ERLANG CHEAT SHEET V1.

0
Marouan OMEZZINE (marouan.omezzine[~at~]gmail[~dot~]com) http://www.myownpercept.com/2009/03/erlang-cheat-sheet/
SAMPLE MODULE
-module(foo).
-export([sayhi/0]).
% This is a comment.
sayhi() ->
io:format("Happy Erlanging!~n" ).
GETTING HELP
erl -man <module_name>
CASE EXPRESSIONS
case Expression of
Pattern1 [when Guard1] -> Expr_seq1;
Pattern2 [when Guard2] -> Expr_seq2;
...
end
IF EXPRESSIONS
if
Guard1 ->
Expr_seq1;
Guard2 ->
Expr_seq2;
...
end
TERM COMPARISONS
X > Y X is greater than Y.
X < Y X is less than Y.
X =< Y X is equal to or less than Y.
X >= Y X is greater than or equal to Y.
X == Y X is equal to Y.
X /= Y X is not equal to Y.
X =:= Y X is identical to Y.
X =/= Y X is not identical to Y.
IO
Io:format( I am ~s~n, [String]).
Io:fwrite(I am ~s~n, [String]).
~n : new line | ~s : string |~f => float |~w :
standard output |~p : like ~w but breaks after each
line
LIST
ListA = [1,2,3,4].
Returns [1,2,3,4]
ListB = [1+7,hello,2-2,{cost, apple, 30-20},3].
Returns [8,hello,0,{cost,apple,10},3]
[H|T] = ListA.
Returns the Head and Tail.
Comprehensions
L = [ X*X || X <- [1,2,3] ].
Or lists:map(fun(X) -> X*X end, [1,2,3])
This gives the output: [1,4,9]
Simple Comprehensions
L = [ {X,Y} || X <- [1,2,3,4], Y <- [1,2,3,4],
X*X == Y].
This gives the output: [ {1,1}, {2,4} ]
Permutations
[ [X]++[Y] || X<-"HT", Y<-"HT"].
Returns ["HH","HT","TH","TT"]
++
[1,2] ++ [2,3]. returns [1,2,2,3]
--
[1,2,3] --[2]. returns [1,3]
TUPLE
T= {1.9, 22, 3.99}
element(2, T) returns 22 (2 is the index)
{_, Val, _} pattern matching to retrieve a value
RECORDS
Define a record
-record( person, {name, surname} ).
Create an instance of a record
M=#person{name="Marouan",surname="O"}.
Access a single field in a record
M#person.name.
Extracting multiple fields
# person { name=A, surname=B } = M.
STRING BASICS
Str = "The \\n escape sequence escapes a line"
lists:sort("CBDbaazerty").returns
"BCDaabertyz".
lists:subtract("abcd", "ab"). returns "cd".
lists:suffix(".mp3", "music.mp3"). returns true.
lists:nth(1, "ABC"). returns 65 (1 is the index).
length("ABC").returns 3.
lists:duplicate(5, $*). returns"*****"
string:chars($*, 5).returns "*****"
lists:append(["Happy ", "Erlanging",
"!"]).returns "Happy Erlanging!"
ESCAPE SEQUENCE
\b Backspace
\d Delete
\e Escape
\f Form feed
\n New line
\r Carriage return
\s Space
\t Tab
\v Vertical tab
\NNN \NN \N Octal characters (N is 0..7)
\^a..\^z or \^A..\^Z Ctrl+A to Ctrl+Z
\ Single quote
\" Double quote
\\ Backslash
\C The ASCII code for C (C is a character) (An
integer)
ERLANG SHELL:
init:stop(). shutdown cleanly.
erlang:system_info(version). the erts
i
version
init:script_id().the major Release version.
b(). display all variable bindings.
e(N). repeat the expression in query <N>.
f(). forget all variable bindings.
f(X). forget the binding of variable X.
h().history.
history(N). set how many previous commands to
keep.
results(N). set how many previous command results
to keep.
v(N). use the value of query <N>.
rd(R,D) . define a record.
rf(). remove all record information.
rf(R). remove record information about R.
rl(). display all record information.
rl(R). display record information about R.
rp(Term). display Term using the shell's record
information.
rr(File). read record information from File
(wildcards allowed).
rr(F,R). read selected record information from file(s).
rr(F,R,O). read selected record information with
options.
** commands in module c **
bt(Pid). stack backtrace for a process.
c(File). compile and load code in <File>.
cd(Dir). change working directory.
flush(). flush any messages sent to the shell.
help() . help info.
i().information about the system.
ni().information about the networked system.
i(X,Y,Z). information about pid <X,Y,Z>.
l(Module). load or reload module.
lc([File]). compile a list of Erlang modules.
ls(). list files in the current directory.
ls(Dir). list files in directory <Dir>.
m().which modules are loaded.
m(Mod). information about module <Mod>.
memory(). memory allocation information.
memory(T). memory allocation information of type
<T>.
nc(File). compile and load code in <File> on all
nodes
nl(Module). load module on all nodes
pid(X,Y,Z). convert X,Y,Z to a Pid.
pwd().print working directory.
q(). quit - shorthand for init:stop().
regs(). information about registered processes.
nregs(). information about all registered processes.
xm(M). cross reference check a module.
y(File). generate a Yecc parser.
** commands in module i **
ih(). print help for the i module.
FUNCTIONS
Anonymous:
Z = fun(X) -> 2*X end.
Named functions:
cube(X) -> X*X .
BIF: BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
BIF list:
http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html
DATES AND TIME
{Date={Year,Month,Day},Time={Hour,
Minutes,Seconds}} = erlang:localtime().
{{2006,9,25},{4,34,29}}
b().
Date = {2006,9,25}
Day = 25
Hour = 4
Minutes = 34
Seconds = 29
Time = {4,35,50}
Year = 2006
CRASH DUMP ANALYZER
Summary : Analyzing the erl_crash.dump after a
crash.
webtool:start().
RUN_ERL
Summary : Redirect Erlang input and output
streams.
run_erl [-daemon] pipe_dir/ log_dir
"exec command [command_arguments]"
FILE TYPES
module .erl
include file .hrl
release resource file .rel
application resource file .app
boot script .script
binary boot script .boot
configuration file .config
application upgrade file .appup
release upgrade file relup



i
Erlang Run-Time System