ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3

APPLIANCES RATINGS

SUBMITTED BY: PORLAY, MARETSHAM M. QUIONES, IRENE BSA-3A

HOME APPLIANCES Home appliances are electrical/ mechanical machines which accomplish some household functions, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into: Major appliances, or White goods A major appliance, or domestic appliance, is usually defined as a large machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task, which includes purposes such as cooking, or food preservation, whether in a household, institutional, commercial or industrial setting. Major appliances include the dishwasher, refrigerator, stove, washing machine, and dryer. Small appliances, or Brown goods Small appliances, Small domestic appliances, or brown goods (from the color of the wooden and bakelite cases once used) are portable or semi- portable machines, generally used on table-tops, counter-tops, or other platforms, to accomplish a household task. Examples of brown goods are: television and wireless sets; microwave ovens; coffee makers; and personal computers. Consumer electronics, or Shiny goods Consumer electronics (abbreviated CE) are electronic equipment intended for everyday use, most often in entertainment, communications and office productivity. Main products include audio equipment, television sets, MP3 players, video recorders,

DVD players, digital cameras, camcorders, personal computers, video game consoles, telephones and mobile phones. Increasingly these products have become based on digital technologies. HOUSE HOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION Hydro bills are established by finding out how many kilowatt hours of electricity your household has used in a given time. 1 kWh = kilowatts X time (hours) 1 kWh = 1 000 Watts X 1 hour 1 kWh = 1 000 W X 3 600 seconds Reading the Meter always use the smallest number This reading should be 88762 HOUSE HOLD WIRING The wires coming into a house include a black, a red and a white. The black and the red wires are hot The white wire is neutral leading to a ground The black is rated as being 120 v from the neutral The red is rated as being 120 v from the neutral

ELECTRICITY ENTERING YOUR HOUSE

THE SERVICE PANEL Since the service panel has black, red, and white wires, the total voltage is 120 + 120 = 240 volts. The service panel usually contains circuit breakers. The breakers have either a red or a black wire attached to them. The service panel provides electricity for the branch circuits.

THE NEUTRAL WIRE (WHITE) The neutral wire is the ground Grounds protect us from electrocution Service Panel has a ground wire 3 prong plug the circular, bottom hole leads to the ground buried outside.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS Circuit breakers open the circuit when a current in a house wire exceeds the rated current for that circuit. The circuit breaker protects people from being electrocuted to death and protects us from burning down the house. Circuit overloads cause the generation of heat. Ordinary breakers are rated as 15 amps. There are bigger breakers provided for such circuits that require 240 volts e.g.. Dryers and water heaters. Instead of circuit breakers some electrical devices have fuses. Often electric stoves have fuses. HOUSE HOLD WIRING House hold circuits are 120 volts and are alternating current. Appliances are usually connected in parallel. The circuits are polarized. That is, the black wire is connected in a certain way and the neutral wire is connected in a certain way. Polarized plugs reduce the risk of an electrical shock by forcing electricity to flow in one general direction

THREE PRONGED PLUG The round prong is the ground (c) The longer hole is connected to the white wire (a) (neutral). We need this wire to complete the circuit. The shorter hole is connected to the black wire. (hot 120 Volts) (b) The grounded plug is safer than a two pronged plug. FUSES Fuses are used to limit the current flowing through a circuit or into an appliance. A fuse will melt when the current flowing through it exceeds the rating of the fuse. This protects the flex from overheating which could result in a fire. The circuit is then broken and the flow of current stops. EARTH WIRE

 The earth wire is a safety feature which prevents the metal casing of an appliance becoming dangerous to touch when a fault occurs. A large current will flow through the earth wire and the fuse will melt, protecting the appliance. DOUBLE INSULATION Double insulated appliances. If you are fitting a plug to a double insulated appliance (labelled with the double insulated symbol), you should not have an earth conductor in your flex.

POWER RATING OF AN APPLIANCE The power rating of an appliance or a component is defined as the amount of energy used by the component / appliance in one second The power rating tells us the rate at which energy is transformed, that is the energy transformed each second.

The electric power required by an electric appliance can be estimated as (the appliance's electric CURRENT) (the VOLTAGE across its terminals). For example if the current through a household light bulb is 0.5 amperes and the voltage across its filament is the common 120 volts, then its power is (0.5 amperes) (120 volts) = 60 ampere volts = 60 watts. Note: 1 amp 1 volt is defined to be 1 watt. Power represents the RATE at which electric energy is being fed to an appliance. Note that the power is properly zero if the voltage across the appliance is zero which is true when it is switched OFF. Fortunately, most electric appliances have labels that give their power ratings, and it is not necessary to know the electric currents flowing through them to calculate their power requirements. Furthermore, the VOLTAGE supplied to most household appliances is 120 volts, so Power = (120 volts) (CURRENT in amps). From this equation, it is clear that higher power appliances require more amps. The electric energy, in kilowatt hours (kWh), used by an appliance over a time interval is

. Many electric appliances operate using one or more of the following three parts: A. electric motor (e.g., a fan), B. electric current flowing through a conductor that gets hot (e.g., a toaster), C. an electromagnet (e.g., a solenoid valve that quickly opens and closes, controlling water flow in a washing machine).

TYPICAL APPLIANCE POWER RATINGS

TYPICAL APPLIANCE POWER RATINGS AND SIZING BACK-UP SYSTEMS

For a final calculation of your watt*hour usage, we recommend that you look at each appliance to be powered to find it rated power. We also offer meters (Brand Power Meter and the Kill a Watt Power Meter) which are specifically designed to measure how much power an appliance consumes. For detailed specifications on the Brand 1850W model, or for the Kill a Watt Meter.

When determining how many Watt x Hours you're appliances will use keep in mind that many of the appliances that you might use will only be run for an average of a few minutes per day. For instance a 500W weed eater may be used for 1 hour every week. That translates to an average of 71Watt*Hours per day (500W / 7 Days). Also, there are appliances like refrigerators which although appear to be "on" all day, actually are running between 12 to 15 hours a day (turning off and on as needed). Air conditioning units run on and off all day depending on the cooling needs of the home and the outdoor temperature. Finally, be aware of "ghost loads". These are devices that people commonly forget to include in their calculations. These devices typically consume a small amount of energy (<1W) but are running 24 hours a day. Examples of typical ghost loads would be AC adapters, clocks, VCRs, TVs, microwaves and printers. Many of these devices require power to maintain their clocks running (e.g. VCR, TV and microwave). Although the amount of energy consumed on an hourly basis is small, the fact that they run all day can easily add as much as 100W*Hrs per day. Example: The electric energy used by a 100 watt light bulb operating for 24 hours is (100 watts) (24 hours) / (1000 watt hours/kWh) = 2.4 kWh.