MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,

NOIDA

Syllabus For B. TECH. SECOND YEAR Of

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING(CSE)

&
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) (Effective from the Academic Session: 2013-14)

SCHEME OF EVALUATION OF B. TECH SECOND YEAR (COMMON TO CSE AND IT) SEMESTER III Periods S.N O. 1 Subject Code AS-306/ HU-301 Subjects Technical Writing/ Human Behaviour (Including Human Sociology and Psychology) Mathematics-III L 3 T 0 P 0 Evaluation Scheme Sessional CT TA TOT 10 10 20 End Semester P Th P 80 Total 100 Credit 3

AS-301A

30 20 50

100

150

3 4 5 6 7 8

EE-305 CS-301 EC-302 CS-302 AU-301 GP-301

Sensor & Instrumentation Data Structures Digital Design Discrete Structures Human Values and Professional Ethics General Proficiency

3 3 3 3 2

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 0

20 10 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 30 30 30 20

15 15 15 15 50

100 100 100 100 80 -

30 30 30 30 -

175 175 175 175 100 50 1000

5 5 5 5 Comp Audit course 27

18/20 5/ 6

L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical/Project Th: Theory TOT: Total

CT: Class Test

TA: Teachers Assessment

TA =10 (5 for teachers assessment plus 5 for attendance) TA=20 (10 for teachers assessment plus 10 for attendance) P= 15(4marks for practical exam. 4marks viva. 4marks for lab. records and 3 marks for quiz). P= 30(10marks for practical exam. 10marks viva. 5marks for lab. records and 5 marks for quiz).

Note: AU-301/AU-401 may be offered in both the Semesters. A student has to clear this subject in second year or in any semester after second year.

SEMESTER IV Periods S.N O 1 Subject Code HU-401/ AS-406 Subjects Human Behaviour (Including Human Sociology and Psychology)/ Technical Writing Basics of System Modelling and Simulation Computer Organization Data Base Management Systems Object Oriented Programming with C++ Theory of Computation Human Values and Professional Ethics General Proficiency
20 /18 6/5 8

Evaluation Scheme Sessional CT TA TOT 10 10 20 End Semester P Th P 80 Total 100 Credit 3

L 3

T 0

P 0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

AS-402 CS-401 CS-402 CS-403 CS-404 AU-401 GP-401

3 3 3 3 3 2

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 2 2 2 2 0

30 20 50 20 10 30 20 10 30 20 10 30 20 10 30 10 10 20

15 15 15 15 50

100 100 100 100 100 80 -

30 30 30 30 -

150 175 175 175 175 100 50 1000

4 5 5 5 5 Comp Audit course 27

L: Lecture T: Tutorial P: Practical/Project Th: Theory TOT: Total

CT: Class Test

TA: Teachers Assessment

TA =10 (5 for teachers assessment plus 5 for attendance) TA=20 (10 for teachers assessment plus 10 for attendance) P= 15(4marks for practical exam. 4marks viva. 4marks for lab. records and 3 marks for quiz) P= 30(10marks for practical exam. 10marks viva. 5marks for lab. records and 5 marks for quiz).

SEMESTER III
(COMMON TO CSE AND IT)

AS-306/AS-406: TECHNICAL WRITING

L : T : P :: 3 : 0 : 0 Objective of The Course To impart basic skills in Technical Communication in various formats of technical writing to MCA and second year UG students in the English language. Having achieved the basic skills in professional communication in English through laboratory practice teaching, the students are required to learn various forms of technical writings. Communication is not restricted to forms of verbal interaction among the professionals. Every professional is required to be proficient in Technical Communication as well. Such proficiency is desired to be achieved through class room learning of different formats of technical writing which are usually used in any technical profession. Desired Outcome of The Course The students must be able to : (a) Understand Communication as a process and channels of it in general and Technical Communication in particular. (b) Learn Technical writing including sentence structure and be able to understand and use technology specific words. (c) Write scientific articles, synopsis, reports (routine and annual) including Project and Sample Reports. (d) Write Technical Notes, Proposals and Articles. (e) Learn to records minutes of meetings, Seminars, workshops, make technical presentations and learn resume/CV writing. Key Concepts Communication as a process of interaction between originator and receiver. Context of Technical Communication as means of indulgence in various forms and formats of technical writings as required in organizations-technological as well as commercial. Writing Skills : Selection of words and phrases in technical writing leading to sentence structure as well as length and structure of paragraph. Writing scientific Articles, Reports, recording minutes and Notes, authoring and review of Research Articles. Speaking Skills : Participation in Meetings, Seminars, Workshops and Technical Presentation. Teaching Methodology 1. Equipping the student for competent techno-specific Technical Communication in English Language and enabling the student to be proficient in technical writing. 2. The teacher is required to teach the course through lectures, tutorials and samples of written technical formats. 3. The teacher must project himself as a proficient expert in technical writing of English language. Credit : 3

4. The course has to be taught in small batches so as to give individual attention to students both, in the process of learning to write as well as participation in conferences, seminars, workshops and project presentations. 5. The Books suggested have portions of Technical Communication in each and as such the same be treated as base texts. Expansion of the parts be undertaken with the help of relevant matter through internet. Infact, the students be encouraged to enhance their technical writing skills by self learning. Unit - I CommunicationNature and process. Channels of CommunicationDown ward, upward and horizontal Communication. Networks and Barriers to Communication. Technical CommunicationDefinition, Oral and written Technical Communication. Importance and Need for Technical Communication Nature of Technical Communication-Aspects and Forms of Technical Communication Technical Communication Skills-Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing (Improving these with comprehensions). Unit -II Techniques of Writing, Selection of words and phrases in technical writing. Difference between Technical Writing and General Writing. Abstract and specific words Sentence structure, Requisites of sentence construction. Paragraph Length and structure Jargons and Clich. Unit -III Scientific Article Writing. Synopsis Writing, Project writing and Dissertation /Thesis Writing. Report Writing- meaning, significance, structure and style. Different type of Reports-routine reports and annual reports. Project Reports Sample Reports Technical Articles-nature, significance and types. Journal Articles and Conference Papers. Unit -IV Technical Note Making Mechanics and Note Writing Techniques. Technical Proposals- meaning, structure, types and significance. Types of Proposals Review and Research Articles. Elements of Technical Articles. Unit -V Meetings-Preparation of Agenda, participation, chairing and writing minutes of meetings. Conferences, Seminars, Technical Presentations and Workshops. Video Conferencing, technical description of engineering objects/produces and processes. Slogan Writing, Speech advertising.

CV Writing, difference between Biodata, CV and Resume. Types of resume and tips for resume writing. Text Books & References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. M Ashraf Rizvi, Effective Technical communication, Tata Mc Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2012. Kavita Tyagi, Padma Misra, Basic Technical Communication, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2012. Sangeeta Sharma, Binod Mishra, Communication Skills for Engineers and Scientist, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, 2012. Felicity O Dell & Michael Mc Carthy, Englsih Collocations in Advanced Use. Cambridge University Press 2010. Raymond Murphy. Essential English Grammar. Cambridge University Press. Sharon J. Gerson & Steven M. Gerson. Technical Writing, Eighth Impression, 2013, Pearson Education, Inc.

Performance & Evaluation System The students shall write two internal sessional tests as for other subjects besides the end-semester written exams. The internal sessionals will have a weightage of 20 marks and the end-semester theory examination shall carry 80 marks making the subject of Technical Writing worth 100 marks. Assignments are to be given to reinforce the concepts and ensure total understanding of technical writing. Suggested web-links: http://www.ego4u.com/ http://www.english4today.com/ http://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/ http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/ http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/ http://www.englishclub.com/ http://www.englishlearning.com/ http://learningenglish.voanews.com/ http://www.usingenglish.com/dictionary.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCS_99.http

HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(Including Human Sociology and Psychology) HU-301/HU-401

Objective of the Course: The course intends to impart knowledge and learning of different aspects of human behaviour especially in the organisational context that directs human behaviour. This has special significance to the professionals as these aspects of human behaviour needs to be accounted for while taking a decision with respect to enhancement of human productivity. UNIT-I Concept, Nature, Characteristics, Conceptual Foundations and Importance, Roles & Skills of Human Capital. Humans Knowing Behaviour- Approaches to understand Cognitive, Behaviouristic & Social Cognitive behaviour, Pro-social Behaviour Nature and
Determinants (Standard Behaviour, Altruism, Empathy).

UNIT-II Perception and Attribution: Concept, Nature, Process, Importance. Management and Behavioural Applications of Perception. Attitude: Concept, Process and Importance, Attitude Measurement. Attitudes and Workforce Diversity. Personality: Concept, Nature, Types and Theories of Personality Shaping, Personality Attitude and Job Satisfaction. Learning: Concept and Theories of Learning. UNIT -III Motivation: Meaning, Maslows, Herzberg, McClellands Theories of Motivation, Leadership: Style and Theories of Leadership-Trait, Behavioural and Situational Theories, Conflict Management: Conflict: Concept, Sources, Types, Classification of Conflict Intra, Individual, Interpersonal, Intergroup and Organisational, Resolution of Conflict. UNIT -IV Group Dynamics: Types of Group and their development stages, concept, status, norms size and cohesiveness. Power and Politics: Concept, Sources of Power, Distinction between Power, Authority and Influence, Approaches to Power, Political Implications of Power: Dysfunctional Uses of Power. References: 1. Newstrom John W. - Organizational Behaviour: Human Behaviour at Work (Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2. Luthans Fred - Organizational Behaviour (Tata Mc Graw Hill, 10th edition)

3. Mc Shane L. Steven, Glinow Mary Ann Von & Sharma Radha R. - Organizational Behaviour (Tata Mc Graw Hill) 4. Robbins Stephen P. - Organizational Behaviour (Pearson Education) 5. Hersey Paul, Blanchard, Kenneth H and Johnson Dewey E. - Management of Organisational Behaviour: 6. Greenberg Jerald and Baron Robert A. - Behaviour In Organisations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work (Prentice Hall of India) 7. Laurie J. Mullins 8. Ian Brooks : Essentials of Organizational Behaviour, Pearson Learning : Organizational Behaviour, Pearson Learning

9. Baron, R.A., Psychology, 5th Edition, Pearson

AS-301A:ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-III Group A (AEI, EE, EN, EC, IC, CS, IT, etc.)

1. 2.

Title of the course: Work load per week

ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS-III

(AS-301A)

a. Lecture (L): 3 hrs/week Total Lecture Hours per Semester: 42 b. Tutorials (T): 1 hrs/week Total Tutorial Hours Per Semester: 12+12 c. Total Credits: L+T+P 4 d. One credit is defined as one lecture load per week and two hours of selfstudy to be connected with tutorial and assignments. 3. Prerequisites of the course: Engineering Mathematics I & II.

4. Why you need to study this course:

Engineering Mathematics is one of the important tools of engineering .It is essential for an engineering student to know the mathematical terminology, concept and methods used in various engineering disciplines.

Course Objective:
Basic idea of the course will be to introduce the concept of Complex analysis, Mathematical

Methods (Fourier analysis, Z-transform and Difference equation), Mathematical Statistics, Linear Algebra and Numerical Analysis.

5. Learning outcomes expected from the course:

At the completion of this Course, student will have the basic skills required to: a. Understand the concept of Complex analysis including complex integration and conformal mapping which are useful to all branches of engineering. b. The concept of Mathematical Methods helps the students to understand various transforms which are useful all branches of engineering. c. The concept of Mathematical statistics will enable the students to understand models of probability distribution to be tested by statistical methods. d. Linear algebra is of growing importance in engineering research and teaching because it forms a foundation of numeric methods. e. Numerical Methods enable students to evaluation of definite integrals, the solution of equations and linear systems, the solution of differential equations etc.
Unit-I : Complex Analysis Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations . Conformal mapping (for linear transformation) . Cauchys theorem , Cauchy integral formula. Power Series, Taylor series, Laurent series . Zeros, Singularities, Poles. Residue theorem , Evaluation of real
2

integrals of the type

f (cos x, sin x ) dx and

f ( x ) dx .

