherent calibration "ake interfacing to
readout or control circuitr# especiall# eas#.
=t can be used with single power supplies!
or with plus and "inus supplies. +s it
draws onl# (' N+ fro" its suppl#! it has
ver# low selfBheating! less than '.*P/ in
still air. 2he 5M-1 is rated to operate over
a S11P to O*1'P/ te"perature range! while
the 5M-1/ is rated for a S.'P to O**'P/ range 7S*'P with i"proved accurac#9. 2he
5M-1 series is available packaged in her"etic 2;B.( transistor packages! while the
5M-1/! 5M-1/+! and 5M-1$ are also available in the plastic 2;B4) transistor
package. 2he 5M-1$ is also available in an 3Blead surface "ount s"all outline package
and a plastic 2;B))' package.
Features
*. /alibrated directl# in P /elsius 7/entigrade9
). 5inear O *'.' "IFP/ scale factor
-. '.1P/ accurac# guarantee able 7at O)1P/9
4. Rated for full S11P to O*1'P/ range
1. %uitable for re"ote applications
(. 5ow cost due to waferBlevel tri""ing
8. ;perates fro" . to -' volts
3. 5ess than (' N+ current drain
4. 5ow selfBheating! '.'3P/ in still air
*'. <onlinearit# onl# Q*R.P/ t#pical
11. 5ow i"pedance output! '.* W for * "+ load
LI?"ID CY%TAL
DI%PLAY@,ABLCD- +5
FEAT"E%
L 1 x 3 dots with cursor
L uiltBin controller 7,% ''(( or
AGuivalent9
L O 1I power suppl# 7+lso available for
O -I9
L *F*( dut# c#cle
L F5 to be driven b# pin *! pin ) or pin
*1! pin *( or +., 75A$9
L <.I. optional for O -I power suppl#
,AB1 LCD INTEFACING+
DALINGTONPAI +5
2he $arlington pair is basicall# a co"bination of two
bipolar transistors connected as shown. =n $arlington
pair! two transistors connected together so that the
current a"plified b# the first is a"plified further b#
the second transistor. 2he overall current gain is
eGual to the two individual gains "ultiplied together.
$arlington pair current gain! h?A T h?A*U ?A)
7h?A* and h?A) are the gains of the individual
transistors9.
2o turn on two transistors 2R* and 2R) at the sa"e
ti"e there "ust be '.8I across baseBe"itter junctions
of both the transistors. 2o put it si"pl#! *..I is
reGuired to turn two transistors on at sa"e ti"e.
$arlington pairs are available as co"plete packages in the "arket but #ou can "ake up
#our own fro" two transistorsV 2R* can be a low power t#pe! but nor"all# 2R) will
need to be high power. 2he "axi"u" collector current =
c
7"ax9 for the pair is the sa"e as
=
c
7"ax9 for 2R).
Transistor&B*. /1.8
). %5*''
)"CCE +5 =t is an electrical u::er.=t reGuires 1v W *) v for operation.
CIC"IT DIAGA# +

POGA# +
XincludeMreg1*.hY
Xdefine ldata 0'
Xdefine U02AM0 .1
Xdefine $;W<2AM0 -1
Xdefine +5 1'
sbit rs T 0)Z-V
sbit rw T 0)Z)V
sbit en T 0)Z*V
sbit adc[readT 0-Z.V
sbit adc[writeT 0-Z-V
sbit adc[intrT 0-Z1V
sbit outputT0-Z8V
sbit alar" T0-Z(V
bit loadonT'V
void dela#7int ti"e9
\
int i!jV
for7iT'ViM*)8ViOO9
\
for7jT'VjMti"eVjOO9
\
]
]
]
void lcd[data7unsigned char a9
\
rsT*V
ldataTaV
enT*V
dela#7*9V
enT'V
dela#7*9V
]
void lcd[c"d7unsigned char a9
\
rsT'V
ldataTaV
enT*V
dela#7*9V
enT'V
dela#7*9V
]
void lcd[string7char Us9
\
while7Us9
\
lcd[data7Us9V
sOOV
]
]
void lcd[init79
\
lcd[c"d7'x-39V
lcd[c"d7'x'e9V
lcd[c"d7'x'*9V
lcd[c"d7'x'/9V
lcd[c"d7'x3'9V
]
void "ain79
\
unsigned char valT'!te"pT'V
unsigned int xT'V
float te"p*V
outputT'V
alar"T*V
rwT'V
lcd[init79V
lcd[string7^ WA5/;MA_^9V
lcd[c"d7'x/'9V
lcd[string7^2AM0. MA2AR^9V
adc[readT*V
adc[writeT*V
dela#7*'''9V
lcd[c"d7'x'*9V
while7*9
\
dela#7*''9V
adc[readT*V
adc[writeT'V
dela#7*9V
adc[writeT*V
while7adc[intrTT*9V
adc[readT'V
valT0*V
te"p*T77float9valF)119U*''.''V
xOT7int9te"p*V
dela#7*'9V
dela#7*''9V
adc[readT*V
adc[writeT'V
dela#7*9V
adc[writeT*V
while7adc[intrTT*9V
adc[readT'V
valT0*V
te"p*T77float9valF)119U*''.''V
xOT7int9te"p*V
dela#7*'9V
dela#7*''9V
adc[readT*V
adc[writeT'V
dela#7*9V
adc[writeT*V
while7adc[intrTT*9V
adc[readT'V
valT0*V
te"p*T77float9valF)119U*''.''V
xOT7int9te"p*V
te"pTxF-V
xT'V
if7te"pYTU02AM0 CC loadonTT'9
\
outputT*V
loadonT*V
]
if7te"pMT$;W<2AM0 CC loadonTT*9
\
outputT'V
loadonT'V
]
if7te"pYT+59
\
alar"T'V
]
lcd[c"d7'x3'9V
lcd[string7^2AM0T ^9V
lcd[data77te"pF*'9`*'O.39V
lcd[data7te"p`*'O.39V
lcd[string7^ $A>. /^9V
lcd[c"d7'x/'9V
if7loadonTT*9
\
lcd[string7^/;;5AR ;< ^9V
]
else
\
lcd[string7^/;;5AR ;??^9V
]
lcd[c"d7'x3'9V
]
]
CONCL"%ION +
#ain features of t/e circuit are
,- 2he instru"entEs "ain control circuit e"plo#s "icroBcontroller s#ste" and large scale
integrated circuit. =t adopts "anB"achine dialogue interface and large screen 5/ character
displa# technolog# and is pro"inent in displa#! convenient in operation and hand#.
1- %table and reliable te"perature control s#ste". =t has auto"atic control circuit!
4- %table and reliable air flow s#ste" using fan.
..9/an be i"ple"ented wherever necessar#.
F"T"E DE:ELOP#ENT
L We will also connect an auto"atic dialer to our /ircuit. When the te"perature will be so
"uch i.e. greater than certain te"p. it will auto"aticall# dial a nu"ber.
L We will interface a ,e#board so that we can change the range of the te"perature in the
field i.e. field progra""able.
BIBLEOGRAPHY
www.wikepedia.com
The 8!1 microcontroller by "a#idi and "a#idi
8!1 t$torial %rom www.8!&.com
www.datasheets4$.com