FINITE ELEIVENT ANAL'I'SIS UNIT-1 PART A {10x2=20) l What is meant by Finite Element Analysis?

2 Why polynomialtype of interpolation functions ismostly usedin FEM? 3 What are 'h' and 'p' versions ofFiniteEiement method? 4. Name the weigllted residuals techniques. 5. What is meant by postproa!ssing? li Distinguish between essential boundary conditions andnato ralboundary conditions. 7. Name any 4 FEA softwares? & What are the general constituents of finite element software? 9. What is Rayleigh-Ritz method? 10. Duringdiscretization,mention the places where it is necessary to place a node ?. PARTB l Solve the simultaneous systems of equation using Gauss-Elimination method. 3>t + y -z = 3;2x - 9y + z = 3;x- 2y + 9z = 8 {16) 2 The foilowing differentialequation is available fora physical phenomenon: d'y/dx' -10<2 =5;0 sx :S1The boundary conditions are:y(O) =0 and y(l) =O .By usingGalerkin's method of weighted residuals,find an approximate solution of the above differential equation.(16) 3 A simply supported beam subjected to uniformly distributed I oad 'qo'over entire span and alsopoint load of magnitude 'P' at the centre of the span. Calculate the bendngmoment and deflection at mid span by usingRaylei!tt-Ritz method and compare with the exact solution.(16} 4. A bar of uniform cross section is clamped at one end and left free atthe other end andit is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of qO- over its entire run. Calculate the displacement and stress in the bar usingthree term polynomial. Compare with exact solutions.Also,determine the stresses and displacements if the bar is clamped at both ends. {16) 5. Determine a 2parameter solution of the following usingthe Galerkin's method and compare it with the exact solution. (16} d'y/dx' =- cos 1t x,O:SX:sl ,u(O) =0. u(l) =0 liS olve the foilowingequation usinga 2 parameter trialsolution by: a) Point coliocation method. b) Galerkin's method. dy/dX+ y =0. O:SXS:l, y(O) =1(16} 7.The following differentialequation is available f or aphysicalphenomenon. d'y/dx' +50=0. O:SX:S10 Trialfunction is y =alx (10- x),y (0) = 0, y( lq = 0. Findthe value of a1 usingall the weighted residualtechniques and compare the solutions. {16)
& Solve the given equations by Gauss-Elimination method.

2x+4y+2z =15;2x+y + 2z = -5;4x + y-2z =0(6) 9.Li st the advantages, eli sadvantages andapplications ofFEM. { 8) 10.Explain the various weigllted residualtechniques.{16)

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PARTA (10X2=20) 1Define shape function. 2 How do you calculate the size of the globalstiffness matrix? 3 What are the charact eristics of shape function? 4. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensional bar element. 5. State the properties of stiffness matrix. 6 What is truss? 7. Define total potential energy. & State the prin<ipleofminimum potential energy. 9. Write down the expression of shape function Nand displacement u for1 -D bar element.

10. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix fora truss element. PARTS l Derive an expression for shape function and assemble the stiffness matrix f orbending in beam elements. (16) 2Derive an expression of shape functions andthe stiffness matrix for one dimensional bar element based on global co-ordinate approach.(16) 3A two noded truss element is shown in the fig.The nodal displacements are u1=5 mm and u2 = 8 mm. Calcuiale the displacements at x = L/4, L/3and L/2 (16) 4. A steelplate ofuniformthid<ness 25mm issubjectedtoapointloadof4D Nat mid depth as shown in fig.The piate is also subjected to self-weight.If=2*10' N/mm2 and density =08"10"' N/mm'. Calcuiale the displacement at each nodalpoint and stresses in each element. (16) 5. An axialI oad of4*l!6 N is applied at 3J"C to the rod as shown in fiThe temperatureisthen raised to fffC. Calcuiate nodal displacements,stresses in each materialand reactions at each nodalpoint. Take Eal=0.7*10' N/mm2; Eme l =2*10' N/mm';al= 23*10' /"C;steel =12*10' /"C.(16) 6Why higher order elements are needed? Determine the shape functions of an eight noded rectangular element. (16) 7.Derive the stiffness matrix fortwo dimensionaltruss elements.(16) &Determine the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam subjected to a unif ormly distributed Ioad q overthe entire span anda point Ioad P actingon its free end.(16) 9.Determine the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed I oad q overthe entire span and a point I oadP actingat its mid span. (16) 10.Consider the bar as shown in Fig.Calculate the following (i) Nodal eli splacements (ii) Element stresses (iii} Support reactions. Take E=aJOGPa and P=400<N. (16) 3Dnm' P 600mm'
:!Onm :!Onm 400mm 11 Consideratapersteel plate of uniform thickness,t=25mm as shown in Fig.The Young's modulus of the plate, E=JllGPa and weight densityp=082>C10-' N/mm'. In addition to its self weight,the pi ate is subjected to a point I oadP =lOJN at its midpoint. Calculate the following by modellingthe piate with two finite elements: (i) Globalforce vector {F).(ii) Globalstiffness matrix [K). (iii} Displacements in each element. (iv} Stre sses in each element (v) Reaction force atthe support. (16) 150mm