Unit-II : Mathematical Methods Fourier Transform, Fourier sine and cosine transforms, Properties of transform, convolution theorem, Applications to boundary value problems. Difference equations and its solution . Z-transform, some standard Z-transforms, properties of Z-transform. Application to difference equations. Unit-III: Mathematical Statistics Elements of Probability theory, Bayess Theorem. Random variables, Distribution function, Probability Mass and Density functions, Joint distributions and Marginal and Conditional distributions. Expectation . Moments, Moment Generating function . Skewness , Kurtosis. Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distributions.

Unit-IV: Linear Algebra

Introduction to Group, Ring and Field*. Vector Spaces, subspaces, Linear Dependence & Independence, Bases and Dimension , Standard Bases of Rn, Coordinates with respect to a bases, complementary subspaces. Standard inner product, Norm, Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Process.
Unit-V: Numerical Techniques Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental equations by Newton- Raphson method and its rate of convergence. Solution of linear simultaneous equations by Gauss- Seidel method.Interpolation, finite differences, difference tables, Newtons forward & backward difference formulae , Newtons divided difference formula . Numerical differentiation and integration (Newtons Cotes Quadrature formula without proof), Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons 1/3rd& 3/8th rules. Solution of ordinary linear differential equations by Picards and Runge-Kutta 4th order methods. * Questions should not be set. Text Books: 1.Peter ONeil :Advance Engineering Mathematics, Cengage Learning 2. S.S. Sastry: Introductory Mathods of Numerical Analysis,Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd. 3. V. Krishna Murthy, V.P.Mainra, & J.L.Arora: An Introduction to Linear Algebra, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt.Ltd. 4. B.V.Ramana: Higher Engineering Mathematics, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. 5. S.R.K. Iyenger, R.K. Jain, Mathematical Methods, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing House. Reference Books: 1. Erwin Kreyszig: Advance Engineering Mathematics,Wiley India. 2. Michael Greenberg: Advance Engineering Mathematics, Pearson. 3. B.S.Grewal: Numerical Methods in Engg. & Science, Khanna Publisher. 4. Gilbert Strang: Linear Algebra and its application , Cengage Learning.

EE-305: SENSOR AND INSTRUMENTATION L T P 3 1 2 Objective & Out come of learning

This is intended to be a compulsory course for all branches of Engg. The objective of the course is to familiarize with different types of main sensors and transducers used in Industry and to familiarize how signal conditioning is to be carried out for further use. Then how to acquire this data for computer and to telemeter it over a distance. Some basic fundamental of virtual instrumentation system and display devices is stressed. This course enables the students to learn the sensors and transducers & their application course in industry. Pre-requisite: Basic courses of Electrical and Electronics Engg EE-101/EC-101 Unit-I Sensors & Transducer, Definition, Classification & Characterization, Displacement Sensors: Potentiometric, LVDT & Optical Encoder; Accelerometers: Mass & Piezoelectric; Strain Gauges: Wire & Semiconductor; Pressure Sensor: LVDT based Diaphragm & Piezoelectric, Temperature Sensor: Thermocouple, RTD, & Liquid in Glass; Flow Sensor: Ultrasonic, Electromagnetic, Laser & Thermal; Level Sensor: Ultrasonic & Capacitive; Proximity Sensor, Concept of Smart Sensors: Unit-II Signals Definition, Analog Signal Processing Circuits: Bridges, Op-amp Amplifiers, Differential Amplifiers, Active Filters(Low Pass & High Pass), Frequency to Voltage Convertor, Voltage to Frequency Convertor, Modulator (AM), & Demodulator (Envelop Detector). Unit-III Digital Processing of Analog Signal: Analog Multiplexer Circuit, S/H Circuit, ADC, DAC, Convolution, Digital Filtering, Digital Telemetry System: PCM Display Devices: Analog (CRT), Digital (LCD, LED) Recorders: Analog (Magnetic, Strip Chart), Digital Printers. Unit-IV Virtual Instrumentation Instrumentation System, DAQ System, Software for Virtual Instrumentation. Instrumentation System for Flow, Pressure, and Temperature Measurement Measurement Errors: Gross errors and systematic errors, Absolute and relative errors, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution and Significant figures. Unit-V Voltmeters and Multi-meters- Introduction, Multi range voltmeter, Extending voltmeter ranges, Loading, A C voltmeter using Rectifiers Half wave and full wave, Peak responding and True RMS voltmeters, Q-meter DC and AC Bridge circuits for resistance, capacitance and inductance measurements. Signal analysis: wave analyzer, harmonic distortion analyzer, spectrum analyzer.

Text Books 1. DVS Murthy Transducers and Instrumentation, PHI 2nd Edition 2013 2. D Patranabis Sensors and Transducers PHI 2nd Edition 2013. 3. Ranjan CS (et.al) Instrumentation and Device Systems PHI. Reference Books 1. Arun K. Ghosh Introduction to measurements and Instrumentation, PHI, 4th Edition 2012. 2. A.D. Helfrick and W.D. cooper Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques. PHI 2001 3. DAVID A. BELL Electronic Instrumentation & measurement 3rd Edition 2013, Oxford University Press. 4. Hermann K.P. Neubert, Instrument Transducers 2nd Edition 2012, Oxford University Press. Web Resource: NPTEL course. EE-305P 1. Study of Potentiometric Displacement Sensor. 2. Study of LVDT sensor 3. Study of Thermocouple & RTD sensors. 4. Frequency measurement of supply voltage 5. Study of Ultrasonic Flow Sensor 6. Study of ADC & DAC 7. Study of Proximity Sensors. 8. Acquisition of various sensors Output using USB DAQ. 9. Study of Active Low Pass Filter. 10. Study of Strain Gauges.

CS-301: Data Structures

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Prerequisite: Students should be familiar with procedural language like C and concepts of mathematics Objective: To make students understand specification, representation, and implementation of data types and data structures, basic techniques of algorithm analysis, recursive methods, applications of Data Structures. Course Outcome: On completion of this course, student should be able to1. Understand abstract data types 2. Understand and use arrays and link lists for various operations like insert, delete, append and concatenate etc. 3. Understand applications of link lists like polynomial addition and multiplication etc. 4. Understand operations on Stacks, Trees, AVL Trees, B-Trees and B+-Trees etc. 5. Understand representation of graphs and their traversal; concept of Minimum Spanning Tree etc. 6. Understand various sorting and searching algorithms with their time complexities. 7. Understand concept of garbage collection and compaction. Unit I Introduction: Basic Terminology, Elementary Data Organization, Algorithm, Efficiency of an Algorithm, Time and Space Complexity, Asymptotic notations: Big-Oh, Time-Space trade-off. Abstract Data Types (ADT). Arrays: Definition, Single and Multidimensional Arrays, Representation of Arrays: Row Major Order, and Column Major Order, Application of arrays, Sparse Matrices and their representations. Stacks: Primitive Stack operations: Push & Pop, Array and Linked Implementation of Stack in C, Application of stack: Prefix and Postfix Expressions, Evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion, Tower of Hanoi Problem, Simulating Recursion, Principles of recursion, Tail recursion, Removal of recursion Unit II Queues, Operations on Queue: Create, Add, Delete, Full and Empty, Circular queues, Array implementation of queues in C, Dequeue and Priority Queue. Linked lists: Array Implementation and Dynamic Implementation of Singly Linked Lists, Doubly Linked List, Circularly Linked List, Operations on a Linked List. Insertion, Deletion, Traversal, Polynomial Representation and Addition, Generalized Linked List. Linked implementation of stack, queues, Dequeue and Priority Queue.
Unit III

Searching : Sequential search, Binary Search Sorting: Comparison and Analysis Internal Sorting: Insertion Sort, Selection, Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, Two Way Merge Sort, Heap Sort, Radix Sort, Practical consideration for Internal Sorting

Hashing: Hash Function, Collision Resolution Strategies Storage Management: Garbage Collection and Compaction. Unit IV Trees: Basic terminology, Binary Trees, Binary Tree Representation: Array Representation and Dynamic Representation, Complete Binary Tree, Algebraic Expressions, Extended Binary Trees, Array and Linked Representation of Binary trees, Tree Traversal algorithms: Inorder, Preorder and Postorder, Threaded Binary trees, Traversing Threaded Binary trees, Huffman algorithm.
Search Trees: Binary Search Trees(BST), Insertion and Deletion in BST, Complexity of Search Algorithm, AVL trees, Introduction to m-way Search Trees, B Trees & B+ Trees.

Unit V Graphs: Terminology, Sequential and linked Representations of Graphs: Adjacency Matrices, Adjacency List, Adjacency Multi list, Graph Traversal : Depth First Search and Breadth First Search, Connected Component, Spanning Trees, Minimum Cost Spanning Trees: Prims and Kruskal algorithm. Transistive Closure and Shortest Path algorithm: Warshal Algorithm and Dijikstra Algorithm, Introduction to Activity Networks Text Books: 1. Aaron M. Tenenbaum, Yedidyah Langsam and Moshe J. Augenstein Data Structures Using C and C++ , Pearson Education. 2. Horowitz and Sahani, Fundamentals of Data Structures, Galgotia Publication. References: 1. Jean Paul Trembley and Paul G. Sorenson, An Introduction to Data Structures with applications, McGraw Hill. 2. R. Kruse et al, Data Structures and Program Design in C, Pearson Education. 3. Seymour Lipschutz, Data Structures with C Schaums Outline Series, TMH. 4. G A V Pai, Data Structures and Algorithms, TMH. Web References 1. http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=106102064 2. http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~jmor159/PLDS210/ppt/index.html 3. http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/courses/dats/dats.html 4. http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mount/420/Lects/420lects.pdf

Week Week-1

Lecture 1 Introduction,Elem entary Data Organization, Data Structure operations

Chapter Text-1 chapter-1

Lecture2 Algorithm Complexity and TimeSpace tradeoff.

Chapter Text-1 chapter-1

Lecture 3 Arrays: Ordered List, Linear and Multidimensional Arrays, Representations of Array Primitive Stack operations: Push & Pop, Array and Linked Implementation of Stack in C, Queues- Create, Add, Delete, Full and Empty, Circular queues,

Chapter Text-1 chapter-1

Week-2

Operations on Array: Traversal, Insertion, Deletion Application of stack: Prefix and Postfix Expressions, Evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion, Tower of Hanoi Problem, Array Implementation and Dynamic Implementation of Singly Linked Lists, Circularly Linked List,

Text-1 chapter-1

Week-3

Text-1 chapter-2

Application of arrays, Sparse Matrices and their and overview: Basic Terminology representations Simulating Recursion, Principles of recursion, Tail recursion, Removal of recursion

Text-1 chapter-1

Text-1 chapter-2

Lab Meeting Array Operations and Stack Operations using array Week -3 Application of stack: Evaluation of Expression

Text-1 chapter-3

Text-1 chapter-4, Text-2 chapter-3

Recursion, Queue Operations

Week-4

Text-1 chapter-4

Operations on a Linked List-List Insertion, Deletion, Traversal

Text-1 chapter-4

Doubly Linked List,

Text-1 chapter-4

Single Linked List

Week-5

Week-6

Week-7

Linked implementation of stack, queues, Dequeue and Priority Queue. Quick Sort

Text-1 chapter-4, Text-2 chapter-3 Text-1 chapter-4

Polynomial Representation and Addition, Sequential search, Binary Search

Text-1 chapter-4

Generalized Linked List

Text-1 chapter-4

Text-1 chapter-7

Insertion Sort, Selection, Bubble Sort,

Text-1 chapter-6 Text-2 chapter 7 Text-1 chapter-6, Text-2 chapter 7 Text-2 chapter 9

Double Linked List and applications Sorting

Week-8

Week-9

Radix Sort, Practical consideration for Internal Sorting Trees: Basic terminology, Binary Trees, Binary

Text-1 chapter-6 text-2 chapter 7 Text-1 chapter 6 Text-2 chapter 9 Text-1 chapter-5

Two Way Merge Sort

Hash Function, Collision Resolution Strategies Tree Representation: Array Representation and Dynamic Representation,

Text-1 chapter-6, Text-2 chapter 7 Text-2 chapter 9

Heap Sort

Sorting

Storage Management: Garbage Collection and Compaction. Complete Binary Tree, Algebraic Expressions, Extended Binary Trees, Array and Linked Representation of Binary trees, Huffman algorithm.

