Engineering Conversions and Symbols

Conversion Table
Multiply 2 Atmospheres By 2 760 2 29.92 2 14.696 5 10.013 x 10 778 -4 3.93 x 10 1055 0.252 -4 2.93 x 10 2 1.35623 2 5.678 0.216 -4 3.93 x 10 0.293 0.2521 2.236 3 4.1868 x 10 2 0.737338 4.1868 -3 3.9683 x 10 0.03281 0.3937 0.01 10 0.010936 1.969 2 0.02832 28.32 1.699 0.4719 -4 4.719 x 10 7.4085 2 35.31 3 10 2 0.588 0.278 2 2118.88 1 30.48 12 -4 3.048 x 10 0.3048 -4 1.894 x 10 304.8 0.3333 0.5080 0.01829
2 2

Btu

Btu/ft h F Btu/h

Btu/lb o Btu/lb/ F 2 o cal/m s C calories (cal) centimeters (cm)

centimeters per second (cm/s) 3 cubic feet (ft ) cubic feet per minute 3 (ft /min or cfm)

To Obtain o mm Mercury at 4 C o inches of Mercury at 4 C 2 pounds per square inch (psi or lb/in. ) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) foot-pounds, force (ft lbf) 2 horsepower-hours (hp h) Joules (J) kilocalories 2 killowatt hours (kWh) 2 o cal/m s C 2 o W/m C foot-pounds force/second 2 horsepower (hp) Watts (W) or Joules per second (J/s) kilocalories per hour (kcal/h) Joule/gram (J/g) o Joule/kg/ C 2 o Btu/ft h F Joules (J) 2 Btu feet (ft) inches (in.) meters (m) millimeters (mm) yards (yd) feet per minute (ft/min) 3 cubic meters (m ) liters (l) cubic meters per hour (m /h) liters per second (l/s) 3 cubic meters per second (m /s) U.S. gallons per minute (gpm) 3 cubic feet (ft ) 2 liters 2 cubic feet per minute (cfm) liters per second (l/s) 3 cubic feet per minute (cfm or ft /m) microbar ( bar) centimeters (cm) inches (in.) 2 kilometers (km) meters (m) 2 miles millimeters (mm) yards (yd) centimeters per second (cm/s) kilometers per hour (km/h)
2 3

cubic meters (m ) cubic meters per hour (m /h) cubic meters per second (m /s) dynes per square centimeter 2 (dynes/cm ) feet (ft)
3 3

feet per minute (fpm)

ft candles

gallons (US) 2 gallons (US) per minute (gpm) Horsepower

inches (in.)

0.00508 0.01136 2 10.76 10.76 0.833 2 0.2271 2 0.13368 745.7 2544 0.7457 550 2.54 0.0833 0.0254 25.4 3 10 0.02777 2.491 2 1.868 2 25.4 2 249.1 2.491 2 5.204 2 0.03613 1.1622 3.9666 2.205 0.06243 14.224
2 2

meters per second (m/s) miles per hour (mph) 2 lumen/m lux (lx) Imperial gallons 3 cubic meters per hour (m /h) 3 cubic meters per minute (cfm or ft /m) Watts (W) Btu per hour (Btu/h) kilowatts (kW) ft lb/s centimeters (cm) feet (ft) meters (m) millimeters (mm) 2 mils yards (yd) millibars (mb) 2 millimeters mercury (mmHg) 2 kilograms per square meter (kg/m ) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) Pascal (Pa) 2 pounds force per square ft (psf or lbf/ft ) 2 pounds force per square in. (psi or lbf/in. ) Watts Btu/h pounds mass (lb) pounds mass per cubic ft (lb/ft ) pounds per square inch (lb/in ) pounds mass per square ft (lb/ft ) 2 ounces per square yard (oz/yd ) feet (ft) 2 meters (m) miles feet per minute (fpm or f/m) feet per second (fps of f/s) meters per second (m/s) miles per hour (mph or m/h) horsepower (hp) 2 Watts (W) 3 cubic feet (ft ) 3 cubic meters (m ) gallons (U.S.) ft candles lux (lx) ft candles 2 lumen/m 2 Btu per hour (Btu/h) 2 kilocalories per hour (kcal/h) horsepower (hp)
2 2 3 2

inches of water (i.w.g) or 2 (in. H2O) @ 39. oF

kilocalories per hour (kcal/h) kilograms (kg) 2 kilograms per cubic meter 3 (kg/m ) 2 kilograms per square centimeter 2 (kg/cm ) 2 kilograms per square meter 2 (kg/m ) kilometers (km)

kilometers per hour (km/h)

kilowatts (kW) liters (l)

lumen/m lux (lx) megawatts (MW)

