Energy in Thermal Processes Problem Solutions: Chapter 11
Energy in Thermal Processes Problem Solutions: Chapter 11
Energy in Thermal Processes
Problem Solutions
11.1 We assume that all the gravitational potential energy given up by the water is converted
into internal energy and goes into raising the temperature of the water. Then,
∆ = = ( ∆ ) or T = + = + = +
( ) ( )
gives T = ° + =
( ⋅ )
11.3 The mass of water involved is
m = ρ = ( × ) = ×
Ì = = × ,
(b) The power input is
11.6 The internal energy converted to mechanical energy in one ascent of the rope is
Q = ∆ = . Since 1 Calorie = = ,
Q = ( ) ( ) ( ) =
145
146 CHAPTER 11
Nmpellet c ( ∆ ) = ( ∆ )
or the number of pellets required is
( ∆ )
N=
∆
11.15 The total energy absorbed by the cup, stirrer, and water equals the energy given up by
the silver sample. Thus,
mc cAl + + ( ∆ ) = ∆
Solving for the mass of the cup gives
∆
mc = ( ) − − ,
( ∆ )
( − )
or mc = ( ) ( ) − ( ) ( ) − ( ) ( ) =
( − )
Energy in Thermal Processes 147
11.17 The total energy given up by the copper and the unknown sample equals the total
energy absorbed by the calorimeter and water. Hence,
Solving for the specific heat of the unknown material gives
+ ( ∆ ) − ∆
cunk = , or
∆
cunk = { ( ) ( ⋅° ) + ( ) ( ⋅° ) (° )
( ) ( ° )
− ( ) ( ⋅° ) ( ° ) } = × ⋅ °
11.20 The total energy input required is
Thus, Q = ( ) ×
+ ( ) (°° )
⋅ °
+ ( × ) ×
11.22 The energy required is the following sum of terms:
Mathematically,
This yields
Q = ( × − )
(° ) + ×
⋅ °
+ (° ) + × + (° )
⋅ ° ⋅ °
11.23 In order to come to equilibrium at 50°C, the steam must: cool to 100°C, condense, and
then cool (as condensed water) to 50°C. Thus, the conservation of energy equation is
= ( + ) ( °° )
( + ) ( ° )
or msteam = .
( ° ) + + ( ° )
This gives
and
Energy in Thermal Processes 149
With mw = = = = ⋅ °
11.51 The energy conservation equation is
This gives
J
m Pb 128
( ° ) = ( ) ( × )
kg ⋅ °
+ ( ) ( ⋅ ° ) + ( ) ( ⋅° ) (° )
or m =
Pb
150 CHAPTER 11
11.53 The conservation of energy equation is
11.64 When liquids 1 and 2 are mixed, the conservation of energy equation is
mc1 (17° − ° ) = ( ° − ° ) , or c 2 =
When liquids 2 and 3 are mixed, energy conservation yields
mc3 ( 30° − ° ) = ( ° − ° ) , or c3 = =