Sorting

Text-1 chapter-5

Text-1 chapter-5

Binary Tree

Week-10

Week-11

Week-12

Tree Traversal algorithms: Inorder, Preorder and Postorder, Binary Search Trees(BST), Insertion and Deletion in BST, Complexity of Search Algorithm B Trees & B+ Trees.

Text-1 chapter-5

Text-1 chapter-5

Text-1 chapter-8, reference-3

Threaded Binary trees, Traversing Threaded Binary trees Binary Search Trees(BST), Insertion and Deletion in BST, Complexity of Search Algorithm Graphs: Terminology, Sequential and

Text-1 chapter-5

Text-1 chapter-5

Tree traversal

Text-1 chapter-5

AVL trees, Introduction to m-way Search Trees

Reference-3 chapter 7

Binary Search Tree

Text-1 chapter-8, reference-3

Representations of Graphs: Adjacency Matrices, Adjacency

Text-1 chapter-8, reference-3

Height balanced tree

chapter 7 Week-13 Graph Traversal : Depth First Search and Breadth First Search Transistive Closure and Shortest Path algorithm: Warshal Algorithm and Dijikstra Algorithm Text-1 chapter-8

linked, Applications Connected Component, Spanning Trees, Transistive Closure and Shortest Path algorithm: Warshal Algorithm and Dijikstra Algorithm

chapter 7 Text-1 chapter-8

Week-14

Text-1 chapter-8

Text-1 chapter-8

List, Adjacency Multi list, Minimum Cost Spanning Trees: Prims and Kruskal algorithm Introduction to Activity Networks

chapter 7 Text-1 chapter-8 Graph Representatio n Shortest Path

Text-1 chapter-8

Lab. CS-301P NOTE: More programs can be added to the list

Write Program in C or C++ for following:

Array implementation of Stack, Queue, Dequeue, Circular Queue,List.

Programs solving problem of Tower of Hanoi for n disks with and without Tail Recursion.

Implementation of Stack, Queue, Circular Queue, List using Dynamic memory Allocation. Implementation of Tree Structures, Binary Tree, Tree Traversal, Binary Search Tree, Insertion and Deletion in BST. Implementation of Searching and Sorting Algorithms. Graph Implementation, BFS, DFS, Min. cost spanning tree, shortest path algorithm.

EC-302: Digital Design

Course Objective:

L:T:P ::3:1:2

This course is intended to provide the students with a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of digital logic circuits. Students should be able to analyze, design, and implement combinational and sequential circuits. Course Pre requisites: There are no definite prerequisites. However, an understanding of Boolean algebra will be useful. Course Contents: Unit Topic
Text Book / Topics

Lectures

I a)

Number Systems & Conversions :

Binary ,Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers Number base conversions Complement of numbers Signed Binary Numbers Binary Codes
Boolean Algebra And Logic Gates: Basic Theorems and properties of Boolean Algebra Boolean Functions Canonical and Standard Forms Other Logic Operations Digital Logic Gates Gate-level minimization:

1.2,1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7

b)

2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.2,3.3,3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7,3.8 3.9 3.10

c)

K- map method( up to five variable) POS simplification, 4 Dont care conditions NAND and NOR implementation, Other Two Level implementations Ex-OR Function QuineMc-Clusky method (Tabular method). 5 Combinational Logic : Analysis and Design Combinational circuits, Analysis procedure, design procedure
Binary adder-subtractor, Decimal adder Binary multiplier, Magnitude comparator Decoders, Encoders Multiplexers, Demultiplexers

II

4.1 to 4.4 8 4.1,4.2 4.3,4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9,4.10 4.11

III

SynchronousSequential Logic : Analysis and Design

Sequential circuits, Storage elements: latches andflip flops, Analysis of clocked sequential circuits 8 5.1, 5.2 5.3,5.4 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.2 6.3,6.4

State reduction and assignments, Design procedure.

Shift registers Counters( Ripple counters and Synchronous Counters)

IV

Asynchronous Sequential Logic : Analysis and Design Asynchronous sequential logic Analysis procedure
Circuit with latches Design procedure, Reduction of State and Flow tables Race free state assignment, Hazards Design Example

8 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8

V a)

Memory And Programmable Logic Devices

RAM Memory Decoding Error Detection and Correction ROM PLA PAL

7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

b)

State Machine Design with SM charts

Register Transfer Level Notations Algorithmic State Machines Design Example

8.2 8.4 8.5

Text Book: 1. Digital Design, M. Morris Mano and M. D. Ciletti, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Reference Books: 1. Fundamentals of Logic Design, Charles H. Roth, Jr., 5th Edition, Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson, 2004.

2. 2. "Digital Principles and Application", D P Leach, A P Malvino and Goutam Saha, 7th Edition, TMH

3. 3. "Digital Design - Principles and Practices" , J F Wakerly, 4th Edition, Pearson Education
Course Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

Understand various number systems and perform number conversions between different number systems Gain the knowledge of logic gates (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) Understand Boolean algebra and use it in representing, analyzing, and designing digital logic circuits. Use K-maps and Tabular Method to minimize and optimize two-level logic functions up to 5 variables. Design a combinational logic circuit from given specifications Analyze a given combinational circuits , developing a truth table and Boolean expression Design simple sequential logic circuit from given specifications. Analyze the behaviour of a given sequential circuit, producing an appropriate state table and state diagrams. Understand the basics of: ROM, RAM, PROM, PLA, PAL, etc.

Lab.EC- 302 P
Course Objective: This lab course focuses on design and implementation of combinatorial logic and sequential logic digital circuits. Students will design, construct, test and troubleshoot digital circuits of both combinational and sequential types in the lab. Course Pre requisites: This course has no prerequisites. The co-requisite course for this lab is EC-302 (Digital Design). Course Content:

ExpNo .

Experiment

Objective

Expected Outcome

1.

Verification of Logic Gate

1. To study and understand To get familiarized with pinconfiguration of different types nomenclature, pin-configuration, and data sheets of 74 series TTL ICs. of 74 series TTL ICs. 2. To verify and interpret truth tables for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR Exclusive OR and Exclusive NOR Gates. To get familiarized with the Different Portions of the datasheet for a Digital IC and using the datasheet to gather relevant information to utilize the IC as a Component in another Digital Logic Circuit.

2.

Using NAND and NOR gates as universal logic gates

1. To realize a given logic functions with the help of universal gateNAND Gate 2. To realize a given logic functions with the help of universal gate-NOR Gate 3. To realize an XOR and XNOR gate using minimum number of NAND gates.

To be able to use NAND or NOR gates for the implementation of any other gate and also for the realization of any given Boolean function

3.

Design and implementation of Adders and

1. To design and implement Half Adder and Half Subtractor using logic gates.

Should be able to understand Binary addition/subtraction by noting down the output readings of sum/difference and the

Subtractors

2. To design and implement Full Adder and Full Subtractor using logic gates 3. To design and implement 4- bit binary Adder/ Subtractor . Using IC 7483 4. To design and implement BCD adder using IC 7483

carry/borrow bit for different combinations of inputs. Should be able to understand the difference between BCD and Binary addition

Design and implementation of Code Converters

1. To design and implement BCD to excess-3( and vice versa) code converters using logic gates. 2. To design and implement Binary to gray (and vice versa code converters) using logic gates.

Should be able to understand and implement code-conversion process using basic logic gates

Design and implementation of Magnitude Comparators

1. To design and implement 2 bit Magnitude Comparator using logic gates. 2. To design and implement 8- bit Magnitude Comparator using IC 7485.

To understand the process of comparing two 2-bit numbers using logic gates To be able to understand, and use Equivalence Function for implementing Magnitude comparators. To get familiarized with Magnitude Comparator IC To understand and verify the concept of adding even and odd parity in the transmitted data To understand and verify the concept of checking even and odd parity in the received data To be able to understand and verify the concepts of encoding and de-coding using basic logic gates To get familiarized with the ICs used as encoder/decoder To be able to understand and verify the concepts of data multiplexing and demultiplexing using basic logic gates

Design and implementation of Parity Generators/ Checkers

1. To design and implement odd/even parity checker /generator using IC74180.

Design and implementation of encoders and decoders

1. To design and implement 4 to 2 encoder using logic gates. 2. To design and implement 3 to 8 decoder using logic gates 3. To study and test IC7445 and IC74147.

Design and implementation of Multiplexers and Demultiplexers

1. To design and implement 4:1 Multiplexer using logic gates. 2. To design and implement 1:4 De-

multiplexer using logic gates 3. To study and test IC74150 and IC 74154 9. Design and implementation of shift registers 1. To design and implement 4-bit SISO, SIPO, PISO and PIPO shift registers using Flip- flops. 2. To design and implement 8- bit Shift left/shift right register using flip-flops 10. Design and implementation of Synchronous and Asynchronous Counters 1. To design and implement 3-bit synchronous up/down counter. 2. To implement and verify 3-bit asynchronous up/down counter. 3.To design and implement synchronous /asynchronous MOD counters.

To get familiarized with the use of decoder IC as demultiplexer. To be able to understand and verify the concepts of Serial in-serial out, Serial in-parallel out, Parallel in- parallel out and Parallel in- serial out shift register operations

To be able to design and verify the up/down counting using synchronous/ ripple counters To understand the concept of Modulus and implement a synchronous/asynchronous counter for any given Modulus using minimum number of Flip-flops.

MINI PROJECT 11. Mini Project in Digital Design To design, implement and verify a mini project using easily attainable parts Students will acquire the ability to make links across different areas of knowledge and to generate, develop and evaluate ideas and information so as to apply these skills to the project task. Students will acquire collaborative skills through working in a team to achieve common goals.

Course Outcome: The students are expected to acquire basic troubleshooting skills necessary for the design and analysis of digital circuits. References: 1. Digital Design, M. Morris Mano and M. D. Ciletti, 5th Edition, Pearson Education 2. Fundamentals of Logic Design, Charles H. Roth, Jr., 5th Edition, Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson, 2004. 3. Virtual Lab Website http://www.vlab.co.in/, http://www.digital.iitkgp.ernet.in/dec/index.php

CS-303 : Discrete Structures

Prerequisites: Concepts of Mathematics.

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Objective: Introduce propositional and predicate logic, Introduce the basics of integer theory, counting principles, Introduce and work with important discrete data structures such as sets, relations, sequences, and discrete functions.

