Port
designer's
handbook
Second edition
Carl A. Thoresen
thomastelford
Contents
Foreword Preface and acknowledgements About the author
1
xi
xiii
xvii
Port 1.1 1.2 1.3
planning
Introduction
1 1 1 15 25 29
assessment
Planning procedures
Subsurface investigations
1.4
1.5 1.6
Hydraulic laboratory studies
Life-cycle management Safety management and risk
29 32 34
References and further reading
2
Environmental forces 2.1
2.2 2.3
General Wind
Waves Current Ice forces
34 34 47
61 69
2.4
2.5
References and further
3
reading
72
73 73 76 86 89
Channels and harbour basins
3.1 3.2
3.3
Channels and waterways
Harbour basin
3.4
3.5
Anchorage areas Area of refuge Grounding areas
References and further
89
reading
89 91 91 95 103
Berthing requirements
4.1 4.2 4.3
Operational
Navigation
conditions
Tugboat
assistance
Port
designer's handbook 4.4 4.5
4.6 4.7 4.8 Wind and
wave
restrictions
114
121 130 140
Ship
movements
Traditional mooring system Automatic mooring system
Passing ships
141 141 142 142
4.9
4.10 4.11
Visibility Port regulations Availability of berth
References and further
reading
143 145 145
Impact from ships
5.1 5.2 5.3 General The theoretical The
or
kinetic method
145 153
153
empirical method
5.4
5.5 5.6 5.7
The statistical method Abnormal impacts
154
155
Absorption of fender forces Ship 'hanging' on the fenders References and further reading
157
158 159 159 161 163
Design considerations
6.1
General Design life Load factors
Material factors Characteristic loads from the Characteristic loads
on sea
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8
164 side
166 berth
structures
166 169
170
Characteristic loads from the land side
Summary
of loads acting from the
sea
side
References and further 7
reading
171
172
Safety considerations
7.1
General
172
172 172 176 176 177 177 178 179
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5 7.6 7.7
Specification safety Design safety Construction safety Personnel safety Operational safety Total safety
References and further reading
Types of berth
8.1
structures
General Vertical loads
179
181
8.2
vi
Contents 8.3
Horizontal loads Factors
183 the choice of structures
8.4
8.5
affecting
189 193 193 195
195 195 199 200
Norwegian and international berth construction References and further reading
structures
Gravity-wall
9.1 9.2
General Block wall berths Caisson berths Cell berths
9.3
9.4
References and further
10 Sheet 10.1 10.2 10.3
reading
211 212 212 213
pile wall
General
structures
Driving of steel sheet piles Simple anchored sheet pile wall berths
Solid Semi-solid
218
224
10.4
10.5 10.6
platform berths platform berth
228
228 229 230 230 235 241 253 255
Drainage of the steel sheet piles References and further reading
structures
11
Open berth
11.1
General
11.2
Column berths Pile berths Lamella berths
11.3 11.4
11.5
Open berth slabs
References and further reading
278 279 279
279
12 Berth details 12.1 12.2 12.3 General
Lighting
Electric Water
power
supply
279
12.4
12.5 12.6
Potable and
raw water
supply
280 280 281 282
drainage system Sewage disposal
12.7
12.8 12.9 12.11
Oil and fuel interceptors Access ladders Handrails and
282 282
283
guardrails
12.10 Kerbs
Lifesaving equipment
284 284
291
12.12 Pavements 12.13 Crane rails
References and further
reading
294
vii
Port
designer's handbook
295 295 296 298 298 300 303 310 319
13 Container terminals
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4
13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9
Site location
Existing
areas areas
Potential Terminal
Container
ships
areas
Ship-to-shore crane Container handling systems The terminal area requirements
The International
Ship
and Port
Facility
Security Code (ISPS Code)
326 332 333 334 334 335 336 341 343 345
and Container Security Initiative (CSI) 13.10 The world's largest container ports References and further
14 Fenders 14.1
reading
General Fender requirements Surface-protecting and energy-absorbing fenders
Different types of fender Installation Effects of fender compression
14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14-6 14.7 14.8 14.9
Properties of
fender
348 353 356 359
360 361 362 363
Single-
and double-fender systems
Fender wall
pressure
14.10 Hull
14.11 Spacing of fenders 14.12 Cost of fenders 14.13
Damage
to
fender
structures
14.14 Calculation
examples
14.15 Information from fender manufacturers References and further reading
15 Erosion protection 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 General Erosion due Erosion due Erosion due
to wave to to
366 378
379
379
action 383 action
the
main
propeller
384
386 389 390 397 399 400
the thrusters protection layer
The
required
stone
Erosion
protection systems Operational guidelines References and further reading
16 Steel corrosion 16.1
General
400
viii
Contents
16.2
16.3
Corrosion
rate
401 402 405 405 405
407
16.4
16.5
Corrosion protection systems Astronomical low water corrosion
Stray current
corrosion
References and further reading
17 Underwater 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5
concreting
General Different methods of underwater concreting Tremie pipe method
407 407 409 422 424
structures
Concrete AWO
production of
tremie concrete
concrete
17.6 17.7 17.8
Damage during construction of new Repairs of new concrete Concrete plant and supervision
References and further
428 431
432 435
437
reading
18 Concrete deterioration 18.1 18.2 18.3
General
437
structures
Durability of concrete berth Freezing and thawing
Erosion Chemical deterioration
438 440 440 440 441 447 447 449 450 451
18.4
18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8
Corrosion of reinforcement
Resistivity
Condition Concrete
survey
cover
18.9
18.10 Surface
18.12
treatments
18.11 Condition
18.13 In situ
survey structure
Overloading of the berth quality control
452 453 453 454 454 454 455
457 458 460
References and further reading
19 Concrete repair 19.1 19.2 General Assessment
19.3 19.4 19.5
19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9
Maintenance manual and service inspection Condition of a structure
Repairs of concrete Repairs in Zone 1 Repairs in Zone 2
Repairs
in Zone 3
464 468 472 476
ix
Cathodic protection
19.10 Chloride extraction
Port
designer's handbook
19.11 Costs of repairs References and further
477
reading
477 478
20 Port maintenance 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4
Responsibility for
maintenance
478 478 478 479 479 481
Spares Management information
Maintenance
personnel
20.5 20.6 20.7
20.8 20.9 20.10 20.11
Plant and equipment Infrastructure
Optimisation of design
to
reduce future maintenance
costs
481 485 486 487 488 489 490
Maintenance management Maintenance strategy
Inspections Rating and prioritisation
20.12 Condition assessment ratings 20.13 Post-event condition ratings
20.14 Recommendations and follow-up
20.15
actions
491 492 492 493
494 494 495
Repair prioritisation
References and further
20.16 Maintenance data management
reading
21
Ship
21.1
dimensions
General
21.2
21.3
Ship dimensions Recommended design dimensions
Recommendation
References and further
505
521 521 522
21.4
reading
22 Definitions References and further 23 Conversion factors
reading
535
536 536
536
23.1
23.2 23.3
Length Speed
Area Volume
537 537 537 537
23.4
23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 23.9
Weight
Force Force per unit
length
538 538 538 538
Force per
Moment
unit area
23.10
Temperatures
23.11 Useful data
538
539
Index
