SQL

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SQL
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o cI_gxa SQL


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Teachers Courses Students Term
* TeacherCode * CourseCode * StudentCode

* StudentCode
TeacherName CourseName

StudentName

* CourseCode
Phone Dep

Adrs

* TeacherCode
Salary Unit

Sex

Grade


City



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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>

Example :
Select TeacherCode,TeacherName
From Teachers

Select StudentName
From Students
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Select *
From Courses

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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name> Where <Condition>

Example :

Select TeacherCode,TeacherName
From Teachers
Where TeacherCode>100


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Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode>10 Or StudentName='Ali'

Select * From Courses Where Not (Unit=+)

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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>
Where Field Between StartRange And EndRange

Example
Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode Between 11 And 19
Select *
From Teachers
Where TeacherName Between 'Ali' And 'Sasan'

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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>
Where Field Like value

Example

Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentName Like 'Ali'
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Select *
From Courses
Where CourseName Like 'Nath%'
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Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentName Like '%Ali%'


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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>
Where Field In {valu1, valu2, valu3,..)
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Example

Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode !n (101,950,3+2)
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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>
Where Field Is Null
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Select Field1 [, Field2 , ..| From <Table Name>
Order By <Field List> [Desc Asc]

Example

Select StudentName
From Students
Order By SudentName
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Select StudentName,StudentCode
From Students
Order By 2
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Select StudentName,StudentCode
From Students
Order By StudentName Asc ,StudentCode Desc

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Select i..l. ei. i,

L { _o qlj_ cI_lxc _I oolaxaI Select

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Select FunctionName (Field1) [ As AliasName | From <Table Name>


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qlj_ g;Ig: ua, ) FunctionName {

l,8 Oj _xSI> Max
l,8 Oj @8I> Min
l,8 go> @l> Sun
oIn: __loa Count
l,8 _,S:l,o Avg



Example

Select Nax(StudentCode)
From Students
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Select Nax(Salary) As NaxS, Nin(Salary) As NinS, Avg(Salary)
From Teachers

Select Nax (Salary) From Teachers Where TeacherCode Between [1000,1500|
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Select Count(*) From Cources


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Select AliasName = <Calculate Expretion> From <Table Name>
Select <Calculate Expretion> As AliasName From <Table Name>

Example

Select Salary , NewSal = Salary +1000
From Teachers

Select TeacherName , Salary*1.2 As Pay!t , Phone
From Teachers


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Select Distinct Field From <Table Name>

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Example
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Select Dictinct City
From Students
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Select City
From Students
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Select Count (Dictinct City )
From Students

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Select Field1 [,Field2,..| From <Table Name> Group By <Field List>

Example

Select StudentName
From Students
Group By StudentCity , StudentName
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Select City , Count(*)
From Students
Group By City
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Select StudentCode, Count(*) As TerCourse , Count(*) * +5000 As NustPay
From Term
Group By StudentCode

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> _..,l. _o Group By i..l. ei. i, ,. .


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Select Field1 [,Field2,..| From <Table Name> Group By <Field List>
aving <Condition>

Example

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Select City , Count(*)
From Students
Group By City
aving Sex = 'N'
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Select City , Count (*)
From Students
Group By City
aving Count(*) >3

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Select Table1.Field1 ,Table2.Field2 [ ,..| From <Table1,Table2,.>

Example
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Select Teachers.TeacherName, Teachers.TeacherCode , Term.CourseCode
From Teachers, Term

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el,l i.l. > Teachers > . >lia. . l. >> _o l. ..>
l > Il> ) ( ..l LI i,. li, l > . . l,. >lo > lol
l. _o , clol .l> _olo. ,lo. i.l. i,so ..l oo .i,. .

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Select Teachers.TeacherName, Teachers.TeacherCode , Term.CourseCode
From Teachers, Term
Where Teachers.TeacherCode= Term.TeacherCode
clol .l> _> .lo. ) (

Select Students.StudentName, Term.CourseCode , Term.Grade
From Students,Term
Where Students.StudentCode= Term.StudentCode

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i,.. .

clol .l> _> .lo. ) (
Select StudentName, Term.CourseCode , Grade
From Students,Term
Where Students.StudentCode= Term.StudentCode

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i,.

clol .l> _> .lo. ) (
Select StudentName, DCourseCode , Grade
From Students D ,Term D
Where DStudentCode= D.StudentCode

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Select StudentName, CourseName , Grade
From Students D1, Courses D2 , Term D3
Where D1.Sex='F' And D3.Grade>=15 And
D1.StudentCode=D3.StudentCode And
D3.CourseCode=D2.CourseCode


.,.. . clol .l> _> .lo. ) (
Select StudentName, CourseName , Grade
From Students D1 ,Term D3, Courses D2
Where D1.StudentCode=D3.StudentCode And
D3.CourseCode=D2.CourseCode
Order By CourseName , StudentName

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Select Field1 ,Field2 [ ,..| From <Table1> Inner oin <Table2> On
Table1.Field = Table2.Field

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Select StudentName, D3.CouseCode, Grade
From Students D1 !nner oin Term D3 On
D1.StudentCode=D3.StudentCode


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Select Field1 ,Field2 [ ,..| From <Table1,Table2,.>
Where Field Oprand (Select Field1 ,Field2 [ ,..| From
<Table1,Table2,.>)





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ua cgo>o_o IN Not IN
o_Ioog>g _SI Exists Not Exists
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o lox> All
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> , < , = , <= , >= ,
<>

Example
eo. _.lol .l> l. i.l .
Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode !N
(Select StudentCode
From Term
Where Grade>15)
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.l..> ... ci.l> _.>l .. SQL >> _o . i,l> lia. cl. eV
>. il> i,so l,.. . l..> ,> l. .,I.l ,l .,. .

