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Week 4 Discussion Handout

This document defines various mathematical operations on scalar, vector, and tensor fields including divergence, gradient, curl, and Laplacian. It provides the component form of these operations in a standard basis. It also lists several useful identities relating these operations, such as how divergence and curl interact with product and composite functions. Exercises at the end involve using these operations and identities to prove mathematical statements.

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25 views

Week 4 Discussion Handout

This document defines various mathematical operations on scalar, vector, and tensor fields including divergence, gradient, curl, and Laplacian. It provides the component form of these operations in a standard basis. It also lists several useful identities relating these operations, such as how divergence and curl interact with product and composite functions. Exercises at the end involve using these operations and identities to prove mathematical statements.

Uploaded by

grvmaurya999
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 4 Discussion Handout

Denitions Let f , v and A be a scalar, a vector and a second order tensor elds, respectively, dened on an open domain U of V and continuously dierentiable on U . Let c V be xed. Then we have the following denitions. Last denition assumes twice continuously dierentiable f and u. div v = tr v. (curl v) c = div(v c). (div A) c = div(AT c). (curl A) c = curl(AT c). f =div( f ), v =div( v) and ( A) c = (Sc) ( denotes the Laplacian operator). Components in some standard basis (e1 , e2 , e3 ) (f )i = f,i . (v)ij = vi,j . div v = vi,i . (curl v)i = eijk vk,j . (div A)i = Aij,j . (curl A)ij = eimn Ajn,m . f = f,ii . ( v)i = vi,jj . ( A)ij = Aij,kk . Some useful identities Let , v, w and S be continuously dierentiable elds with scalar valued, v and w vector valued, and S tensor valued. Then we have the following identities. First six of these are applications of product rule (or the Leibnizs rule). 7 to 14 assume the corresponding elds to be twice continuously dierentiable. 1. (v) = v + v 2. div(v) = div v + v 3. (v w) = (w)T v + (v)T w 4. div(v w) = v div w + (v) w 5. div(ST v) = S v + v div S 6. div(S) = div S + S 7. curl = 0. 8. div curl v = 0. 9. curl curl v = div v u. 10. curl u = 0. 11. curl(uT ) = curl u. 1

12. div curl S=curl div ST . 13. div (curl S)T = 0. 14. (curl curl S)T = curl curl ST . Exercises 1. Prove using divergence theorem:

v n dA =

v dV .

2. Show that vol() =

1 3

x n dA, where x denotes the position vector of a point in .

3. Let A be a second order tensor eld that satises div A = 0 over some open region R of V . Show that x An dA = 0

for all regular parts inside R

implies that A Sym.

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