0.2048 2 29.49 3281 3 10 0.6215 54.68 0.9113 0.2778 0.6215 1.34 3 10 2 0.03531 -3 10 0.2642 0.0929 1 0.0929 2 1 6 3.41 x 10 5 8.598 x 10 1341

meters (m)

meters per second (m/s) 2 microbars ( bar)

miles (mi) miles per hour (mph or miles/h) miles per second (mi/s) millibars (mbar) millimeters (mm)

mils

10 6 10 100 3.281 39.37 3 10 1.0936 196.85 2 1 -3 10 -1 10 -1 10 5280 1.609 88 1.609 1609 0.4014 2 100 0.1 -3 3.281 x 10 0.03937 0.001 39.37 -3 10 0.0254 0.00401 10 0.01 2 0.0209 -4 1.45 x 10 2 0.03391 2 1 10 2 47.88 -3 6.944 x 10 27.68 68.95 3 6.895 x 10 3 6.895 x 10 144 0.4535 2 16.02 2 4.882 0.0703 -3 1.076 x 10 2 0.155 2 929 2 144
2 -12 2

kilowatts (kW) 2 Watts (W) centimeter (cm) feet (ft) inches (in.) 2 millimeters (mm) yards (yd) feet per minute (fpm) 2 dynes per square centimeter (dyn/cm ) 2 millibars (mbar) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) 2 Pascals (Pa) feet (ft) kilometers (km) feet per minute (fpm) kilometers per hour (km/h) meters per second (m/s) inches of water (i.w.g.) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) centimeters (cm) 2 feet (ft) inches (in) meters (m) mils 2 inches (in.) millimeters (mm) inches of water (i.w.g.) microbars ( bar) millibars (mbar) 2 pounds per square ft (lbf/ft or psf) 2 pounds per square in. (lbf/in. or psi) 2 kilograms per square meter (kg/m ) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) Pascals (Pa) 2 Watts (W) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) 2 pounds force per square inch (lbf/m or psi) inches of water (i.w.g.) millibars (mbar) 2 Newtons per square meter (N/m ) 2 Pascals (Pa) pounds force per square foot 2 (lbf/ft or psf) kilograms (kg) 3 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m ) 2 kilograms per square meter (kg/m ) kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm ) 2 square feet (ft ) 2 square inches (in. ) 2 square centimeters (cm ) 2 square inches (in. )
2 2 2

Newtons per square meter 2 (N/m )

ounces per square yard (oz/yd ) 2 Pascal (Pa) picowatt (pW) 2 pounds per square foot (psf) pounds force per square inch 2 (lbf/m or psi)
2

pounds mass (lb) 3 pounds mass per cubic ft (lb/ft ) 2 pounds mass per square ft (lb/ft ) pounds mass per square inch 2 (lb/in. ) 2 square centimeters (cm ) square feet (ft )
2

square inches (in. )

square meters (m ) tons

Watts

Yards (yd)

0.0929 6.452 -3 6.944 x 10 2 645.2 2 10.76 2 1550 2000 907 0.91 3.41 -3 1.34 x 10 -3 10 -6 10 0.8604 91.44 0.9144 3.0 36.0

square meters (m ) 2 square centimeters (cm ) 2 square feet (ft ) 2 square millimeters (mm ) 2 square feet (ft ) 2 square inches (in. ) pounds mass (lb) kilograms (kg) metric tons Btu per hour (Btu/h) 2 horsepower (hp) 2 kilowatts (kW) 2 Megawatts (MW) kilocalories per hour (kcal/h) centimeters (cm) meters (m) feet (ft) inches (in.)

Reference Tables -- Engineering Unit Conversion Factors

Back to Index How to Use This Table - Example Unit Conversions If you are given a measurement from the left hand side and want to convert to the units on the right hand side, just multiply your number by the given conversion factor. Example - Feet to Meters (10 ft) X (0.304800 m/ ft) X (1/3 yd/ft) = 54.68066 yd Conversely, you can convert units from the right hand side to those units on the left by dividing by the conversion factor Example - Millimeters to Inches (50 mm) / (25.4 mm/in) = 1.97 in.

Common Engineering Design Conversion Factors

Gallon

3.785412

Liter

Energy, Work or Heat [M] [L]2 [t]-2 Btu Btu Calories (cal) ft-lbf ft-lbf hp-hr KWH m-kgf N-m 1.05435 0.251996 4.184* 1.355818 0.138255 2.6845 3.600 9.80665* 1. Flow Rate [L]3 [t]-1 ft3/min ft3/min gal/min 7.4805 0.471934 0.063090 gal/min l/s l/s kJ kcal Joules (J) J kgf-m MJ MJ J J

Force or Weight [M] [L] [t]-2 kgf lbf lbf 9.80665* 4.44822 0.453592 Fracture Toughness ksi sqr(in) 1.098800 Heat Content Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ft3 0.555556 2.324444 0.037234 Heat Flux Btu/hr-ft2 Btu/hr-ft2 cal/s-cm2 7.5346 E-5 3.1525 4.184* cal/s-cm2 W/m2 W/cm2 cal/g J/g MJ/m3 MPa sqr(m) Newton (N) N Kgf

Mass Density [M] [L]-3 lbm/in3 27.68 g/cm3

lbm/ft3

16.0184 Power [M] [L]2 [t]-3

kg/m3

Btu/hr ft-lbf/s Horsepower (hp) Horsepower

0.292875 1.355818 745.6999 550.*

Watt (W) W W ft-lbf/s

Pressure (fluid) [M] [L]-1 [t]-2 Atmosphere (atm) atm lbf/ft2 lbf/in2 14.696 1.01325 E5* 47.88026 27.6807 Stress [M] [L]-1 [t]-2 kgf/cm2 ksi N/mm2 kgf/mm2 9.80665 E2* 6.89476 1. 1.42231 Specific Heat Btu/lbm-F 1. Temperature* Fahrenheit Fahrenheit Celsius Rankine (F-32) /1.8 F+459.67 C+273.16 R/1.8 Thermal Conductivity Btu-ft/hr-ft2-F 14.8816 cal-cm/hr-cm2C Celsius Rankine Kelvin Kelvin cal/g-C MPa MPa MPa ksi lbf/in2 Pascal (Pa) Pa in. H20 at 39.2F