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Pad Foundation: Lectured By: School of Quantity Surveying & Construction Management

Pad foundations are shallow foundations used to support structures by transferring loads to the ground. They consist of a reinforced concrete base and column supports. Pad foundations are often used when the soil has adequate bearing capacity within 3 meters of the surface. They prevent settlement, movement, and overturning of structures. Measurement of pad foundations involves calculating quantities of concrete, formwork and reinforcement.

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612 views

Pad Foundation: Lectured By: School of Quantity Surveying & Construction Management

Pad foundations are shallow foundations used to support structures by transferring loads to the ground. They consist of a reinforced concrete base and column supports. Pad foundations are often used when the soil has adequate bearing capacity within 3 meters of the surface. They prevent settlement, movement, and overturning of structures. Measurement of pad foundations involves calculating quantities of concrete, formwork and reinforcement.

Uploaded by

opulithe
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pad Foundation

Lectured by: Ms. Noorhidayah Sunarti School of Quantity surveying & Construction Management

What is Foundation?

Foundation is the element of a structure that serves to support the loads super-imposed to it through the transmitting elements (such as columns).

Functions
1.
2.

3.
4. 5. 6.

Prevent settlement (including differential settlement) of a structure Prevent possible movement of structure due to periodic shrinkage and swelling of subsoil Allow building over water or water-logged ground Resist uplifting or overturning forces due to wind Resist lateral forces due to soil movement Underpin (support) existing or unstable structures

Classification of Foundation
Foundation in general can be classified into a number of ways, such as:
1. Simple, Shallow and Deep foundation 2. Pad/strip type and piled foundation

Examples of shallow foundation

Shallow and piled foundation

Shallow foundation

This type of foundation usually refers to those being rested on stratum with adequate bearing capacity and laid less than 3m below ground level. Common examples include pad, strip or raft foundations. A combination of two or three type of shallow foundation in one single structure is not uncommon.

Types of Shallow Foundation

Raft Foundation

Raft foundation is a large combined thick slab designed to seat and support the whole or a large part of a structure. A raft is usually used when subsoil is weak, or columns are closely located and with deviated loadings. It also serves as a transfer slab to combine and tie up all the vertical loading elements to the plate-form foundation. By doing so, differential settlement can be avoided.

Types of Shallow Foundation

Balanced base Foundation

MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES
ELEMENT: PAD FOUNDATION

**refer to drawings plan , section view Components:


Reinforced foundation base / concrete pad Column stump

TAKING-OFF LISTS (items to be measured)

Reinforced foundation base / concrete pad


Concreting works Reinforced concrete Grade __ in concrete pad / foundation base. (m3) Lean Concrete blinding Grade _ under concrete pad / foundation base. (m2) Formwork Sawn formwork to sides of concrete pad / foundation base. (m2) Reinforcement works (not available in this task) High tensile reinforcement bar in concrete pad (kg/m) Mild steel reinforcement bar in concrete pad (kg/m)

Plan of Pad Foundation


300mm 1250mm 300mm

1250mm Nos. of foundation base = 4 nos. Nos. of column stump = 4 nos.

Section of pad foundation

G.L 750mm
6R8-225 4Y20

Column stump

300mm

Reinforced concrete pad 25mm Thick lean concrete

TAKING-OFF LISTS (items to be measured)

Reinforced column stump


Concreting works Reinforced concrete Grade _ in column stump (m3) Formwork Sawn formwork to sides of column stump (m2)

Reinforcement works (not available in this task) High tensile reinforcement bar in column stump (kg/m) Mild steel reinforcement bar in column stump (kg /m)

Piled foundation

Piled foundation is a form of foundation using piles to transfer the loads of a structure down to a firm soil stratum with sufficient load-taking capacity. Materials for the piles can be of: Timber Pre cast concrete (sometimes also pre-stressed) In-situ reinforced concrete steel piles in H or circular section

Loading supports to pile

Loading supports to pile

Classification of Piled Foundation

Piled Foundation can be classified into:


1.End Bearing pile or Friction pile (or of combined nature) 2.Piles formed by manual or mechanical methods 3.Percussion Piles (driven by hammer) or Nonpercussion Piles (form by augering, boring or drilling) 4.Displacement or replacement piles

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