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5 5 The Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

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201 views

5 5 The Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

Uploaded by

api-233527181
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

5: The Sum and Difference of Two Cubes


Objectives:
Within the learning period, I will be able to Factor the factor the sum and difference of two cubes.

Prepared by Jowelyn Joy Domocmat for EIS MS Algebra 1 Classes AY 2013-14

What are perfect cubes?


1 is a perfect cube since 13 = 1 8 is a perfect cube since 23 = 8 27 is a perfect cube since 33 = 27 64 is a perfect cube since 43 = 64 125 is a perfect cube since 53 = 125

1000 is a perfect cube since 103 = 1000

The Sum & Difference of Two Cubes

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 - ab + b2) a3 b3 = (a b) (a2 + ab + b2)

The sum or difference of two cubes will factor into a binomial trinomial.

a b a b a ab b
3 3 2
same sign

always +

always opposite

a b a b a ab b
3 3 2
same sign always opposite

always +

Example 1
Factor the polynomial 8x3 27.
This is in the form a3 b3, factors: (a b)(a2 + ab + b2) First term: 8x3 can be written as (2x)3; a = 2x Last term: 27 can be written as (3)3; b = 3 Therefore 8x3 27 = (2x 3)[(2x)2 + (2x)(3)+32]. = (2x 3)(4x2 + 6x + 9)

Check: Use FOIL method: = 8x3 + 12x2 + 18x 12x2 18x -27 = 8x3 - 27

Example 2
Factor the polynomial 9x4 9x.
It does not appear in the form a3 b3. Factor out the GCF: 9x(x3 1) Focus on (x3 1); factors: (a b)(a2 + ab + b2) First term: x3 can be written as (x)3; a = x Last term: 1 can be written as (1)3; b = 1 Therefore x3 1 = 9x (x 1)[(x)2 + (x)(1)+12]. = 9x(x 1)(x2 + x + 1) Check: Use FOIL method: = 9x(x3 + x2 + x x2 x 1) = 9x(x3 1)

Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.5


Factor each of the following as sum or difference of two cubes. 5. 27 + x3 13. x3 216 (3 + x) (9 3x + x2) (x 6) (x2 + 6x + 36) 10(a3 64b3) 10(a 4b)(a2 + 4ab + 16b2) (2x 3y) (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)

21. 10a3 640b3 27. 8x3 27y3

Guided Practice: Problem Set 5.5


31. 27x3 1 27 3x 1 9x2 + x + 1 3 9

35. 1 8

x3

1 27

y3

1 x 1 y 1 x2 + 1 xy + 1 y2 2 3 4 6 9

39. 64x6 y6

= (8x3)2 (y3)2 = (8x3 + y3) (8x3 y3) = (2x + y)(4x2 2xy + y2) (2x y) (4x2 + 2xy + y2)

Individual Practice - Homework


Problem Set 5.5, TB p. 310 Multiples of 4 (numbers 4, 8,, 40)

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