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Review 2

This document provides an overview of the key concepts and equations related to conic sections, including parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles. It defines each conic section, describes their standard forms and key features like foci, vertices, axes, and how to graph and identify each type of conic section based on their equations. Examples of real-world applications of each conic section are also briefly mentioned.

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Syed Raheel Adeel
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152 views

Review 2

This document provides an overview of the key concepts and equations related to conic sections, including parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas, and circles. It defines each conic section, describes their standard forms and key features like foci, vertices, axes, and how to graph and identify each type of conic section based on their equations. Examples of real-world applications of each conic section are also briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

Syed Raheel Adeel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conic Sections

MAT 182 Chapter 11

Four conic sections


Cone intersecting
a plane Hyperbolas Ellipses Parabolas Circles (studied in previous chapter)

What you will learn


How to sketch the graph of each conic section. How to recognize the equation as a parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, or circle. How to write the equation for each conic section given the appropriate data.

Definiton of a parabola
A parabola is the set of all points in the plane that are equidistant from a fixed line (directrix) and a fixed point (focus) not on the line. Graph a parabola using this interactive web site. See notes on parabolas.

Vertical axis of symmetry


If x2 = 4 p y the parabola opens UP if p > 0 DOWN if p < 0 Vertex is at (0, 0) Focus is at (0, p) Directrix is y = - p axis of symmetry is x = 0

Translated (vertical axis)


(x h )2 = 4p (y - k)

Vertex (h, k) Focus (h, k+p) Directrix y = k - p axis of symmetry x = h

Horizontal Axis of Symmetry


If y2 = 4 p x the parabola opens RIGHT if p > 0 LEFT if p < 0 Vertex is at (0, 0) Focus is at (p, 0) Directrix is x = - p axis of symmetry is y = 0

Translated (horizontal axis)


(y k) 2 = 4 p (x h)
Vertex (h, k) Focus (h + p, k) Directrix x = h p axis of symmetry y = k

Problems - Parabolas
Find the focus, vertex and directrix: 3x + 2y2 + 8y 4 = 0
Find the equation in standard form of a parabola with directrix x = -1 and focus (3, 2). Find the equation in standard form of a parabola with vertex at the origin and focus (5, 0).

Ellipses
Conic section formed when the plane intersects the axis of the cone at angle not 90 degrees. Definition set of all points in the plane, the sum of whose distances from two fixed points (foci) is a positive constant. Graph an ellipse using this interactive web site.

Ellipse center (0, 0)


Major axis - longer axis contains foci Minor axis - shorter axis Semi-axis - the length of axis Center - midpoint of major axis Vertices - endpoints of the major axis Foci - two given points on the major axis
Center Focus

Focus

Equation of Ellipse

x y 1 2 2 a b
see notes on ellipses

a>b

Problems
Graph 4x 2 + 9y2 = 4

Find the vertices and foci of an ellipse: sketch the graph 4x2 + 9y2 8x + 36y + 4 = 0 put in standard form find center, vertices, and foci

Write the equation of the ellipse


Given the center is at (4, -2) the foci are (4, 1) and (4, -5) and the length of the minor axis is 10.

Notes on ellipses
Whispering gallery Surgery ultrasound - elliptical reflector Eccentricity of an ellipse e = c/a when e 0 ellipse is more circular when e 1 ellipse is long and thin

Hyperbolas
Definition: set of all points in a plane, the difference between whose distances from two fixed points (foci) is a positive constant.
Differs from an Ellipse whose sum of the distances was a constant.

Parts of hyperbola
Transverse axis (look for the positive sign) Conjugate axis Vertices Foci (will be on the transverse axis) Center Asymptotes

Graph a hyperbola
see notes on hyperbolas

Graph

y x 1 25 36

Graph

x 62 y 32
25 144

Put into standard form


9y2 25x2 = 225 4x2 25y2 +16x +50y 109 = 0

Write the equation of hyperbola


Vertices (0, 2) and (0, -2) Foci (0, 3) and (0, -3)
Vertices (-1, 5) and (-1, -1) Foci (-1, 7) and (-1, 3) More Problems

Notes for hyperbola


Eccentricity e = c/a since c > a , e >1 As the eccentricity gets larger the graph becomes wider and wider Hyperbolic curves used in navigation to locate ships etc. Use LORAN (Long Range Navigation (using system of transmitters)

Identify the graphs


4x2 + 9y2-16x - 36y -16 = 0 2x2 +3y - 8x + 2 =0 5x - 4y2 - 24 -11=0 9x2 - 25y2 - 18x +50y = 0 2x2 + 2y2 = 10 (x+1)2 + (y- 4) 2 = (x + 3)2

Match Conics
Click here for a matching conic section worksheet.

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