Chapter 2

8. A) B) C)

What is the average mass, in grams, of one potassium atom? 23 g D) 23 g E) 18 g 31.0 g 39.1 g

9. A) B) C)

What is the average mass, in grams, of one atom of iron? D) 24 g E) 23 g 55.85 g 23 g

10.

What is the average mass, in grams, of one arsenic atom?

11.

is 4 g.

12. A) B) C) 28.08 g. 23 g. D) E) 2 g.

13.

What is the mass of

A) B) C)

5 g

D) E) 12.01 g

4 g

14. If 0.274 moles of a substance weighs 62.5 g, what is the molar mass of the substance, in units of g/mol? A) B) C) 3 g/mol D) E) g/mol none of these

15. A) B) C)

One mole of iron is heavier than one mole of lead (Pb). is 77.0 g of iron. E) is 26.0 g of iron. D) weighs the same as one mole of lead.

None of the above.

16. A) B) C)

Which one of the following does not represent 1.00 mol of the indicated substance? D) 26.0 g Fe 12.01 g C E) 65.4 g Zn

17. One nanogram does not seem like a very large number. How many magnesium atoms are there in 1.00 ng of magnesium? A) B) C) 35 atoms 11 atoms D) E)

18. A) B) C)

How many silicon atoms are there in 1.00 g of silicon? 1 atom D) 0.0356 atoms E)

19.

Determine the number of moles of aluminum in 96.7 g of Al.

20. A) B) C)

Calculate the number of moles of xenon in 12.0 g of xenon. 1.00 mol 0.0457 mol 0.183 mol D) E) 3 mol 0.0914 mol

21. A gold wire has a diameter of 1.00 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of gold? (density of Au = 17.0 g/cm3) A) 2630 m B) 3.69 m C) 251 m D) 14.8 m E) 62.7 m

22. A silver wire has a diameter of 0.500 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of silver? (density of Ag = 10.5 g/cm3) A) 52.3 m B) 222 m C) 13.1 m D) 2.01 m E) 890 m

23. A copper wire has a diameter of 2.00 mm. What length of this wire contains exactly 1.00 mol of copper? (density of Cu = 8.92 g/cm3) A) 0.178 m B) 0.567 m C) 180 m D) 45.1 m E) 2.27 m

24.

How many atoms are in 5.54 g of F2?

A) B) C) 0.146 atoms 0.292 atoms

s E)

D)

25. A) B) C)

How many atoms are in 4.39 g of CO2? D) E)

26. A) B) C)

How many atoms are in 0.0728 g of PCl3? D) E)

27.

How many moles of CF4 are there in 171 g of CF4? A) 0.51 mol B) 1.94 mol C) 4.07 mol D) 88.0 mol E) 171 mol

28. A) B) C)

How many moles of NH3 are there in 77.5 g of NH3? 0.220 mol 4.55 mol 14.0 mol D) E) None of the above.

29.

Calculate the number of moles of cesium in 50.0 g of cesium. A) 0.376 mol B) 0.357 mol C) 2.66 mol D) 2.80 mol E) 0.0200 mol

30. A) B) C)

Which of the following samples contains the greatest number of atoms? 100 g of Pb D) 5 g of He 20 million O2 molecules

2.0 mole of Ar E) 0.1 mole of Fe

31.

Calculate the molecular mass of potassium permanganate, KMnO4. A) 52 amu B) 70 amu C) 110 amu D) 158 amu E) 176 amu

32.

Calculate the molecular mass of menthol, C10H20O. A) 156 amu B) 140 amu C) 29 amu D) 146 amu E) 136 amu

33.

What is the molar mass of acetaminophen, C8H9NO2? A) 43 g/mol B) 76 g/mol C) 151 g/mol D) 162 g/mol E) 125 g/mol

34.

What is the molar mass of nicotine, C10H14N2? A) 134 g/mol B) 148 g/mol C) 158 g/mol D) 210 g/mol E) 162 g/mol

35.

What is the mass of 0.0250 mol of P2O5?

36.

Calculate the mass of 3.00 moles of CF2Cl2.

37. The molecular formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. How many aspirin molecules are present in one 500-milligram tablet?

A) B) C)

2.77 molecules D) 3 molecules E) None of these is correct.

38. Formaldehyde has the formula CH2O. How many molecules are there in 0.11 g of formaldehyde?

39. A) B) C)

How many molecules are there in 8.0 g of ozone, O3? 3 molecules D) E) les

40. A) B) C) 5 mol D) 3 mol E) 36.5 mol

41. A) B) C)

How many sodium atoms are there in 6.0 g of Na3N? D) E) 0.217 atoms 0.072 atoms

42.

How many moles of oxygen atoms are there in 10 moles of KClO3?

A) 3 mol B) 3.3 mol C) 10 mol

43. A) B) C)

How many sulfur atoms are there in 21.0 g of Al2S3? D) E)

44.

How many sulfur atoms are present in 25.6 g of Al2(S2O3)3?