300mm 600mm p 75mm

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PARTA {10x2=20) l Write down the expression for shape functions fora constant strain triangular element 2 Write a strain dispiacement matrix for CST element 3 What is 1ST element? 4. What is QST element. 5.What is meant by plane stress analysis. 6. What is CST element? 7.Write down the stiffness matrix equation for2-D CST element. & Define plane stress analysis. 9. Write a displacement function equation for CST element. 10. Write down the stress-strain relationship matrix for piane stress condition. PARTS l A wall of0.6 m thickness havingthermal conductivity of 12 W/mK. The wallis to be insulatedwith a materialofthickness 0.06 m havingan average thermalcondo ctivity of0.3 W/mK.The innersurface temperatuis lOD c and outside of the insulation is exposed to atmosphericairat D c with heat transfer coefficient of DW/m'K. Calculate the nodaltemperatus (16) 2 A furnace wall is made up of three layers,inside Iayerwith thermal conductivity &5 W/mK,the middle I ayerwith condo ctivity 0.25 W/mK ,the oute rlayerwith condo ctivity 0.08 W/mK.There spective thicknesses of the inner,middleand outer layer are 25 em,5 em and3 em resp.The inside temperature of the wall is a::o c and outside of the wall is exposed to atmosphericairat Dc with heattransfer coefficient of45 W/m'K.Determine the nodaltemperatus .{16) 3 An aluminium alloyfi n of 7mm thick and50 mm protrudes from a w all which is maintained at m c. The ambient airtemperature is 22c. The heattransfercoeffi cient andthermal conductivity of the fin materialare 140 W/m2K and 55 W/mK respectively. Determine the temperature distribution offi n.{16) 4. A steelrodofdiameter d =2em,length l=5 em and thermalconductivity k=SO W/mC is exposed at one endto a constant temperature of m c.The otherendis in ambient air oftemperature :D c with a convection coefficient of h = 100 W/m'c. Oetermine the temperature atthe midpoint of the rod {16) 5. Calculate the temperature distribution in a1-D fin.The fin isrectangularin shape andismmm I on

g.
40 mm wide andlD mm thick. One endofthefin isfixedandotherendisfree.Assumethat convection heat loss occurs from the end of the fin.use 2 elements.The temperature at fixe dendis mc. Take k 0.3 W/mmc;h 10-3 W/mm'c;T(amb) :D c. {16) 6. A metallicfin,with thermal conductivity k =3tD W/mc, 0.1em thick and lD em long, extends from a plane wallwhose temperature is 235C. Determine the temperature distribution and amount of heat transferredfrom the fin to the airat :DC with h = 9W f m'C. Take width of the fin to be 1m.(16) 7.Evaluate the stiffness matrix forthe CST element shown in fig Assume piane stresscondition. Take, t = :D mm,E = 2'lD' N/mm2and m = 0.25. The coordinates are given in mm. &Assemble the strain-dispacement matrix forthe CSTelement shown in fig.Take, t = 25 mm and E = 2lD Gpa. 9.Derive an expression for shape function for constrain straintriang!Jar element. lO.Determine the shape functions Nl,N2and N3 at the interior pointP forthe triangular element shown in fig.

