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Aerodynamics B Formula Overview: Navier-Stokes Equations

The document discusses the governing equations of aerodynamics including the Navier-Stokes equations, continuity equation, and momentum and energy equations. It also summarizes key concepts such as the substantial derivative, divergence of velocity, streamlines, vorticity, circulation, stream function, velocity potential, and elementary flows including uniform flow, source/sink, doublet, and vortex. Elementary flow applications to nonlifting and lifting flow over a cylinder and airfoil analysis are also summarized.

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nandhinidish
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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28 views

Aerodynamics B Formula Overview: Navier-Stokes Equations

The document discusses the governing equations of aerodynamics including the Navier-Stokes equations, continuity equation, and momentum and energy equations. It also summarizes key concepts such as the substantial derivative, divergence of velocity, streamlines, vorticity, circulation, stream function, velocity potential, and elementary flows including uniform flow, source/sink, doublet, and vortex. Elementary flow applications to nonlifting and lifting flow over a cylinder and airfoil analysis are also summarized.

Uploaded by

nandhinidish
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aerodynamics B

Formula Overview
Navier-Stokes Equations
Continuity equation

t
+ (V) = 0 (1)
Momentum equation

p
x
= (uV) (2)

p
y
= (vV) (3)

p
z
= (wV) (4)
Energy equation

_
e +
V
2
2
_
V
_
= (pV) (5)
Substantial derivative
Dx
Dt
=
x
t
+ ( V) x (6)
Divergence of velocity
V =
1

D
Dt
(7)
Lines and Equations
Two-Dimensional streamline condition
v dx = udy (8)
Vorticity
= V (9)
Circulation
=
_
C
V ds (10)
Stream function
u =

y
, v =

x
(11)
u =

y
, v =

x
(12)
V
r
=
1
r
d
d
, V

=
d
dr
(13)
Velocity potential
u =

x
, v =

y
, w =

z
(14)
V
r
=
d
dr
, V

=
1
r
d
d
(15)
Elementary Flows
Uniform ow
u = V

, v = 0 (16)
= V

x, = V

y (17)
Source/Sink
V
r
=

2r
, V

= 0 (18)
=

2
lnr, =

2
(19)
Doublet
V
r
=

2
cos
r
2
, V

=

2
sin
r
2
(20)
=

2
cos
r
, =

2
sin
r
(21)
Vortex
V
r
= 0, V

=

2r
(22)
=

2
, =

2
lnr (23)
1
Elementary Flow Applications
Nonlifting ow over a cylinder
R =
_

2V

(24)
= V

r sin
_
1
R
2
r
2
_
(25)
V
r
= V

cos
_
1
R
2
r
2
_
(26)
V

= V

sin
_
1 +
R
2
r
2
_
(27)
Lifting ow over a cylinder
= (V

r sin)
_
1
R
2
r
2
_
+

2
ln
r
R
(28)
V
r
= V

cos
_
1
R
2
r
2
_
(29)
V

= V

sin
_
1 +
R
2
r
2
_


2r
(30)
Two-Dimensional Airfoils
Vortex Sheets
=
_
b
a
ds (31)
L

(32)
Thin airfoil theory
1
2
_
c
0
() d
x
= V

_

dz
dx
_
(33)
Symmetric airfoils
() = 2V

1 + cos
sin
(34)
c
l
= 2, c
m,c/4
= 0 (35)
Cambered airfoils
() = 2V

_
A
0
1 + cos
sin
+

n=1
A
n
sinn
_
(36)
A
0
=
1

_

0
dz
dx
d
0
(37)
A
n
=
2

_

0
dz
dx
cos n
0
d
0
(38)
c
l
= (2A
0
+A
1
), c
m,c/4
=

4
(A
2
A
1
) (39)
Camber line design
dz
dx
= A
0
+

n=1
A
n
cos n
0
(40)

opt
=
1

_

0
dz
dx

0
(41)
(c
l
)
design
= A
1
= 2
_

0
dz
dx
cos
0
d
0
(42)
Three-Dimensional Wings
Vortex laments
dV =

4
dl r
|r|
3
(43)
Angles of attack
=
eff
+
i
(44)

i
(y
0
) =
1
4V

_ b
2

b
2
_
d
dy
_
dy
(y
0
y)
(45)

eff
(y
0
) =
(y
0
)
V

c(y
0
)
+
L=0
(46)
Aspect ratio
A =
b
2
S
(47)
Lift coecient
C
L
= A
1
A (48)
Induced drag
D

i
(y) = L

i
=

i
(49)
C
D,i
=
C
2
L
Ae
(50)
e = A
2
1
_
N

1
nA
2
n
_
1
(51)
2

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