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History of Network: Overview of Wireless and Mobile Networks

The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of wireless and mobile networks. It discusses wireless communication fundamentals, including wireless transmission, frequency spectrum, radio propagation, modulation, channel conditions, effects of mobility, multiple access, and medium access control. Key concepts covered include analog and digital modulation, duplexing, multiplexing techniques like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and spread spectrum, and MAC protocols like ALOHA, CSMA, and CSMA/CA.

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41 views

History of Network: Overview of Wireless and Mobile Networks

The document provides an overview of the history and evolution of wireless and mobile networks. It discusses wireless communication fundamentals, including wireless transmission, frequency spectrum, radio propagation, modulation, channel conditions, effects of mobility, multiple access, and medium access control. Key concepts covered include analog and digital modulation, duplexing, multiplexing techniques like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and spread spectrum, and MAC protocols like ALOHA, CSMA, and CSMA/CA.

Uploaded by

[email protected]
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY OF NETWORK

Overview of wireless and mobile networks


History and evolution
Classification
Wireless communication fundamentals
Wireless transmission
Multiple access
Medium access control

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• Wireless transmission fundamentals
• Frequency spectrum
• Radio propagation
– Signals and antennas
– Modulation
– Channel conditions
– Effects of mobility
• Multiple access
• Medium access control

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Signals

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Antennas

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Antenna range

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Signal propagation

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Effects of mobility

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Modulation

Definition: transforming the information to be transmitted


into a
format suitable for the used medium
Motivation
Smaller antennas
Frequency division multiplexing
Media characteristics (robustness, efficiency, bandwidth)
Types of modulation
Analog modulation, usage examples: AM and FM radio, 1G
cellular networks
Digital modulation, usage examples: 2G and 3G cellular
networks, WiFi,
WiMax, Bluetooth, Zigbee, ...
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Analog modulation

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Digital modulation

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Duplexing

Motivation: simultaneous two-way communication


Separate uplink and downlink
Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)
Each direction uses a different frequency band
Transmitting and receving can occur at the same time
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Switch between directions quickly such that user doesn’t
notice
Transmitting and receiving can occur in the same frequency
band

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Multiplexing

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Frequency division multiple access
(FDMA)

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Time division multiple access
(TDMA)

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F/TDMA

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Code division multiple access
(CDMA)

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Spread spectrum

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Motivation for spread spectrum

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Direct sequence spread spectrum
(DSSS)

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Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)

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Space division multiple access
(SDMA)

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Medium access control (MAC)

Motivation
Typically there are more devices than channels
Need to allocate channel access to devices on
demand
MAC protocol
Coordinates access to a shared medium: which
device should get access,
when and how?
Define rules that allow multiple devices to access
the medium in an efficient,
fair and stable manner
Classification
Centralized vs. Distributed
Schedule/Reservation based vs. Random/contention
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ALOHA

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Slotted ALOHA

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Carrier Sense Multiple Access
(CSMA)

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CSMA with Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD)

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Hidden terminal problem

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CSMA with collision avoidance
(CSMA/CA)

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Near-far effect

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SOURCES
• Kaustubh Phanse, Communications
Research Group, Department of
Information Technology, UPPSALA
Universitet

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