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Chapter 6 Cascades

This document defines terms used in cascade blade design and summarizes information about cascade blade geometry, aerofoil selection and performance, and the effect of blade proximity in a cascade. Key terms defined include fluid inlet/outlet angles, blade inlet/outlet angles, camber angle, stagger angle, chord length, and solidity. Common aerofoil types like NACA profiles and Clark Y are described along with their lift and drag characteristics. The effect of blade spacing on cascade performance is also summarized.

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ramamurthy123
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261 views25 pages

Chapter 6 Cascades

This document defines terms used in cascade blade design and summarizes information about cascade blade geometry, aerofoil selection and performance, and the effect of blade proximity in a cascade. Key terms defined include fluid inlet/outlet angles, blade inlet/outlet angles, camber angle, stagger angle, chord length, and solidity. Common aerofoil types like NACA profiles and Clark Y are described along with their lift and drag characteristics. The effect of blade spacing on cascade performance is also summarized.

Uploaded by

ramamurthy123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cascade Nomenclature


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Suction & Pressure Surface

Effect of velocity distribution on profile drag coeff.

Zero Lift Direction

Common camber line shapes


Weinigs Lattice coefficient

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Aerofoil representation
British Practice:
Aerofoil built around basic circular or parabolic camber line
12C4/35 P30 Denotes an aerofoil for which the maximum thickness to chord ratio(t/c) is 12%, C4 denotes
the base profile, 35 is the camber angle in degrees, P denotes a parabolic arc camber line and 30 is the
percentage of the chord from the leading edge where maximum camber occurs.
American Practice:
Series of aerofoils developed by NACA
A series of camber lines used, each associated with design lift coefficient (C LO) of a single aerofoil.
NACA 65-(12)10
Camber line corresponding to CLO=12/10=1.2 and a profile shape 65 with approximate 10% thickness.
Ordinates for other camber are obtained by direct scaling in proportion to the camber CLO

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Section of profiles in use in axial machines

Characteristics of the Clark Y profile (t/c=10%, Rec=8*105)


Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Lift and Drag Characteristics of flat and cambered


Plates (t/c=0.02, Rec=3*105) adopted from Wallis

Eckerts results for axial fan(Rec=3*105 , same Camber


and rotational speed) showing comparison between
the performance of cambered plate and profiled blade
Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Co-ordinates of NACA 65 Series airfoil (see table 8.2)

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

NACA 6510

C4

3-Different airfoils used in


Turbo machines

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

NACA 65 series of cascade aerofoils


(L.J. Herring ,J.C. Emery and J.R. Erwin.
Courtesy NACA)

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Blades in cascade and the effect


of proximity on blade performance

Note: 65(27) 10 means 65 series foil,


CLO=2.7,t/c=10%;CLO is design lift
Coefficient, related to camber angle
q as sketched
Data for an NACA 65(27) 10 aerofoil in cascade
(b1=450,s/c=1.0)
Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Blade setting variables

Flow & pressure distribution


over symmetrical aerofoil

Flow & pressure distribution


over an inclined aerofoil

Root and tip sections of a typical


Compressor rotor blade illustrating
The degree of twist

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

Layout of a conventional low speed cascade tunnel (Lieblen) (Courtesy of NASA)


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A sample plot of inlet and outlet stagnation pressures


and fluid outlet angle (adopted from Todd)

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Diagrammatic representation
Of fluid deviation

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Compressor cascade characteristics


Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Fig. 1 Space chord ratio correction


For nominal deflection

Fig. 2 Reynolds number correction


For nominal deflection

Fig. 3 Nominal deflection as a


Function of nominal outlet angle

Fig. 4 Off-design performance of


cascade
Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

NACA 65 Series cascade data, Mellor charts


(From Horlock 1958 and Mellor 1956)

Use of Mellor Charts

Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Effect of stagger
Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]


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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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Prepared by Dr. S. Ramamurthy, [email protected]

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