POLLUTIONLESS ENGINE

A MYTH OR REALITY???
STIRLING ENGINE

S.R.K.R ENGG. COLLEGE

BHIMAVARAM

Presented by:

RAJESH BALAJI
¾ MECHANICAL ¾ MECHANICAL
650351082 650351024
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]
 CONTENTS:
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

STIRLING ENGINE

TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINE

PARTS OF STIRLING ENGINE

STIRLING CYCLE

ADVANTAGES

SUMMARY
 ABSTRACT

The quest of human beings to source, creates the useful work.

develop engines with high power, The main advantage of this engine
high torque, less vibration and is its capability to use any type of
most essentially with no pollution fuel and the emission of no
is on since the discovery and exhaust gases.
development of engine. Stirling Due to this pollution free
engine is just one step forward and use of any type of fuel
towards the creation of a noise characteristics the Stirling engine
free and pollution less engine. shows a greater potential over any
The Stirling engine is the other type of engine existing
engine, which uses a fixed amount today. To consolidate this claim an
of gas sealed inside a cylinder. The effort has been made to develop a
expansion and contraction of the working model of Stirling engine.
gas, using heat from external
 INTRO internal combustion cycle. Hell if

DUCTION we ask our mechanic if he has

All of us including the lamest of

laymen would have at one time or
another experienced problems ever seen a vehicle without any

with our vehicles engine and most exhaust then he is probably going

of the time after moaning and to refer to you to the nearest

cursing finally in line with the shrink.

universe and accepting our doom So an engine without any

we would have coughed up the exhaust gas is a mirage or it can

cash for repairs and parts and be a reality? The answer for this is

insistently taken old parts home, definitely yes. We can have an

disregarding the fact that no engine without any exhaust gas

descent human would have and that is what a Stirling engine

wanted them and during this is.

exercise in existence it is doubtful STIRLING ENGINE

that anybody would have chance
to miss seeing a piston or two,
this ubiquitous creatures that
scurry up and down in an enclosed
cylindrical space, getting their
crowns slammed regularly and
unceremoniously…eventually to be The Stirling engine is a heat
thrown aside and replaced by a engine that is vastly different from
marginally wider chap. Doubtful an internal combustion engine.
that any of us would be able to Stirling engines have two pistons
imagine modern travel without an that create a 90-degree phase
angle and two different • Displacer type Stirling
temperature spaces. The working engine.
gas in the engine is perfectly
sealed, and doesn't go in and out TWO PISTON TYPE STIRLING
to the atmosphere. The Stirling ENGINE
engine uses a Stirling cycle, which
is unlike the cycles used in normal
internal combustion engines.
• The gas used inside Stirling
engine never leaves the
engine. There are no
exhaust valves that vent
high-pressure gases as in The two-piston type Stirling
petrol or diesel engine, and engine uses two power pistons.
there are no explosions Out of the two pistons one is hot
taking place. piston, which is used in hot
• The Stirling cycle uses chamber, and the other one is a
external heat source, which cold piston used in cold chamber.
could be anything from The space above a hot piston is
gasoline to solar energy to always heated by a heat source.
heat produced by decaying The space above a cold piston is
plants. No combustion takes cooled always by cold air.
place inside cylinder of the DISPLACER TYPE STIRLING
engine.
ENGINE
TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINE
Stirling engines can be
classified as:
• Two pistons type Stirling
engine
 Displacer: This is the large piston in
the drawing. This piston is very loose
in its cylinder, so air can move easily
between the heated and cooled
sections of the engine as the piston
moves up and down.