Course Outcome: On completion of this course, student should be able to1. Understand the concepts of Set Theory, Relations, Functions, Groups, Abelian Groups, Rings and Fields. 2. Understand the concepts of Propositional Logic, Predicate Calculus and Quantifiers; and how to check validity of statements. 3. Understand the concepts of Recurrence Relation and method to solve the Recurrence Relation using Generating Function. 4. Understand the basic concepts of Graph Theory. UNIT -I: Basic Structures- Sets, Functions and Relations Set Theory: Introduction to the theory of sets; combination of sets; multisets; ordered pairs, power sets; finite and infinite sets; principle of inclusion and exclusion; proofs of some general identities on sets. Relations: definitions and properties of relations; relation composition; representations of relations by binary matrices and digraphs; operations on relations. closure of relations; reflexive, symmetric and transitive closures. Warshall's algorithm to compute transitive closure of a relation; equivalence relations and equivalence classes, partial order sets, combination of partial order sets, Hasse diagram. definition, properties of lattices bounded, complemented, modular and complete lattice. Functions: definition, classification of functions, operations on functions. UNIT -II Techniques of Counting, Induction and recurrence Relation Recurrence Relation: Recursive definition of functions, Recursive algorithms, Method of solving recurrences. Counting: Introduction, Counting Techniques, Pigeonhole Principle, Permutation and Combinations. Induction: Mathematical induction, Variants of induction. UNIT -III Algebric Structures Algebraic Structures: Definition, Groups, types:Semi Groups,Monoid Group,Abelian group, properties of groups, Subgroups and order, Cyclic Groups, Cosets, Lagranges theorem, Normal Subgroups, Permutation and Symmetric groups, Group Homomorphisms, Definition and elementary properties of Rings and Fields, Integers Modulo n. UNIT -IV Logic Boolean Algebra: Introduction, Axioms and Theorems of Boolean algebra, Algebraic manipulation of Boolean expressions. Simplification of Boolean Functions, Karnaugh maps, Logic gates, Digital circuits and Boolean algebra. Propositional Logic: Proposition, well formed formula, Truth tables, Tautology, Satisfiability, Contradiction, Algebra of proposition, Theory of Inference. Predicate Logic: First order predicate, well formed formula of predicate, quantifiers, Inference theory of predicate logic.

UNIT -V Graphs and Trees Graphs: Definition and terminology, Representation of graphs, Multigraphs, Bipartite graphs, Planar graphs, Isomorphism and Homeomorphism of graphs, Euler and Hamiltonian paths, Graph coloring. Trees : Definition, Binary tree, applications of trees, Binary tree traversal, Binary search tree, spanning trees. Textbook: 1. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 6/e, McGraw-Hill, 2006. 2. Babu Ram et.al., Discrete Mathematics, Pearson Education. References: 1. C.L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1985. 2. Jean Paul Trembley, R Manohar, Discrete Mathematical Structures with Application to Computer Science, McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York, NY, 1975. 3. B. Kolman, R.C. Busby, and S.C. Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures, 5/e, Prentice Hall, 2004. 4. E.R. Scheinerman, Mathematics: A Discrete Introduction, Brooks/Cole, 2000. 5. R.P. Grimaldi, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics, 5/e, Addison Wesley, 2004. Web References 1. nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=106106094 2. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~asb/teaching/cs202-spring07/slides.html 3. www.abstractmath.org/MM/dm.pdf.

LAB. CS-303P:
Week Week-1 Lecture 1 introduction to the theory of sets; combination of sets; multisets; ordered pairs, power sets; finite and infinite Operations on relations. closure of relations; reflexive, symmetric and transitive closures. definition, properties of lattices bounded, complemented, modular and complete lattice. Chapter Text-1 chapter 2 Lecture2 principle of inclusion and exclusion; proofs of some general identities on sets; selected problems from each topic Warshall's algorithm to compute transitive closure of a relation; equivalence relations and equivalence classes Functions: definition, classification of functions, operations on functions Chapter Text-1 chapter 2 Lecture 3 Relations: definitions and properties of relations; relation composition; representations of relations by binary matrices and digraphs; Partial order sets, combination of partial order sets, Hasse diagram. Chapter Text-1 chapter 8 Lab Meeting Lab Experiment-1

Week-2

Text-1 chapter 7

Text-1 chapter 7

Text-1 chapter 7

Lab Experiment-2

Week-3

Text-1 chapter 7

Text-1 chapter 7

Recursive definition of functions

Text-1 chapter 2

Lab Experiment-3

Week-4

Recursive algorithms

Text-1 chapter 4 Text-1 chapter 6

Method of recurrences.

solving

Text-1 chapter 6 Text-1 chapter 5

Growth of functions.

Text-1 chapter 6 Text-1 chapter 4

Lab Experiment-4 Lab Experiment-5

Week-5

Introduction, Counting Techniques, variants of inductionweak induction and structural induction

Pigeonhole Principle, Permutation and Combinations Definition, Groups, types:Semi Groups,Monoid Group

Introduction to induction

Week-6

Text-1 chapter 4

Text-1 Chapter 11, Text-2 Chapter 10

Abelian group, properties of groups, Subgroups and order

Text-1 Chapter 11, Text2 Chapter 10 Text-1 Chapter 11, Text2 Chapter 10 Text-1 Chapter 11, Text2 Chapter 10 Text-1 chapter10

Lab Experiment-6

Week-7

Cyclic Cosets,

Groups,

Text-1 Chapter 11, Text-2 Chapter 10 Text-1 Chapter 11, Text-2 Chapter 10 Text-1 chapter10

Normal Subgroups,

Text-1 Chapter 11, Text-2 Chapter 10

Permutation and Symmetric groups,

Lab Experiment7

Week-8

Group Homomorphisms

Definition and elementary properties of Rings and field

Text-1 Chapter 11, Text-2 Chapter 10

Integers Modulo n

Lab Experiment-8

Week-9

Boolean Algebra: Introduction, Axioms and Theorems of Boolean algebra,

Algebraic manipulation of Boolean expressions.

Text-1 chapter-10

Simplification of Boolean Functions, Karnaugh maps, Logic gates, Digital circuits and Boolean algebra

Lab Experiment-9

Week10

Proposition, well formed formula, Truth tables

Text-1 chapter-1

Tautology, Satisfiability, Contradiction,

Text-1 chapter-1

Algebra of proposition, Theory of Inference.

Text-1 chapter-1

Lab Experiment10

Week11

First order predicate, well formed formula of predicate Graph:Definition and terminology

Text-1 chapter-1

quantifiers

Text-1 chapter-1

Inference theory predicate logic

of

Text-1 chapter-1

Lab Experiment11 Lab Experiment12 Lab Experiment13

Week12

Text-1 chapter-8

Representation graphs

of

Text-1 chapter-8

Multigraphs, graphs

Bipartite

Text-1 chapter-8

Week13

Planar graphs, Isomorphism and Homeomorphism of graphs Definition, Binary tree, applications of trees

Text-1 chapter-8

Euler and Hamiltonian paths

Text-1 chapter-8

Graph coloring.

Text-1 chapter-8

Week14

Text-1 chapter-9

Binary tree traversal

Text-1 chapter-9

Binary search spanning trees.

tree,

Text-1 chapter-9

Lab Experiment14

NOTE: More programs can be added to the list 1. Assume that the universal set U is finite. Given subsets A and B of U, write a program using bit strings to find the following a. b. A B c. A B d. A B e. A B 2. Implement sets which includes simulation of following operations on set a. Subset b. Union c. Intersection d. Cartesian product e. Membership f. Difference g. Power set h. Symmetric difference i. Set Cardinality 3. Using the matrix representation of binary relations on a finite set, write programs to a. Determine whether the relation is reflexive b. Determine whether the relation is symmetric c. Determine whether the relation is transitive d. Find the matrix representing intersection of two relations e. Find the matrix representing the union of two relations 4. Write a program to find the matrix representing the transitive closure using the Warshalls algorithm. 5. Write a code to check whether a function is one to one. 6. Write recursive function to find a. successor of a number b. predecessor of a number c. Ackermanns function for natural numbers m and n.

7. Write programs using recursion for each of the following. Also formulate and solve recurrences for them. a. Greatest Common Divisor of two numbers b. Linear Search c. Binary Search 8. Given a positive integer n and a nonnegative integer not exceeding n, write a program to find the number of r-permutations and r-combinations of a set with n elements 9. Given a positive integer n, write a program to list all the combinations of the set {1,2,3..., n} 10. Write functions to simulatea. AND b. OR c. NOT d. XOR e. NAND f. NOR 11. Write functions to implement the logical expressionsa. p AND (p OR q ) b. NOT p OR q c. (p AND q) OR ( NOT p AND NOT q ) 12. Write a program to simulate K-map to simplify the 3 variable Boolean expression 13. Write a program for binary tree traversal 14. Write a program for graph traversal a. DFS b. BFS

Human Values & Professional Ethics (Syllabus for the Value Education Course to be introduced in MTU Colleges/Institutes) Subject Code-AU-301/AU-401 Course Objective This introductory course input is intended a. To help the students appreciate the essential complementarily between VALUES and SKILLS to ensure sustained happiness and prosperity which are the core aspirations of all human beings. b. To facilitate the development of a Holistic perspective among students towards life, profession and happiness, based on a correct understanding of the Human reality and the rest of Existence. Such a holistic perspective forms the basis of value based living in a natural way. c. To highlight plausible implications of such a Holistic understanding in terms of ethical human conduct, trustful and mutually satisfying human behavior and mutually enriching interaction with nature. Thus, this course is intended to provide a much needed orientational input in Value Education to the young enquiring minds. Course Methodology The methodology of this course is universally adaptable, involving a systematic and rational study of the human being vis--vis the rest of existence. It is free from any dogma or value prescriptions. It is a process of self-investigation and self-exploration and not of giving sermons. Whatever is found as truth or reality is stated a proposal and the students are facilitated to verify it in their own right based on their Natural Acceptance and Experiential Validation This process of self-exploration takes the form of a dialogue between the teacher and the students to begin with and within the student himself/herself family. This self-exploration also enables them to evaluate their pre-conditionings and present beliefs.

Total No.of Lectures : 0 Total No.of Practice Sessions: Content for Lectures: Unit-I

Human Values & Professional Ethics Course Code-AU-301/AU-401 28 14 (of 1 hr. each)

L-T-P:2-1-

Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education (6) 1. Understanding the need, basic guidelines, content and process for Value Education. 2. Self Exploration-what is it? - its content and process; Natural Acceptance and Experiential Validation-as the mechanism for self exploration 3. Continuous Happiness and Prosperity-A look at basic Human Aspirations 4. Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facilities-the basic requirements for fulfillment of aspirations of every human being with their correct priority 5. Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly-A critical appraisal of the current scenario 6. Method to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at various levels. Unit-II Understanding Harmony in the Human Being-Harmony in Myself (6)

7. Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient I and the material Body 8. Understanding the needs of Self (I) and Body - Sukh and Suvidha 9. Understanding the Body as an instrument of I (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer) 10. Understanding the characteristics and activities of I and harmony in I 11. Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Swasthya; correct appraisal of Physical needs, meaning of Prosperity in detail 12. Programs to ensure Sanyam and Swasthya -Practice Exercised and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice Sessions. Unit-III Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society -Harmony in Human-Human Relationship (6) 13. Understanding harmony in the Family- the basic unit of human interaction 14. Understanding values in human - human relationship; meaning of Nyaya and program for its fulfillment to ensure Ubhay-tripti; Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) as the foundational values of relationship 15. Understanding the meaning of Vishwas; Difference between intention and competence

16. Understanding the meaning of Samman, Difference between respect and differentiation; the other salient values in relationship 17. Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Samadhan, samridhi, Abhay, Sah-astitva as comprehensive Human Goals 18. Visualizing a universal harmonies order in society-Undivided Society (Akhand Samaj), Universal Order (Sarvabhaum Vyawastha) - from family to world family. -Practice Exercise and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice Sessions. Unit-IV Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as Co-existence (5) 19. Understanding the harmony in the Nature 20. Interconnectedness and mutual fulfillment among the four orders of naturerecyclability and self-regulations in nature 21. Understanding existence as Co-existence (Sah-astitva) of mutually interacting unites in all-pervasive space. 22. Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of existence -Practice Exercise and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice Sessions. Unit-V Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics (5) 23. Natural acceptance of human values 24. Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct 25. Basis of Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order 26. Competence in professional ethics; a. Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order. b. Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people friendly ecofriendly production systems c. Ability to identify and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for above production systems. 27. Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems 28. Strategy for transition from the present state to universal Human Order; a. At the level of individual: as socially and ecologically responsible engineers, technologies and mangers. b. At the level of society: as mutually enriching institutions and organizations

Content for Practice Sessions: Unit-I Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value Education PS 1: Introduction yourself in detail. What are the goals in your life? How do you set your goals in your life? How do you differentiate between right and wrong? What have been your achievements and shortcomings in your life? Observe and analyze them. Expected Outcome: the students start exploring themselves; get comfortable to each other and to the teacher and start finding the need and relevance for the course. PS 2: Now a days, there is a lot of voice about many techno-genic maladies such as energy and natural resource depletion, environment pollution, global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation, soil degradation, etc. - all these seem to be man-made problems threatening the survival of life on Earth- What is the root cause of these maladies & what is the way out in your opinion? On the other hand, there is rapidly growing danger because of nuclear proliferation, arms race, terrorism, criminalization of politics, large scale corruption, scams, breakdown of relationships, generation gap, depression & suicidal attempts, etc - what do you thing, is the root cause of these threats to human happiness and peace - what could be the way out in your opinion? Expected Outcome: the students start finding that technical education without study of human values can generate more problems than solutions. They also start feeling that lack of understanding of human values is the root cause of all problems and the sustained solution could emerge only through understanding of human values and value based living. Any solution brought fear, temptation or dogma will not be sustainable. PS 3: 1. Observe that each one of us has Natural Acceptance, based on which one can verify right or not right for him. Verify this in case of: (i) What is Naturally Acceptable to you in relationship-Feeling of respect or disrespect? (ii) What is Naturally Acceptable to you - to nurture or to exploit others? Is your living the same as your natural acceptance or different?