eo. _.lol .l> l. i.l .
Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode =
(Select StudentCode
From Term
Where Grade>15)
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..o i> l .o _.loIao l. i.. _o .l,> s> L
Select TeacherName
From Teachers
Where Salary < (Select Avg(Salary)
From Teachers)
_> , > _li> _.lol .l> l. i.l .
Select StudentName
From Students
Where StudentCode = Any (Select StudentCode
From Term
Where Grade=16)




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Select StudentName , Avg(Grade)
From Students D1, Term D2
Where D1.StudentCode = D2.StudentCode
Group By StudentName
aving Avg(Grade) > Any (Select Avg(Grade)
From Term
Group By StudentName)
i.l e>. l. . _.> _, > _.lol .l> l.
Select StudentCode, StudentName
From Students D1
Where Not Exists ( Select *
From Term
Where StudentCode = D1.StudentCode)

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Select Distinct CourseName
From Course D1
Where 'N' = All ( Select Sex
From Term D2 , Students D3
Where D2.StudentCode = D3.StudentCode
And
D2.CourseCode = D1.CourseCode)

l ,. _.l>l. l. i.l . _>
Select StudentName
From Students S
Where Exists (Select Count(*)
From Term
Where StudentCode= S.StudentCode
aving Count(*)>2)

o _S: : ..l oo aving l e>ls..l ci. l Group By > Select l
i,. l. _I>l> . l. >. _o l. l.,l aving l l C. e , ..
i. Ulol l L. _,. i. el. .
l ,. _,l ei..l> l. i.l> ol .l>
Select Dep
From Courses C
Where Exists (Select Count(*)
From Term
Where CourseCode= C.CourseCode
aving Count(*)>+)




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_gxao qlS _8 Oljlj _o Select

Select <Field List >
From <Table List >
Where Condition
Group By <Field List >
aving Condition
Order By <Field List >





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Create Tale <Table Name> (Columns)

Example
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Create Table Students ( StudentCode Small!nt Not Null Unique ,
StudentName Char (20) ,
Adrs Char (50) ,
City Char (10) ,
.....
)

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Drop Tale <Table Name>

Example
clol .l> el,l .>
Drop Table Students









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1T { o_gS_ Oo_S 8lI

Insert Into Tale <Table Name> [(Columns Name)| alues <values>

Insert Into Tale <Table Name>
Select <Fields>
From <Table Name>
Where <Condition>

Example
_> el,l > i,i > ) (
!nsert !nto Courses (CourseCode,CourseName,Dep,Unit)
values (1005 , 'Nath 2' , 'Nt' , +)
_> el,l > i,i > ) (
!nsert !nto Courses
values(1005,'Nath 2','Nt',+)

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Update <Table Name> Set <Column Name> = <value> Where
<Condition>

Example
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Update Course
Set Unit = 3
Where CourseCode=1005
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Update Teachers
Set Salary=1.2 * Salary -100
Where Salary < (Select Avg(Salary)
From Teachers)

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Delete From <Table Name> Where <Condition>

Example
_l, _> .>
Delete From Course
Where CourseCode=1005


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1L { lo: Oj ol>jI ) iew {

Create iew <view Name> (<Column Names>) As
Select <Column Names>
From <Table Names>
Where <Condition>

Example
s> cloIao l .o Ui , >l,l s> .l.
Create view TeachLook (TCode , TName , NainSal , Sal2)
Select (TeacherCode , TeacherName , Salary , Salary *2)
From Teachers

Create view Resome (StName , Ccode , Grade )
Select StudentName, D3.CouseCode, Grade
From Students D1 !nner oin Term D3 On
D1.StudentCode=D3.StudentCode

o _S: : , .>l. l _ view , co cl l. cl. _o Table > > l.
cl !nsert, Update Delete >l> l.l .

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Drop eiw <view Name>

Example
clol .l> lo. .>
Drop view Students
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Create [Uniue] Index <!ndex Name> ON <Table Name> (<Field
Names>)

Example
cloIao el,l . ,I. l _i.,l , >l,l ) (
Create !ndex TName!DX ON Teachers (TeacherName)
cloIao el,l . ,I. l _i.,l , >l,l ) (
Create !ndex TName!DX ON Teachers (TeacherCode,TeacherName)




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1V { SxjI >

Drop Index <!ndex Name>

Example

Drop !ndex TName!DX
1 { Union ) loI T ;lao ll,8 l; olSjlj {

Select <Fields> From <Table Name>
Union
Select <Fields> From <Table Name>

Example

Select StudentCode , StudentName
Form Students
Union
Select TeacherCode , TeacherName
Form Teachers





















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_o l ooIo Ig:I g> SQL Tale

l,8 g: ,g:
Bigint -2'63 ~ 2'63 _,>
!nt -2'31 ~ 2'31 _,>
Smallint -2'15 ~ 2'15 _,>
Tinyint 0 ~ 255
Bit 0 ~ 1
Float -1.79'308 ~ 1.79'308 l.l
Real -3.+'38 ~ 3.+'38 l.l
DateTime 1f1f1753 ~ 31f12f9999
SmallDateTime 1f1f1900 ~ 6f6f2079
Char .li> . ..l UL A .l
varChar .li> . ,a.o UL A .l
Text .l 2'31 .li> . ,,a.o UL
Nchar Unicode .li> . ..l UL .l
NvarChar Unicode .li> . ,,a.o UL .l
Ntext Unicode .l 2'30 .li> . ,,a.o UL
Binary .,l. .li> ..l UL A
varBinary .li> ,,a.o UL A
!mage 2'31 .li> ,,a.o UL
Uniqueidentifier _.l > . >.o .l..







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