Power piston: This is the smaller

piston at the top of the engine. It is a
Th
tightly sealed piston that moves up as
e displacer type Stirling engine
the gas inside the engine expands.
Uses a power piston and a
Crankshaft: The crankshaft is made
displacer. The space below a
up of steel, which passes through the
displacer piston is always heated
bearing and receives the crank disc
by a heat source. The space above .the crank disc forms mount for
the displacer piston is cooled flywheel.
always by cold air. The displacer Regenerator: The regenerator is
piston displaces hot air and cold constructed of material that readily
air. conducts heat and has a high surface
PARTS OF A STIRLING ENGINE area. When hot gas is transferred to
the cool cylinder, it is first driven
Main chamber: It is the chamber
through the regenerator, where a
where a fixed amount of gas is
portion of the heat is deposited.
sealed initially. Inside this
When the cool gas is transferred
chamber only expansion and
back, this heat is reclaimed; thus the
compression of gas takes place.
regenerator "pre heats" and "pre
Output Shaft: It is horizontal and cools" the working gas, dramatically
mounted several inches above the improving efficiency.
main chamber. The end of shaft
STIRLING CYCLE
centered over the main chamber has
The key principle of Stirling
a crank and connecting rod, which
engine is that a fixed amount of gas
drives the displacer.
is sealed inside
The engine. The Stirling cycle transferring the bulk of the gas to the
involves a series of events that cool cylinder.
change the pressure of gas inside the
engine, causing it to work.
Stirling engine uses two
cylinders, one cylinder is heated by
an external heat source and the other
is cooled by an external cooling
source. A linkage that determines
how they will move in relation one
another connects the gas chambers
Contraction: Now the majority of the
of the two cylinders to each other
expanded gas has been shifted to the
mechanically.
cool cylinder. It cools and contracts,
drawing both pistons outward.
Expansion: At this point, most of the
gas in the system has just been
driven into the hot cylinder. The gas
heats and expands driving both
pistons inward.
T
r ans
fe r:
The now contracted gas is still located
in the cool cylinder. Flywheel

T momentum carries the crank another

90 degrees, transferring the gas to
ran
back to the hot cylinder to complete
sfer: At this point, the gas has
the cycle.
expanded. Most of the gas (about
2/3rds) is still located in the hot
cylinder. Flywheel momentum carries
the crankshaft the next 90 degrees,
 power output of the engine.
One way to decrease the
pressure is to cool the gas to a
lower temperature.

ADVANTAGES
There is no exhaust of gases as
in case of normal piston
engines.
The Stirling engine only makes power These engines are quieter in
during the first part of the cycle. operation.
There are two main ways to increase Gas inside the engine never
the power output of a Stirling cycle. leaves the engine.
 Increase power output in stage The external heat source could

one: In part one of the cycle; be anything-even heat from

the pressure of heated gas our hand.

pushing against the piston No combustion takes place

performs work. Increasing the inside cylinder of engine.
pressure during this part of the Hence there is no explosion.
cycle will increase the power
output of the engine .one way RECENT APPLICATIONS
of increasing the pressure is by
increasing the temperature of
the gas.

 Decrease power usage in stage

three: In parts three of the

cycle; the piston performs
work on the gas, using some of
the power produced in the part
one, lowering the pressure
during this stage of the cycle
thus effectively increasing the
Stirling Thermal Motor
This motor uses heater tubes,
SUMMARY
combustor, and piston, to convert
thermal energy into mechanical work.
The Stirling engine, types,
parts; working cycle, advantages
Four-Piston Wobble-
along with recent applications
Yoke Machine
This machine uses four has been empounded in this
pistons and wobbles paper.
yoke drive. This The Stirling engine is the
machine is especially engine, which uses the gas
used where high power sealed inside the cylinder. The
generation is required. expansion and contraction of the
gas, using heat from external
source, creates the useful work. This

Four Cylinders Free-Piston Alpha engine can work on any type of fuel
Engine whether it is conventional or non-
The four cylinders are physically
conventional fuel. And the basic
arranged with a 90-degree phase
advantage of this engine is that the
difference with each piston connected
amount of gas inside the chamber
to a gas compressor. The gas
remains fixed that is there is no
compressors are then used to drive a
exhaust and hence this engine is
gas turbine expander .The main
pollution less.
advantage of this system is the
Due to this pollution free and
promise of a high specific power and
use of any type of fuel characteristics
most important, high reliability and
the Stirling engine has greater
life resulting from the absence of
potential over any other type of
heavily loaded moving parts.
engine existing today. Hence this
engine is highly preferred in
automobile sector finding its
application in submarines to hybrid
cars. Due to the above specified
advantages the striling engine is
giving a cutting edge to all other
engine existing today and is viewed
REFERANCES:
as an answer to the existing energy
www.sesusa.org
crisis. www.cse.iitk.ac.in
www.howstuffworks.com