2. Out of the three basic requirements for fulfillment of your aspirations-right understanding, relationship and physical facilities, observe how the problems in your family are related to each. Also observe how much time & effort your devote for each in your daily routine.

Expected Outcome 1. The students are able to see that verification on the basis of natural acceptance and experiential validation through living is the only way to verify right or wrong, and referring to any external source like text or instrument or nay other person cannot enable them to verify with authenticity; it will only develop assumptions. 2. The students are able to see that their practice in living is not in harmony with their natural acceptance most of the time and all they need to do is to refer to their natural acceptance to remove this disharmony. 3. The students are able to see that lack of right understanding leading to lack of relationship is the major cause of problems in their family and not the lack of physical facilities in most of the cases, while they have given higher priority to earning of physical facilities in their life ignoring relationships and not being aware that right understanding is the most important requirement for any human being. Unit-II Understanding Harmony in the Human Being-Harmony in Myself PS 4: List down all your desires. Observe whether the desire is related to Self (I) or Body. If it appears to be related to both, see which part of it is related to Self (I) and which part is related to Body. Expected Outcome: the students are able to see that they can enlist their desires and the desires are not vogue. Also they are able to relate their desires to I and Body distinctly. If any desire appears related to both, they are able to see that the feeling is related to I while the Physical facility is related to the body. They are also able to see that I and Body are two realities , and most of their desires are related to I and not body, while their efforts are mostly centered on the fulfillment of the needs of the body assuming that it will meet the needs of I too. PS 5: 1. (a) Observe that any physical facility you use, follows the given sequence with time: Necessary & tasteful-unnecessary & tasteful-unnecessary & tasteless-intolerable In contrast, observe that any feeling in you is either naturally acceptable or not acceptable at all. If naturally acceptable, you want it continuously and if not acceptable, you do not want it any moment. List down all your activities. Observe whether the activity is of I or of Body or with the participation of both I and Body. Observe the activities within I. Identify the object of your attention for different moments (over a period of say 5 to 10 minutes) and draw a line diagram connecting these points. Try to observe the link between any two nodes.

(b)

2.

3.

Expected Outcome: 1. The students are able to see that all physical facilities they use are required for limited time in limited quantity. Also they are able to see that in case of feelings, they want continuity of the naturally acceptable feelings and they do not want feelings which are not naturally acceptable even for a single moment. 2. The students are able to see that activities like understanding, desire, thought and selection are the activities of I only, the activities like breathing, palpitation of different parts of the body are fully the activities of body with the acceptance of I while the activities they do with their sense organs like hearing through ears, seeing through eyes, sensing through touch, tasting through tongue and smelling through nose or the activities they do with their work organs like hands, legs etc. are such activities that require the participation of both I and body. 3. The students become aware of their activities of I and start finding their focus of attention at different moments. Also they are able to see that most of their desires are coming from outside (through preconditioning or sensation) and are not based on their natural acceptance. PS 6: 1. Chalk out programs to ensure that you are responsible to your body-for the nurturing, protection and right utilization of the body. 2. Find out the plants and shrubs growing in and around your campus. Find out their use for curing different diseases. Expected Outcome: The Students are able to list down activities related to proper upkeep of the body and practice them in their daily routine. They are also able to appreciate the plants wildly growing in and around the campus which can be beneficial in curing different diseases Unit-III Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society -Harmony in HumanHuman Relationship PS 7: From small groups in the class and in that group initiate dialogue and ask the eight questions related to trust. The eight questions are: 1 a. Do I want to make myself happy? 1b. Am I able to make myself always happy? 2 a. Do I want to make the other happy? 2b. Am I able to make the other always happy? 3a. Does the other want to make him happy? 3b. Is the other able to make him always happy? 4a. Does the other want to make me happy? 4b. Is the other able to make me always happy? What is the answer? What is the answer? Competence Intention (Natural Acceptance) Let each student answer the questions for himself and everyone else. Discuss the difference between intention and competence. Observe whether you evaluate your intention & competence as well as the others & competence.

Expected Outcome: The students are able to see that the first four questions are related to our Natural Acceptance i.e. intention and the next four to our Competence. They are able to note that the intention is always correct, only competence is lacking! We generally evaluate ourselves on the basis of our intention and others on the basis of their competence! We seldom look at our competence and others intentions as a result we conclude that I am a good person and other is a bad person. PS 8: 1. Observe on how many occasions you are respecting your related ones (by doing the right evaluation) and on how many occasions you are disrespecting by way of underevaluation, over-evaluation or otherwise evaluation. 2. Also observe whether your feeling of respect is based on treating the other as yourself or on differentiations based on body, physical facilities or beliefs. Expected Outcome: the students are able to see that respect is right evaluation, and only right evaluation leads to fulfillment in relationship. Many present problem in the society are and outcome of differentiation (lack of understanding of respect), like gender biasness, generation gap, caste conflicts, class struggle, dominations through power play, communal violence, clash of isms, and so on so forth. All these problems can be solved by realizing that the other is like me as he has the same natural acceptance, potential and program to ensure a happy and prosperous life for him and for others though he may have different body, physical facilities or beliefs. PS 9: 1. Write a note in the form of story, poem, skit, essay, narration, dialogue to educate a child. Evaluate it in a group 2. Develop three chapters to introduce social science-its need, scope and content in the primary education of children Expected Outcome: The students are able to use their creativity for education children. The students are able to see that they can play a role in providing value education for children. They are able to put in simple words the issues that are essential to understand for children and comprehensible to them. The students are able to develop an outline of holistic model for social science and compare it with the exiting model. Unit-IV Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as Co-existence

PS 10: List down units (things) around you. Classify them in for orders. Observe and explain the mutual fulfillment of each unit with other orders. Expected Outcome: The students are able to differentiate between the characteristics and activities of difference orders and study the mutual fulfillment among them. They are also able to see that human beings are not fulfilling to other orders today and need to take

appropriate steps to ensure right participants (in terms of nurturing, protection and utilization) in the nature. PS 11: 1. Make a chart for the whole existence. List down different courses of studies and relate them to different units or levels in the existence. 2. Choose any one subject being taught today. Evaluate it and suggest suitable modifications to make it appropriate and holistic. Expected Outcome: The students feel confident that they can understand the whole existence; nothing is a mystery in this existence. They are also able to see the interconnectedness in the nature, and pint out how different courses of study related to the different units and levels. Also they are able to make out how these courses can be made appropriate and holistic. Unit-V Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics

PS 12: Choose any two current problems of different kind in the society and suggest how they can be solved on the basis of natural acceptance of human values. Suggest steps you will take in present conditions. Expected Outcome: the students are able to present sustainable solutions to the problems in society and nature. They are also able to see that these solutions are practicable and draw roadmaps to achieve them. PS: 13 Suggest ways in which you can use your knowledge of Technology/Engineering/ Management for universal human order, from your family to the world family. 2. Suggest one format of humanistic constitution at the level of nation from your side. Expected Outcome: The students are able to grasp the right utilization of their knowledge in their streams of Technology/Engineering/Management to ensure mutually enriching and recyclable productions systems. PS:14 The course is going to be over now. Evaluate your state before and after the course in terms of: a. Thought b. Behavior c. Work and d. Realization Do you have any plan to participate in the transition of the society after graduating from the institute? Write a brief note on it. Expected Outcome: The students are able to sincerely evaluate the course and share with their friends. They are also able to suggest measures to make the course more effective and 1.

relevant. They are also able to make us of their understanding in the course for a happy and prosperous society. Term Paper Text Book and Reference Material a. The text book: R.R. Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, 2009, A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics, Excel Books Private Limited, New Delhi Teachers Manual: R.R. Gaur, R Sangal, G P Bagaria, 2009, Teachers Manual: A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional Ethics, Excel Books Private Limited, New Delhi Video CD of Teacher Orientation Workshop will be made available on website. c. 1. Reference Books Ivan Illich, 1974, Energy & Equity, The Trinity Press, Worcester, and Haper Collings, USA. 2. E.F. Schumacher, 1973, Small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered, Blond & Briggs, Britain. 3. Sussan George, 1976, How the other Half Dies, Penguin Press, Repreinged 1986, 1991. 4. Donella H, Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randders, William W. Behrens III, 1972, Limits to Growth-Club of Romes report, Universe Books. 5. A Nagraj, 1998, Jeevan Vidya ek Parichay, Divya Path Sansthan, Amarkantak. 6. P.L. Dhar, RR Gaur, 1990, Science and Humanism, Commonwealth Publishers. 7. AN Tripathy, 2003, Human Values, New Age International Publishers 8. Subhas Palekar, 2000, How to practice Natural farming, Pracheen (vaidik) Krishi Tantra Shodh, Amravati 9. EG Seebauer & Robert L Berry, 2000, Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists & Engineers, Oxford University Press 10. M Govindrajran S Natrajan & V.S. Senthil Kumar, Engineering Ethics (including Human Values), Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice Hall of India Ltd. 11. B.P. Banerjee, 2005, Foundation of Ethics and Management, Excel Books. 12. B.L. Bajpai 2004, Indian Ethos and Modern Management, New Royal Book CO. Lucknow. Reprinted 2008 Relevant websites, CDs, Movies and Documentaries: Value Education website, http://www.uptu.ac.in Story of stuff, http//www.storyofstuff.com AL Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, Paramount Classics, USA Charlie Chaplin, Modern Times, United Artists, USA IIT Delhi, Modern Technology-the Untold Story Anand Gandhi, Right here right now, Cyclewala Production

b.

d. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

SEMESTER IV

AS-402: Basics of System Modelling & Simulation

L.T.P:3.1.0 Course Description:
This course will cover both theoretical & application aspects of mathematical modelling of existing or new basic systems to demonstrate the concepts of modelling, approach and use of simulation techniques and their relationships to the real world systems.

Course Objectives:
1. To present concepts of computer modelling and simulation to various natural, manmade, social and engineering systems. 2. The course will provide experience of modelling & simulation specifically suited to engineering systems to show how it can help in the analysis, design, performance evaluation, operational behaviour and assessment of performance & efficiency with respect to specific goals.