45. A) B) C)

How many fluorine atoms are there in 65 g of CF4? 0.74 atoms 3.0 atoms D) E)

46. A) B) C)

How many moles of O atoms are in 25.7 g of CaSO4? 0.189 mol 0.755 mol 4.00 mol D) E)

47.

How many O atoms are there in 51.4 g CaSO4?

48.

How many moles of Cl atoms are there in 65.2 g CHCl3?

49. A) B) C)

How many carbon atoms are there in 10 lbs of sugar, C12H22O11? D) 8.0 159 atoms E) 4.21 atoms 342 atoms

50.

How many grams of sulfur are there in 6.0 g of Fe2(SO4)3? A) 2.40 g B) 0.48 g C) 6.00 g D) 0.92 g E) 1.44 g

51.

How many grams of sodium are there in 10. g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4? A) 0.16 g B) 0.32 g C) 3.2 g D) 1.6 g E) 142 g

52.

How many grams of nitrogen are there in 7.5 g of Ca(NO3)2? A) 0.64 g B) 1.3 g C) 0.15 g D) 1.15 g E) 2.3 g

53.

The mass of four moles of molecular bromine (Br2) is

54.

Calculate the mass of 4.50 moles of chlorine gas, Cl2. 2 g B) 4.5 g C) 15.7 g D) 160 g E) 319 g

55.

What is the mass of 3.00 moles of ethanol, C2H6O?

56.

What is the mass of 0.20 mole of C2H6O (ethanol)? A) 230 g B) 46 g C) 23 g D) 4.6 g E) None of these.

57.

59. The empirical formula of a compound of uranium and fluorine that is composed of 67.6% uranium and 32.4% fluorine is A) U2F B) U3F4 C) UF4 D) UF6 E) UF8

60. The percent composition by mass of a compound is 76.0% C, 12.8% H, and 11.2% O. The molar mass of this compound is 284.5 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound? A) C10H6O B) C9H18O C) C16H28O4 D) C20H12O2 E) C18H36O2

61. A compound was discovered whose composition by mass is 85.6% C and 14.4% H. Which of the following could be the molecular formula of this compound?

A) CH4 B) C2H4 C) C3H4 D) C2H6 E) C3H8

62. An organic thiol compound is 38.66% C, 9.73% H, and 51.61% S by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound? A) C2H6S B) C3H8S C) C4H10S D) C4H12S E) C5H14S

63. The percent composition by mass of an unknown chlorinated hydrocarbon was found to be 37.83% C, 6.35% H, and 55.83% Cl by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound? A) C2H4Cl B) C3H7Cl C) C3H6Cl2 D) C4H9Cl E) C5H11Cl

64. A) B) C) D) E)

Which one of the following chemical reactions is balanced?

65. What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest set of whole numbers?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

66. What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is properly balanced with smallest set of whole numbers?

A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 12 E) 24

67. When balanced with smallest set of whole numbers, the coefficient of O2 in the following equation is

A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) 6.

68. When a chemical equation is balanced, it will have a set of whole number coefficients that cannot be reduced to smaller whole numbers. What is the coefficient for O2 when the following combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon is balanced?

A) 42 B) 21 C) 11 D) 10 E) none of these

69. What is the coefficient preceding O2 when the following combustion reaction of a fatty acid is properly balanced using the smallest set of whole numbers?

A) 1 B) 8 C) 9 D) 26 E) 27

70. What is the coefficient of H2SO4 when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest set of whole numbers?

A) 3 B) 8 C) 10 D) 11 E) none of these

71. Balance the equation below using the smallest set of whole numbers. What is the coefficient of H2O?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) none of these

72. What is the coefficient of O2 when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest set of whole numbers?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 7 E) none of these

73. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the coefficients. Do not forget to count coefficients of one. The sum of the coefficients is

A) 4. B) 6. C) 7. D) 9. E) none of these.

74. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one. The sum of the coefficients is

A) 4. B) 9. C) 11. D) 13. E) 15.

75. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the coefficients. Do not forget to count coefficients of one. The sum of the coefficients is

A) 3. B) 5. C) 6. D) 9. E) 12.

76. Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the coefficients. Do not forget to count coefficients of one. The sum of the coefficients is

A) 4. B) 6. C) 8. D) 10. E) 12.

77.

Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

When 40.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent? A) NH3 B) O2 C) NO D) H2O E) No reagent is limiting.

78.

Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

When 20.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent? A) NH3 B) O2 C) NO D) H2O E) No reagent is limiting.

79. When 22.0 g NaCl and 21.0 g H2SO4 are mixed and react according to the equation below, which is the limiting reagent?

A) NaCl B) H2SO4 C) Na2SO4 D) HCl E) No reagent is limiting.

80.

0 moles of V2O5 are mixed with 10.0 moles of Ca, which is the limiting reagent?

A) V2O5 B) Ca C) V D) CaO E) No reagent is limiting.

81. acid.