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PART A (10x2=20) L What are the conditions for a problem to be axisymmetric. 2. Give the strain-displacement matrix equation for an axisymmetric triangular element 3.Write down the stress-strainrelationship matrix for an axisymmetric triangular element. 4. Write short notes on Axisymmetric problems. 5.What are the ways in which a 3-D problem canbe reduced to a 2-D approach. 6.What is axisymmetric element? 7.Give the stiffness matrix equation foran axisymmetric triangular element. 8. What are the 4 basic elasticity equations? 9.Write down the displacement equation for an axisymmetric triangular element. 10.Write down the shape functions for an axisymmetric triangular element. 11. What is meant by Finite Element Analysis? 12. Why polynomialtype of interpolation functions is mostly used in FEM? 13. What are 'h'and 'p' versions of Finite Element method? 14. Write down the expression of stiffness matrix for one dimensionalbar element. 15. What are the constituents of totalpotential energy? 16.Distinguish between essential boundary conditions andnatural boundary conditions. 17.Define shape function. What are the characteristics of shape function? 18. What are the general constituents offinite element software? 19.State the properties of stiffness matrix. 20 .State the principle of minimum potentialenergy. PARTS 1.The nodal co-ordinates for an axisymmetric triangular are givenbelow:r, =15 mm,z,=15 mm;r,= 25 mm,z, =15 mm;r,= 35 mm,z,= 50 mm.Determine (B) matrix for that element. (16) 2. Evaluate the temperature force vectorfor the axisymmetric triangular element shown in the fig. The element experiencies a 15' C increases in temperature. Taken=10*10''/'C,E = 2*10' N/mm',m = 0.25. (16) 3.Determine the stiffness matrix for the element shown in fig. The co-ordinates are in mm.Take E = 2*1o' N/mm2 and m = 0.25. (16) 4. Derive the expression for the element stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric shell element.(16) 5. For the axisymmetric elements shownin fig,determine the element stresses.LetE =210Gpa and m = 0.25. The co-ordinates are in mm.(16) U1 = 0.05 mm;w1 =0.03mm;u 2 = 0.02 mm;w 2 = 0.02 mm;u 3 =0mm;w1 = Omm 6.Derive the strain -displacement matrix (B) for axisymmetric triangular element (16) 7.Derive the stress-strain relationship matrix (D) for the axisymmetric triangular element. (16) 8. Calculate the element stiffness matrix and the thermal force vector for the axisymmetric triangular element shown in fig.The element experiences a 15'C increase in temperature.The coordinates are in mm. Take n=10*10 . /'C; E = 2*10' N/mm'; m = 0.25 (16) 9.For the axisymmetric elements shownin fig,determine the element stresses.Let E = 210Gpa and m = 0.25. The co-ordinates are in mm.(16) The nodaldisplacements are: u1= 0.05 mm; w= l 0.03 mm u2 = 0.02 mm; w2 = 0.02 mm u3 = 0 mm;w3 = 0 mm 10.Derive the element stiffness matrix fora linear isoparametric quadrilateral element{16) 11. Establish the stran i -displacement function matrix forthe linear quadrilateralelement as shown in fig at gauss point r =0.57735 and s = -o.sm5. (16)

12. The integral J1 -1( r' +

2r' + 1) dr can be eval uated exactly by two point gaussian quadrature.

Examine the effect on the result if three point integration is applied.(16) 13. For a 4 noded rectangular element shown in fig. determine the following: Jacobian matrix,Strain displacement matrix,Element stresses. Take E = 2*10' N/mm' ; m = 0.25; u= ' 0,0,0.002,0.003,0. oos,o.oca,o,o 1; = 0;IJ =0. Assume plane stresseondition(16) 5. Derive the shape functions for4 noded rectangular parent element by using natural coordinate system and coordinate transformation.(16) 6. Evaluate the integral I= J1-1(2 + x + x') dx using gauss quadrature method and compare with exact solution.(16) 7. Evaluate the integral,I= J1-1cos nx/2dx by applying 3 point gaussian quadrature and compare with exact solution.(16) 8. Evaluate the integral I= J1-1 (3'' + x' +1/X+2) dx using one point and two point gauss quadrature. Compare with exact solution.(16) 9. For the isoparametric quadrilateral element shown in fig determine the local coordiantes of the poi nt P which has cartesian coordinates (7,4).(16)