Learning Outcomes:
1. Understand the modelling concepts & types of models used to represent different classes of real world systems. 2. Applying various mathematical concepts & techniques to define physical, natural & social systems. 3. Applying concepts of computer simulation for types of inputs, system models, output behaviour and performance estimation. 4. Understand how to evaluate, validate & verify models of simple systems. 5. Understand how complex and heterogeneous systems can be simplified and modelled for a specific task and thus understand the limitations of modelling & simulation.

Cognitive Skills learnt:

1. Ability to mathematically model any system from various fields. 2. Ability to implement simple numerical algorithms to solve various modelling equations that are used to describe real world systems. 3. Ability to select suitable techniques for generating system models, simulate them on computers and evaluate the system performance. Course Pre-requisites: Probability & Statistical Method

Course Content: Unit -I: Introduction to System Modelling & Simulation: (7 lectures)
Need & use of Simulation, system models, advantages & limitations of models, simplified representation of complex & large systems, Principals & Steps in creating system models, capturing system environment, components of systems and selection of appropriate modelling techniques & simulation methodologies; relationships between selected models & simulation techniques.

Unit -II: System Modelling Concepts: (8 Lectures)

Types of system models, continuous & discrete systems, comparison of analytical & simulation methods, Event & Data Modelling, Model building, Data modelling & techniques of building useful Input Data models, multivariate & time series input models. Steps in system model building; Monte Carlo Method, verification, calibration & validation of models for simple systems.

Unit -III: Probability & Random Number generation: (7 Lectures)

Discrete & Continuous Random Variables, probability functions, descriptive characteristics of a Distribution. Tests of Hypothesis and Estimation of Confidence Interval, Estimation of Error, Parameter Estimation, Goodness-of-fit Tests. Numerical Computation techniques for Continuous & Discrete Models. Distributed Lag & Cobweb Models.

Unit IV: Queuing Systems & Discrete System Simulation: (6 Lectures)

Modelling & Generation of Arrival Patterns, Exponential & Poisson distribution, Service Times, Normal Distribution Queuing Systems, Simulation of Single & Multiple Server Queuing Systems, gathering statistics, Measuring occupancy & Utilization, Service Delay & Transit Times Estimation.

Unit -V: Real World Application of Simulation: (12 Lectures)

Transfer Line Model, Inventory System Model, Deadlock Detection Model, Computer Center Model, Job Shop Model, Just-In-Time Model, Pi value estimation, Capital recovery Model, Economics of Insurance policy, Reliability Estimation, Warranty Problem & Estimation, Computer Network Model. Interpretation of Confidence Interval of a Parameter.

References & Bibliography:

1. Gorden G. , System Simulation, Prentice Hall. 2. Law M. Averill, Simulation Modeling & Analysis, Tata MacGraw Hill, New Delhi, 4th Edition. 3. Sengupta S., System Simulation & Modelling, Pearson Education, 2013. 4. Banks, Carson, Nelson & Nocor, Discrete Event System Simulation, Prentice Hall, 4th Edition 2005. 5. Kleinrock L. Queueing Systems- Vol I: Theory, John Wiely & Sons Inc, 1975. 6. Morris H. DeGroot & Mark J. Schervish , Probability & Statistics, Addison Wiseley, 3rd Edition, 2002. 7. Pratiksha Saxena, Modeling and Simulation, Narosa Publishing House,2011 8. Zeigler, Praehofer and Kim, Theory of Modelling and Simulation, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2013. URL: www.insightmaker.com: Free web based Multi-user Modelling & Simulation Environment. www.ocw.mit.edu: Course on Introduction to Modelling & Simulation. www.wolfarm.com/system-modeler: For system modelling software & Visualizer.

List of experiments:
1. Simulation of Scheduling Algorithms: CPU Scheduling Techniques: FCFS, SJF, & Priority Scheduling, Using Queuing Theory 2. Simulation of Disk Scheduling Algorithms. 3. Modelling Multiplexers & Concentrators and applying queuing theory concepts to determine operational performance parameters. 4. Simulation of System Reliability of any given system and determine its reliability and average failure rate based on the given component reliability. 5. Modelling of Traffic based on given statistics of Traffic Density & vehicle heterogeneity. 6. Telephone Exchange Modelling & Call rate & Call drop estimation based on exchange capacity. 7. Congestion Modelling & Analysing the impact of congestion control algorithms in Mobile systems/ Computer networks/ Assembly Line operations.
Note: Students shall perform practicals in tutorial periods using Sci Lab which is freely downloadable from http://www.scilab.org/products/scilab http://www.scilab.in/

CS-401: Computer Organization

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Course Objectives: Objective of this course is to have a thorough understanding of the basic structure and operation of a digital computer, to study the different ways of communicating with I/O devices and standard I/O interfaces and to study the hierarchical memory system including cache memories and virtual memory. The Subject discusses in detail the operation of the arithmetic unit including the algorithms & implementation of fixed-point and floating-point addition, subtraction, multiplication & division. Pre-requisites: Binary number System and Boolean algebra. Gates and flip flops. Combinational and sequential logic UNIT-I Introduction: - Review of digital logic and gates, Design of adder and subtractor using gates & K-MAP, functioning of multiplexer, de-multiplexer, flip-flop. Arithmetic for Computer:- Introduction to number system, negative numbers, addition & subtraction, logical operation, constructing and A.L.U., multiplications & division, floating point arithmetic. UNIT-II Processor Design:- Processor organization, Processor Level, information representation, instruction format, Addressing modes (Implied Mode, Immediate mode, register indirect mode, auto increment or Auto decrement mode, direct addressing mode, indirect addressing mode, relative addressing mode, index addressing mode), instruction types. UNIT-III Control Design: - Basic Concepts, Hardwired Control, Control memory address sequencing, micro instruction interpretation, CPU control unit, basic concepts of micro programmed control, micro program sequencer for a control memory, micro instruction formats. UNIT-IV Memory Organization:- Classification memories, Memory Hierarchy, Optimization of memory hierarchy, Virtual Memory, Dynamic Address Translation Scheme addressing scheme for main memory, segmented memory system, paged segment memory, memory management policies, High speed memories, characteristics of cache memory, Cache memory organization, Block replacement policies, interleaved memories, associated memories. UNIT-V System Organization: - Bus arbitration, Programmed I/O (IO addressing, IO instruction), DMA (Types & procedures), interrupts (procedure, interrupt selection, vectored interrupts), Concurrency Control, System management.

Text Books: 1. Computer Architecture and Organization, By John P. Hayes, Me Graw Hill. References:

2. Computer organization and design, by John L. Hennessy 7 David A. Petterson, Morgan Kaufman. 3. Computer System Architecture, by M. Morris Mano, PHI Web Resourses: http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/CompArchitecture/page1.htm

Lab. CS-401P
Week Lecture 1 Chapter Lecture2
Design of adder and subtractor using gates & K-MAP Addition & subtraction, logical operation, constructing and A.L.U. Floating point arithmetic. Processor Level

Chapter

Lecture 3
Functioning of multiplexer, demultiplexer, flipflop

Chapter

Lab Meeting Study of Breadboard Based Lab Study of Simulator Based Lab

Week-1

Review of digital logic & gates

Any Std Book

Any Std Book

Any Std Book

Week-2

Introduction to number system, negative numbers

Any Std Book

4.1 T1

Multiplications

4.1 T1

Week-3 Week-4

Division Processor organization

4.1 T1 3.1 T1

4.3 T1 2.3 T1

Revision and Discussion Information Representation Addressing Mode Revision and Discussion Micro instruction interpretation Micro program sequencer for a control memory Revision and Discussion Optimization of memory hierarchy Memory management policies

3.2 T1

Lab1 Lab2 Lab3 Lab4 Lab5 Lab6

Week-5 Week-6

Instruction format Instruction Type

3.3 T1 3.3 T1

Addressing Mode Revision and Discussion Hardwired Control Basic concepts of micro programmed control Revision and Discussion Memory Hierarchy

3.3 T1 -

3.3 T1 -

Week-7

Basic Concepts

5.1T1

5.1T1

5.2T1 5.2T1

Week-8

CPU control unit

5.2T1

5.2T1

Week-9

Micro instruction formats

5.2T1

Lab7 Lab8 Lab9

Week-10

Classification memories

6.1T1

6.2T1

6.2T1

Week-11

Virtual Memory, Dynamic Address Translation Scheme addressing scheme for main memory High speed memories, characteristics of cache memory Bus arbitration

6.2T1

Segmented memory system, paged segment memory

6.2T1

6.2T1

Week-12

6.3T1

Cache memory organization, Block replacement policies Programmed I/O (IO addressing, IO instruction) Concurrency Control

6.3T1

interleaved memories, associated memories DMA (Types & procedures)

6.3T1

Lab10

Week-13

7.1T1

7.2.T1

7.2.T1

Lab11

Week-14

Interrupts (procedure, interrupt selection, vectored interrupts)

7.2.T1

7.3.T1

System management

7.3.T1

Lab11

1. Breadboard implementation of flip flops SR, JK, T and D flip flop And verify their characteristic table. 2. Experiments with clocked flip-flops 3. Design of Counters 4. Breadboard implementation of Counters and Shift Registers. 5. Implementation of arithmetic algorithms. 6. Breadboard implementation of Half/Full Adder and Half/Full Subtractor. 7. Breadboard implementation of Half/Full Adder. 8. Breadboard implementation of 7-segment display. 9. Ripple Carry Adder:( 4 bit ripple carry adder) Using Simulator 10. Carry-look-ahead adder:(4 bit carry lookahead adder) Using Simulator 11. Carry-Save-ahead adder:(4 bit carry lookahead adder) Using Simulator 12. Booth's Multiplier: (Objective of 4 bit Booth's multiplier) Using Simulator Course Plan
Topic 1.Introduction: - Review of digital logic gates, Design of adder and subtractor using gates &K-MAP, functioning of multiplexer, de-multiplexer, flip-flop. Arithmetic for Computer:-Introduction to number system, negative numbers, addition &subtraction, logical operation, constructing and A.L.U., multiplications & division, floatingpoint arithmetic. 2.Processor Design:- Processor organisation, Processor Level, information representation,instruction format, Addressing modes (Implied Mode, Immediate mode, register indirectmode, auto increment or Auto decrement mode, direct addressing mode, indirectaddressing mode, relative addressing mode, index addressing mode), instruction types. 3. Control Design: - Control memory address sequencing, micro instruction interpretation,CPU control unit, basic concepts of micro programmed control, micro program sequencerfor a control memory, micro instruction formats. 4.Memory Organization:- Classification memories, Memory Hierarchy, Optimization ofmemory hierarchy, Virtual Memory, Dynamic Address Translation Scheme addressingscheme for main memory, segmented memory system, paged segment memory, memorymanagement policies, High speed memories, characteristics of cache memory, Cachememory organisation, Block replacement policies, interleaved memories, associatedmemories. 5. System Organization: - Bus arbitration, Programmed I/O (IO addressing, IO instruction),DMA (Types & procedures), interrupts (procedure, interrupt selection, vectored interrupts),Concurrency Control, System management. Reference John P. Hayes Hour 8 Hr

