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Test #2 Solution

This document contains solutions to exam problems involving physics concepts like electromagnetic waves, reflection, refraction, and polarization. Problem 1 involves solving for the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide. Problem 2 calculates properties of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a charged particle moving in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. Problem 3 analyzes the vibrational modes and energy of a vibrating string. Problem 4 examines reflection, refraction, polarization, and critical angle effects at the interface between two media.

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Leidy Pérez Rebullén
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© © All Rights Reserved
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48 views

Test #2 Solution

This document contains solutions to exam problems involving physics concepts like electromagnetic waves, reflection, refraction, and polarization. Problem 1 involves solving for the electric and magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide. Problem 2 calculates properties of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a charged particle moving in a circular path due to the Lorentz force. Problem 3 analyzes the vibrational modes and energy of a vibrating string. Problem 4 examines reflection, refraction, polarization, and critical angle effects at the interface between two media.

Uploaded by

Leidy Pérez Rebullén
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Physics 8.03
Exam 2 Solutions
Tuesday, November 23, 2004
Solution for Problem 1
(a) Boundary condition is E
y
= 0 at x= 0, L
E(x,z,t) = E
0
sin(k
x
x)cos(t+k
z
z) (1) y
n
for the n
th
mode, k
x
=
L
, where n= 1,2,3. . .
B
(b) Faradays law

E =

E
y

E =
E
y
z x
x z
z+k
z
E
0
sin(k
x
x) sin(t+k
z
z) = k
x
E
0
cos(k
x
x)cos(t+k
z
z) x (2)
B(x,z,t) =
k
z
E
0
sin(k
x
x)cos(t+k
z
z) z

x
k
x
E
0
cos(k
x
x) sin(t+k
z
z) (3)

n
again for the n
th
mode, k
x
=
L
, where n= 1,2,3. . .
(
n
(c)
2
=c
2
(k
2
+k
z
2
) =c
L
)
2
+k
2
x z

2

1/2

2
n

1/2
1

nc
(4) k
z
= =
c
2
L c L
Phase velocity
kc c
v
pz
= = =

2

1/2
(5)
k
z
k
z

nc
L
Group velocity

2

1/2
d k
z
c c
2
c

nc
(6) v
grz
= = =k
z
=
dk
z
k L
c
(d) n= 1, k
z
= 0, =
L
(e) Now =k
z
c v
pz
=c and v
grz
=c.
There is No dispersion!
There is No cut-o frequency!
1


Solution to Problem 2
(a) The force applied to this charged particle is
F =q(v

B) = ma (7)
which equals the centripetal force for the circular motion, that is,
2
m|a|=m
v
0
(8)
R
At t= 0, v

B =v
0
B
0
(y), therefore
2
v
qv
0
B
0
=m
0
R=
mv
0
(9)
R qB
0
(b) v
0
=R =
qB
0
m
(c) The acceleration of the particle
2
a(t) =
v
0
sin(t) y xcos(t)
R
v
0
qB
0
= sin(t) y x+cos(t) (10)
m
(d) Observer at +r
0
z, t

=t
r
c
0
v
0
qB
0
a

= sin(t

) y x+cos(t

) (11)
m
Thus
2
E(t) =
q v
0
B
0
sin(t

) y

x+cos(t

) (12)
4
0
c
2
mr
0
It is circularly polarized radiation.
(e) The radiation is elliptically polarized.
2

Solution to Problem 3
(a) At t=0, all energy is potential.
Potential energy density (see French 7-32)

2
dU

1 y
(13) = T
dx 2 x
Energy conservation gives

L
2
1
E
total
=U(t= 0) = T
y
dx (14)
2
0
x
where

2
=

2x

x
(15) cos + cos
x L L L L

2
y
The cross term in will NOT contribute to the integral

0
L
, thus
x

L

L
1
2
2

2x

x
2
E
total
= T
L
2
16 cos dx+ 9 cos dx
2
0
L L
0
25T
2
= (16)
4L
(b) The displacement at time t is obtained as following:
v2 2v T
= , = , v = (17)

2 2

1
= v= v,
2
= 2
1
= v (18)
2L L L
at t=0, the string stands still, thus

x

2x
y(x,t) = 3 sin cos(
1
t) + 2 sin cos(
2
t) (19)
L L
2 standing waves.
2
(c) After a time

1
, the shape 1 has made one complete oscillation. In that same time, shape
2L
has made two complete oscillations. Thus, after
2
=
v
=
2L
seconds, the shape will be the

1
v
same as at time t= 0.
3
2
Solution to Problem 4
(a) Reection at normal incidence:
E
r
n
1
n
2
= =0.2 (20)
E
i
n
1
+n
2
Thus 4% will be reected. There is no dierence between the and the components.

2
Er
The ratio of light intensity (W/m
2
) is
E
i
= 0.04=4%.
(b) The reected and the transmitted light is still circularly polarized as r and t are the same for
the and components at normal incidence.
(c) Light intensity is the product of the Poynting vector and the cross-sectional area of the light
beam. Asthelightenterstheprism,thecross-sectionalareaisthesameasthatoftheincident
beambecause
1
=
2
= 0.
<

B > |E|n
< S >=
E

, |B|=
|E|
= (21)

0
v c
< E
i
2
> n
1
< E
t
2
> n
2
< S
i
>= , < S
t
>= , n
1
= 1, n
2
= 1.5 (22)

0
c
0
c
Since
Et
=
2n
1
= 0.8,
E
i
n
1
+n
2
< S
t
>
= (0.8)
2
1.5 = 0.96 (23)
< S
i
>
96% enters!
4
(d) At the surface AC, 100% of the light will be reected. The angle of incidence,
1
, is larger
than the critical angle.

1
= 45

crit
= 41.8

sin
crit
=
n
2
=
1.0
(24)
n
1
1.5
Remember, 1 is where you are, 2 is where you are going.
n
1
n
2
(e) The reection r=
n
1
+n
2
= 0.2, thus 4% will be reected.
This is 4% of the 96% of I
0
.
Thus 96% (of 96%) will emerge in air.
5

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