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Integration

This document introduces integration, which is the reverse process of differentiation. It discusses finding the function y when the rate of change dy/dx is known. Specifically, it covers: - Integrating functions in the form of x^n by raising the power by 1 and dividing by the new power - Applying integration separately to each term when multiple terms are present - Using integral notation to denote the integration process - Simplifying expressions into individual integrable terms before integrating

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syedputra_teen
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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269 views

Integration

This document introduces integration, which is the reverse process of differentiation. It discusses finding the function y when the rate of change dy/dx is known. Specifically, it covers: - Integrating functions in the form of x^n by raising the power by 1 and dividing by the new power - Applying integration separately to each term when multiple terms are present - Using integral notation to denote the integration process - Simplifying expressions into individual integrable terms before integrating

Uploaded by

syedputra_teen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRATION

This chapter introduces us to the reverse process of differentiation which is called INTEGRATION.

(1.1) We can integrate function of the form where and a is a constant.


If Also if So,if

then then where

c is some constant

then

Integration is the process of finding y when we know .

If

then

where c is

some constant

If

, then

HINT : This is called indefinite integration because we cannot find the constant.

Example 1
Find y for the following :

a)
Solution:

where n=4

So use

for n=4

Raise the power by 1


Divide by the new power and dont forget to add c

b) Solution:
Remember raising the power by 1 gives -5+1= -4

Divide by the new power (-4) and add c

Example 2
Find y for the following :

a)
solution :

so

b)

Solution:

Remember

Notice that we treat

and

in the same way. We only consider the


term when integrating. So in general, If , then

(1.2) We can apply the principle of integration seperately to each of


Given , find y.

(1.3) We need to be able to use the integral sign.


The integral of is denoted by

and the formula we meet in section (1.1) is:

The elongated S means integrate.

The expression to be integrated.

This dx tells us which letter is the variable to integrate with respect to.

Example 1
a)
Solution:

(1.4) We need to simplify an expression into separate terms of the form , before we integrate.
Example 1
First multiply out the bracket.

Then apply the rule to each term.

Example 2
First,write each term in the form

Apply the rule term by term.

Then,simplify each term.

Or

Write the answer in the same form as the question.

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