John P. Hayes

8 Hr

John P. Hayes

8 Hr

John P. Hayes

8 Hr

John P. Hayes

8 Hr

CS-402: Data Base Management Systems

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Objective: The main objective of this course is to provide students with the background to design, implement, and use database management systems. A variety of topics will be covered that are important for modern databases in order to prepare the students for real life applications of databases. Prerequisite: Basic Concepts of Algebra Unit-I [Text Book 1 and 2] (8 Hours) Introduction: An overview of database management system, Database System vs. File System, Database System Concept and Architecture, Data Models, Schema And Instances, Data Independence And Database Language And Interfaces, Overall Database Structure. Data modeling using the Entity Relationship Model: ER model concepts, notation for ER diagram, mapping constraints, keys, Concepts of Super Key, Candidate Key, Primary Key, Foreign Key, Generalization, Specialization, Aggregation, Attributes Inheritance, reduction of an ER diagrams to tables, relationship of higher degree. Unit-II [Text Book 1] (8 Hours) Relational data Model and Language: Relational data model concepts, Codds Rule, Integrity Constraints, Entity Integrity, Referential Integrity, Keys constraints, Domain constraints, Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus. Introduction on SQL: SQL data type and literals. Types of SQL commands: DDL commands (Create, Alter and Drop), DML commands (Insert, Update and Delete), SQL operators and their procedure. Tables, Views and Indexes. Queries and Sub Queries. Aggregate Functions. Joins, Unions, Intersection, Minus. Unit-III [Text Book 1 and 2] (8 Hours) Overview of PL/SQL, Cursors, Triggers, and Procedures. Data Base Design & Normalization: Functional Dependencies, Inference Rules, Normal Forms, First, Second, Third Normal Forms, BCNF, Inclusion Dependence, Loss Less Join Decompositions, Normalization Using FD, MVD And Fourth Normal Forms, JD and Fifth Normal Forms, Alternative Approaches to Database Design. Unit-IV [Text Book 2] (8 Hours) Transaction Processing Concept: Transaction System, Recoverability, Recovery From Transaction Failures, Log Based Recovery, Checkpoints, Shadow Paging, Cascading Rollback, ARIES, Testing of Serializability, Serializability of Schedules, Conflict & View Serializable Schedule. Introduction to Distributed Database, Multimedia Database and Object-Oriented Database. Unit-V [Text Book 3] (8 Hours) Concurrency Control Techniques: Concurrency Control, Locking Techniques for concurrency control, Two-phase locking protocol, Deadlock Handling, Time stamping protocols for concurrency control, Thomas write rule, validation based protocol, multiple granularities, Multi version schemes, Recovery with concurrent transaction. Overview of Big Data Text Books 1. Korth, Silberschatz, Sudarshan, Database Concepts, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill Pub. 2. Elmasri, Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley. 3. Ramkrishnan, Gehrke, Database Management System, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill

Reference Books 1. Date C J, An Introduction to Database Systems, Addision Wesley 2. ONeil, Databases, Elsevier Pub. 3. Leon & Leon, Database Management Systems, Vikas Publishing House 4. Bipin C. Desai, An Introduction to Database Systems, Gagotia Publications 5. Majumdar & Bhattacharya, Database Management System, TMH Web References 1. NPTEL Material at http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=106106093 2. ISTE Workshop on DBMS, Video Lectures and Content available at http://www.it.iitb.ac.in/nmeict/eVideos/DBMSMAIN/content/content.htm l Lab. CS-402P Write the queries for Data Definition and Data Manipulation Language. 1. Write syntax for creating the following tables: STUDENT (Roll_No, Name, Branch, Year, Section, Hostel, F_name, Address) BOOK (Book_id, Title, Author, Publisher, Cost, Copies) TRANSACTION (Roll_No, Book_Id, Date_Issue, Date_Return, Fine) Add Primary Key and Foreign key to appropriate attributes in the above mentioned tables. Add a constraint on Book table for accepting value in Copies attribute not less than 0. 2. Write SQL command to add a new field DOB in the STUDENT table. 3. Write SQL command to drop Fine column from TRANSACTION table. 4. Insert at least 5 records in each table. 5. Update title of books from Database Management Systems to DBMS. 6. Delete all entries from the Hostel column of STUDENT table. 7. Write SQL Queries for the following: (a) To display the details of all students (b) Display the records of (a) in ascending order of Roll_No. (c) To display all Networking Books in the Library (d) To display those books which have Computer word in their title (like Computer Fundamentals, Computer Graphics etc.) (e) To display all the books which have been issued so far (f) To display the books which have not been issued so far (g) To display all the students of 4th year CSE branch who are staying in Hostel (h) To display the students names who have not returned the books issued to them. (i) To display the student names who have been issued DBMS book by Korth. (j) To display the students who have not issued any book so far. (k) To display the students who have been issued at least one book. (l) To display the title of the second costliest book. (m) To display the students who have not returned the book more than 6 weeks. (n) To display the student names along with all the books issued to them. (o) To display the students of IV year from CSE branch who have been issued Graphics book(s) for more than 15 days, which have not been returned.

8. Create view to access the students details only from 4th year of CSE branch. 9. Create an index on Title column of BOOK Table. 10. Write PL/SQL program to display the name of the student of 4th year in CSE branch whose Roll_No is 1005. 11. Write appropriate programme in PL/SQL for restricting user to enter the data in BOOK table on Sunday and also beyond the working hours (say after 5 PM). 12. Write PL/SQL program to display 5 costliest books in the library. Lecture Plan Unit No.
I

Lect. No.
1 2 3

Lecture Contents
Database System Concept & Architecture. Data Model Schema & Instances. Database System Versus File Processing System. Data Independence Database Language, DDL & DML Statements. E-R Model Concept, Notation for E-R Model. Mapping Constraints & Concepts of Keys. Generalization & Aggregation. Extended E-R Model. DDL & DML Statements Using Constraints. Relational data model concept, Constraints Key. Relational Algebra & calculus, Tuple. Characteristics of SQL & PL/SQL, Types of SQL Commands & Operators, Tables, Views & Indexes Assertions, Cursors Triggers Queries & sub Queries. Joins, Unions, Minus. Functional Dependencies Closure Set, Canonical Form, Key

Reference
Korth, Silberschatz, Sudarshan, Database Concepts, McGraw Hill

4 5 6 7 8 II 9 10 11 12

Elmasri, Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Addision Wesley

Korth, Silberschatz, Sudarshan, Database Concepts, McGraw Hill

13 14 15 16 III 17 18

Korth, Silberschatz, Sudarshan, Database

19 20 21 22 23 24 IV 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 V 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Decomposition, Anomalies & Normalization. Normal Forms based on Functional Dependency Normal Forms based on Functional Dependency Normalization using MVD& JD. Normal Forms based using MVD& JD. Alternative Approaches to Database Design. Transaction System. Testing of Serializability. Serializability of Schedules. Recoverability, Recovery from Transaction Failure. Checkpoints, Log Based Recovery Shadow Paging, ARIES. Distributed Database Multimedia Database, Object-Oriented Database. Concurrency Control Techniques. Locking based Techniques, 2PL, Deadlock Timestamp-Ordering Protocol. Validation Based Protocol. Multiple Granularities. Multi-version Time stamp Ordering Protocol. Recovery with concurrent transaction Introduction to Big Data

Concepts, McGraw Hill

Elmasri, Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Addison Wesley

Elmasri, Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Addison Wesley

Ramkrishnan, Gehrke, Database Management System, McGraw Hill

CS-403:Object Oriented Programming with C++

PREREQUISITES

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Students should be familiar with the basic discipline and the idea behind each of the main programming paradigms. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this course are: To understand and express the essential and interesting features of an application in the complex real world, an object-oriented model is built around. Familiarize with the development artifacts of object oriented systems. Understand the principals of objects encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism that form the foundation for object-oriented systems development. Familiarize with object oriented programming environment. The programming language specified is C++ that is one of the standard programming languages used in the industry and also forms the base of all object oriented languages. Introduction to the basic concepts of object oriented modeling. To be familiar with the Unified Modeling Language (UML).It is an objectoriented language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as well as for business modeling.

LEARNING OUTCOME Develop an understanding of Object Oriented Systems. Develop hands on expertise in C++. Unit I Object Modeling: structured approach versus Object Oriented Approach, Objects and classes, links and association, generalization and inheritance, aggregation, abstract class, multiple inheritance, metadata, candidate keys, constraints. (Text Book 2-chpt3, 4, 5, Text Book 1-chpt 1, 2,3) Dynamic Modeling: Events and states, operations, nested state diagrams and concurrency, advanced dynamic modeling concepts, a sample dynamic model. (Text Book 1-CH 5) Unit II Functional Modeling: Data flow diagram, specifying operations, constraints, a sample functional model. OMT (object modeling techniques) methodologies, examples and case studies to demonstrate methodologies, comparison of methodologies: OMT with SA/SD, JSD. (Text Book 1-chpt 6, Text Book 2-chpt 16) Modeling with UML: UML terminology, Introduction of Things, Relationships and Diagrams of UML. (Ref. Book 1 chpt 9)(Text Book 1-chpt 5)

Unit III Introduction: History of C++, Advantage, Need, C++ Program Structure. Classes and objects: Class and Objects Creation, Constructors and Destructors, Access Specifiers, Inline Functions, Default Function Arguments, Static keyword, Function overloading Arrays as Class Member. Arrays of Object. String. The Standard C++ String Class. Operator Overloading: Overloading Unary Operators. Overloading. Binary Operators. (Text Book3 CH-7) Unit -IV Friend Functions, Friend Classes, Pointers and Class Objects: This Pointer, Pointers to objects, Memory Management: New and Delete, Garbage collection Inheritance: Concepts, Access Modifiers, Inheritance Types. Polymorphism Concepts: Virtual methods, Compile time Polymorphism, Run time Polymorphism. (Text book 3, Text Book4) Unit -V Managing Console I/O operations: C++ stream classes, Managing unformatted and formatted Console I/O operations, Managing output with manipulations Streams and File I/O File streams, Streams with file handling, String streams, Built-in streams. Templates and Exceptions: Function Templates, Class Templates, Exceptions, throw () and catch (), The Standard Template Library: Introduction Algorithms, Sequence Containers, Iteators, Specialized Iteators, Associative Containers, Storing User- Defined Object, Function Objects. (Text Book 3, Text Book 4) Text Books: 1. James Rumbaugh etal, Object Oriented Modeling and Design, PHI 2. Ivar Jacobson etal, Object Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach, Pearson Education 3. E. Balagurusamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, TMH 4. Robert Lafore, Object Oriented Programming in C++, Techmedia Publication. References: 1. Atul Kahate, Object Oriented Analysis & Design, TMH. 2. Yogesh Singh, Ruchika Malhotra,Object Oriented Software Engineering, PHI. 3. Herbert Sehlidt, The Complete Reference c++, TMH. 4. Schaum's Outline of Programming with C++, TMH.
Web References:
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcoursecontents/IIScBANG/System%20Analysis%20and%20Design/pdf/PPTs/mod9.p df

Lab CS-403P

Week

Lecture 1

Chapter

Lecture2

Chapter

Lecture 3

Chapter

Lab Meeting Study of Use Case Diagram

Week-1

Object Modelling Objects and classes links and association

Text Book2 Ch-1,2 Text Book2 Ch-1,2 Text Book 1CH 1,2,3 Text Book 2chpt3, 4 Text Book1CH 5

generalization and inheritance

Text Book1 CH 1,2,3

aggregation, class

abstract

Text Book1CH 1,2,3

Week-2

multiple inheritance,

metadata, candidate keys, constraints advanced dynamic modelling concepts Specifying operations, constraints, a sample functional model. Examples and case studies to demonstrate methodologi es, comparison of methodologi es: OMT with SA/SD, JSD.

Text Book1 CH6, Text Book2-CH 16

Dynamic Modelling: Events and states, operations

Text Book1CH 5

Study of Sequence Diagram

Week-3

Nested state diagrams and concurrency,

Text Book 1CH 5

Sample model.

dynamic

Text Book 1CH 5

advanced dynamic modeling concepts Study of State chart Diagram

Week-4

Functional Modelling: Data flow diagram

Text Book 1CH6, Text Book2 CH 16

Text Book1 CH6, Text Book2-CH 16

OMT (object modelling techniques) methodologies

Text Book1 CH6, Text Book2 CH 16

Week-5

Examples and case studies to demonstrate methodologies , comparison of methodologies : OMT with SA/SD, JSD.

Text Book1 CH6, Text Book2 CH16 (refer to web references)

Text Book1CH6, Text Book2CH16(refer to web references)

Modelling with UML: UML terminology,

Ref. Book1 CH 9

Case Studies

Week-6

Relationships and Diagrams of UML.

Ch-9 Ref:Book1

Testing Object Oriented Systems: Introduction , State Based testing.

Classes and objects: Class and Objects Creation

(Ref. Book 2, chpt 9)

Testing Object Oriented Systems: Introduction, State Based testing

Ref. Book2, chpt 9

Case Studies

Week-7

Introduction: History of C++, Advantage, Need, C++ Program

Text Book 4 CH-1 Text Book3 CH-5,Text

Text Book3CH6,Text Book 4 CH-6 Text

Constructors Destructors, Access Specifiers,

and

Book3 CH4,Text Book4 CH-13

Creating Classes, Constructo rs ,Destructor s & Access

Structure

Book 4 CH-6

Specifier

Week-8

Inline Functions, Default Function Arguments

Text Book4 CH-11

Static keyword, Function overloading

Text CH-7

Book4

Arrays as Member Arrays of Object

Class

Text Book3 CH-15

Inline functions, Static Keyword, Arrays of objects Overloadin g and Friend Keyword

Week-9

String. The Standard C++ String Class.

Text Book3 CH-15

Overloading Unary Operators.

Text CH-7, Text CH-8.

Book3

Overloading. Operators

Binary

Text CH-7, Text CH-8.

Book3

Book4

Book4

Week-10

Friend Functions, Friend Classes,

Text Book 4,CH-11

Pointers and Class Objects: This Pointer, Pointers objects to

Text CH-9

Book3

Memory Management: New and Delete, Garbage collection

Text CH-9.

Book3

Pointers and memory manageme nt Inheritance

Week -11

Inheritance: Concepts, Access Modifiers,

Text Book3 CH-8

Inheritance Types.

Text CH-8

Book3

Polymorphism Concepts: Virtual methods, Compile time Polymorphism, Run time Polymorphism . Streams and File I/O File streams, Streams with file handling, String streams, Built-in streams

Text Book 3 CH-9

Week-13

Managing Console I/O operations

C++ streams, c++stream classes , unformatted I/O

Text Book 3 CH-10

Templates and Exceptions: Function Templates, Class Templates, Exceptions, throw () and catch (), Sequence Containers, Iteators, specialized iteators

Text Book3 CH-12,13

Text Book3 CH-10,11

Polymorphi sm and File Handling

Week-14

The Standard Template Library: Introduction, Algorithm,

Text Book3 CH-14.Text Book CH-15.

Text Book3 CH-14.Text Book CH-15.

Associative Containers, Storing User- Defined Object, Function Objects.

Text Book3 CH-14.Text Book4 CH-15.

Templates and Exception Handling

Assignments, Case Studies and Programs on the following are to be done in the lab
Use Case Diagram Sequence Diagram

Advanced dynamic modeling concepts State chart Diagram Creating Classes, Constructors ,Destructors & Access Specifier Inline functions, Static Keyword, Arrays of objects Overloading and Friend Functions Pointers and memory management Inheritance Polymorphism and File Handling Templates and Exception Handling

CS-404:Theory of Computation
Prerequisite: Discrete Structures.

L:T:P ::3:1:2

Objective: Introduce concepts in automata theory and theory of computation, Identify different formal language classes and their relationships, Design grammars and recognizers for different formal languages, Prove or disprove theorems in automata theory using its properties , Determine the decidability and intractability of computational problems. Learning Outcome: On completion of this course, student should be able to1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Understand formal languages, grammars, automata and their relationships. Able to design Finite Automata (FA) and understand the equivalence of DFA and NFA and Regular Language. Able to construct the equivalent DFA with the minimum number of states. Determine whether a given language is regular (by constructing an automaton or with the pumping lemma). Clean a given grammar and transform a CFG into a normal form. Design PDA for given CFL. Construct a PDA for a given context free grammar, and vice versa. Construct a Turing machine for given language. Understand the concept of Undecidability.

Unit I Introduction; Alphabets, Strings and Languages; Automata and Grammars, Deterministic finite Automata (DFA)-Formal Definition, Simplified notation: State transition graph, Transition table, Language of DFA, Nondeterministic finite Automata (NFA), NFA with epsilon transition, Language of NFA, Equivalence of NFA and DFA, Minimization of Finite Automata, Distinguishing one string from other, Myhill-Nerode Theorem . Unit II Regular expression (RE) , Definition, Operators of regular expression and therr precedence, Algebraic laws for Regular expressions, Kleens Theorem, Regular expression to FA, DFA to Regular expression, Arden Theorem, Non Regular Languages, Pumping Lemma for regular Languages. Application of Pumping Lemma, Closure properties of Regular Languages, Decision properties of Regular Languages, FA with output: Moore and Mealy machine, Equivalence of Moore and Mealy Machine, Applications and Limitation of FA. Unit III Chomsky Hierarchy of Grammars: Type0, 1, 2 and 3 Grammars. Context free grammar (CFG) and Context Free Languages (CFL): Definition, Examples, Derivation , Derivation trees, Ambiguity in Grammar, Inherent ambiguity, Ambiguous to Unambiguous CFG, Simplification of CFGs, Normal forms for CFGs: CNF and GNF, Closure properties of CFLs, Decision Properties of CFLs: Emptiness, Finiteness and Membership, Pumping lemma for CFLs,

Unit IV Push Down Automata (PDA): Description and definition, Instantaneous Description, Language of PDA, Acceptance by Final state, Acceptance by empty stack, Deterministic PDA, Equivalence of PDA and CFG, CFG to PDA and PDA to CFG, Two stack PDA Unit V (8 Hours) Turing machines (TM): Basic model, definition and representation, Instantaneous Description, Language acceptance by TM, TM as Computer of Integer Functions, Variants of Turing Machine, Universal TM, Churchs Thesis, Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Languages, Enumeration Computability : Concepts, Introduction to complexity theory, Introduction Undecidability, Halting Problem, Post Correspondence Problem(PCP), Modified PCP to

Text Books: 1. John E Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani, Jeffrey D Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Pearson Education 2. Peter Linz, An Introduction to formal language and automata, Third edition, Narosa Publication. References: 1. Kamala Krithivasan, Rama R, Introduction to Formal Languages, Automata Theory and Computation, Pearson Education 2. Martin J. C., Introduction to Languages and Theory of Computations, TMH 3. Papadimitrou, C. and Lewis, C.L., Elements of the Theory of Computation, PHI 4. K.L.P. Mishra and N.Chandrasekaran, Theory of Computer Science : Automata, Languages and Computation, PHI 5. Cohen D. I. A., Introduction to Computer theory, John Wiley & Sons 3. John E Hopcroft, Jeffrey D Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Narosa Publication. 6. Web References 1. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/106106049/ 2. http://infolab.stanford.edu/~ullman/ialc.html 3. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-045jautomata-computability-and-complexity-spring-2011/lecture-notes/

Lab. CS-404P

Week

Lecture 1

Chapter

Lecture2

Chapter

Lecture 3

Chapter

Lab Meeting

Week-1

Introduction and application, Automata and Grammars

Text-2Chapter-1

Deterministic finite Automata (DFA)-Formal Definition, Simplified notation: State transition graph, Transition table,

Text-1Chapter-2

DFA and Language of DFA

Text1Chapter-2

Lab Experiment-1

Week-2

Nondeterministic finite Automata (NFA), NFA with epsilon transition, Language of NFA

Text1Chapter-2

Equivalence of NFA and DFA

Text-1Chapter-2

Equivalence epsilon NFA DFA,

of and

Text-1Chapter-2

Lab Experiment-2

Week-3

Text-1chapter-4 Minimization of Finite Automata

Distinguishing one string from other, MyhillNerode Theorem .

Reference 6 Chapter-3

Regular expression (RE), Definition, Operators of regular expression and their precedence, Regular Languages, Pumping Lemma for regular Languages. Application of Pumping Lemma,

Text-1chapter-3

Lab Experiment-3

Week-4 Algebraic laws for Regular expressions, Kleens Theorem Week-5 Closure properties Regular Languages,

Text-1chapter-3 and Reference 5 Text-1chapter-4

Regular expression to FA, DFA to Regular expression, Arden Theorem,

Text-1chapter-3 and reference 4

Text-1chapter-4

Lab Experiment-4

of

Decision properties Regular Languages

of

Text-1chapter 4

FA with output: Moore and Mealy machine,

Reference 1

Lab Experiment-5

Week-6

Equivalence of Moore and Mealy Machine, Applications and Limitation of FA.

Reference-1

Context free grammar (CFG) and Context Free Languages (CFL): Definition, Examples,

Text-2chapter-5

Derivation Derivation trees,

Text-2chapter-5

Lab Experiment-6

Week-7

Ambiguity in Grammar, Inherent ambiguity, Ambiguous to Unambiguous CFG Normal GNF Form-

Text-2cahpter-5

Simplification of CFGs

Text-2chapter-6

Normal forms for CFGs-CNF

Text-2chapter-6

Lab Experiment-7

Week-8

Text-2chapter-6 Reference 6

Closure properties of CFLs, Decision Properties of CFLs: Emptiness, Finiteness

Text-2chapter-8

Pumping lemma for CFLs

Text-2chapter-8

Lab Experiment-8

 Chapter 4 Week-9 Push Down Automata (PDA): Description and definition, Acceptance empty stack by Text-1chapter-6

and Membership Instantaneous Description Text-1chapter-6 Languages of PDA, Acceptance by Final state, Text-1chapter-6 Lab Experiment-9

Week-10

Text-1chapter-6

Deterministic PDA

Text-1chapter-6

Equivalence of PDA and CFG, CFG to PDA

Text-1chapter-6

Lab Experiment10 Lab Experiment11

Week-11

PDA to CFG

Text-1chapter-6

Two stack PDA

Reference 5-chapter21

Turing machines (TM): Basic model, definition and representation, Instantaneous Description,
TM as Computer of Integer Functions

Text-1chapter-8

Week-12

TM as accepter

Text-1chapter-8

Language TM,

acceptance

by

Text-1chapter-8

Text-1chapter-8

Lab Experiment12 Lab Experiment13

Week-13

Variants of Turing Machine

Text-2chapter-10

Universal TM, Churchs Thesis

Turing

Text-1chapter-9

Recursive Recursively Enumerable Languages, Enumeration

and

Text-1chapter-9

Week-14

Computability : Concepts, Introduction to complexity theory, Introduction to Undecidability,

Text-1chapter-9

Halting Problem

Text-1chapter-9

Post Correspondence Problem(PCP), Modified PCP,

Text-1chapter-9

Lab Experiment14

NOTE: More programs can be added to the list

1. Write a C program to generate strings up to length 15 with the indivisible symbols like {0,1}, {a, b}, {+,-}. 2. Write a C program which reads a program written in any programming language and then perform lexical analysis. The output of program should contain the tokens i.e. classification as identifier, special symbol, delimiter, operator, keyword or string. It should also display the number of identifiers, special symbol, delimiter, operator, keyword, strings and statements.

3. Write a C program to check whether a given grammar is type-0, type-1, type-2 or type-3. 4. Write a C program to convert NFA to DFA 5. Write a C program to convert NFA with epsilon moves to NFA 6. Write a C program that accepts any Context Free Grammar (use appropriate data structure to store CFG) and then print it in the proper format.

7. Write a program to remove NULL productions from a given CFG 8. Write a program to remove UNIT productions from a given CFG 9. Write a program to remove useless symbols from a given CFG 10. Write a C program to convert CFG to CNF 11. Write a C program to convert CFG to GNF 12. Write a program for recognition of a given string using CKY algorithm. Use a subprogram for generation of string (*) of various length. (Length u to 8 and * of 0,1). 13. Write a C program to convert PDA to CFG 14. Write a C program to convert CFG to PDA