Chlorine gas can be made from the reaction of manganese dioxide with hydrochloric

According to the above reaction, which is the limiting reagent when 28 g of MnO2 are reacted with 42 g of HCl? A) MnO2 B) HCl C) MnCl2 D) Cl2 E) No reagent is limiting.

82. How many grams of Cl2 can be prepared from the reaction of 16.0 g of MnO2 and 30.0 g of HCl according to the following chemical equation?

A) 0.82 g B) 5.8 g C) 13.0 g D) 14.6 g E) 58.4 g

83.

Hydrogen chloride gas can be prepared by the following reaction:

How many grams of HCl can be prepared from 2.00 mol H2SO4 and 150 g NaCl? A) 7.30 g B) 93.5 g C) 146 g D) 150 g E) 196 g

84. Calculate the mass of FeS formed when 9.42 g of iron reacts with 8.50 g of sulfur according to the following reaction.

A) 17.9 g B) 87.9 g C) 26.0 g D) 14.8 g E) 1.91

3 g

85. What is the theoretical yield of chromium that can be produced by the reaction of 40.0 g of Cr2O3 with 8.00 g of aluminum according to the chemical equation below?

A) 7.7 g B) 15.4 g C) 27.3 g D) 30.8 g E) 49.9 g

86. Calculate the mass of excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction in which 90.0 g of SO2 are mixed with 100.0 g of O2.

A) 11.5 g B) 22.5 g C) 67.5 g D) 77.5 g E) 400 g

87. What is the maximum number of grams of ammonia, NH3, that can be obtained from the reaction of 10.0 g of H2 and 80.0 g of N2?

A) 28.4 g B) 48.6 g C) 56.7 g D) 90.0 g E) 97.1 g

88.

How many grams of water could be made from 5.0 mol H2 and 3.0 mol O2? A) 90. g B) 36 g C) 42 g D) 45 g E) 108 g

89.

Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:

What is the theoretical yield of water, in moles, when 40.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are mixed and allowed to react?

A) 1.30 mol B) 1.57 mol C) 1.87 mol D) 3.53 mol E) None of these.

90. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium, in moles, that can be produced by the reaction of 2.0 mole of V2O5 with 6.0 mole of calcium based on the following chemical reaction?

A) 1.0 mol B) 1.6 mol C) 2.0 mol D) 2.4 mol E) 4.0 mol

91. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium, in moles, that can be produced by the reaction of 1.0 mole of V2O5 with 4.0 mole of calcium based on the following chemical reaction?

A) 1.0 mol B) 1.6 mol C) 2.0 mol D) 0.80 mol E) None of these

92. What is the theoretical yield of vanadium that can be produced by the reaction of 40.0 g of V2O5 with 40.0 g of calcium based on the following chemical reaction?

A) 11.2 g B) 5.6 g C) 22.4 g D) 40.0 g E) 20.3 g

93. How many grams of Cr can be produced by the reaction of 44.1 g of Cr2O3 with 35.0 g of Al according to the following chemical reaction?

A) 7.56 g B) 30.2 g C) 67.4 g D) 104 g E) None of these.

94. What is the theoretical yield of aluminum that can be produced by the reaction of 60.0 g of aluminum oxide with 30.0 g of carbon according to the following chemical reaction?

A) 30.0 g B) 7.9 g C) 101.2 g D) 45.0 g E) 31.8 g

95. A 1.375 g sample of mannitol, a sugar found in seaweed, is burned completely in oxygen to give 1.993 g of carbon dioxide and 0.9519 g of water. The empirical formula of mannitol is A) CHO B) CH7O3 C) C3H2O D) C3H7O3 E) CH2O

96. A 0.8715 g sample of sorbic acid, a compound first obtained from the berries of a certain ash tree, is burned completely in oxygen to give 2.053 g of carbon dioxide and 0.5601 g of water. The empirical formula of sorbic acid is A) CH2O B) C3H4O C) CH4O3 D) C3H4O2 E) C2H4O2

97. An oxyhydrocarbon produced in a chemical reaction was determined to have a molecular mass of 120.20 g/mol. Which of the following is a possible empirical formula for this compound? A) CH4O B) C2H6O C) C3H8O D) C3H8O2 E) C4H10O2

98. Washing soda is a hydrate of sodium carbonate. Elemental analysis of a sample of washing soda gave 4.20% C and 7.05% H. What is the formula for washing soda? A) B) C) D) E) Na2

99.

The first step in the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid is

If the reaction of 150. g of ammonia with 150. g of oxygen gas yields 87. g of nitric oxide (NO), what is the percent yield of this reaction? A) 100% B) 49% C) 77% D) 33% E) 62%

100.

One way of obtaining pure sodium carbonate is through the decomposition of the

2Na3(CO3)(HC

recovered. What is the percent yield of this reaction? (1 metric ton = 103 kg) A) 95% B) 73% C) 65% D) 42% E) 13%

101. When octane (C8H18) is burned in a particular internal combustion engine, the yield of products (carbon dioxide and water) is 93%. What mass of carbon dioxide will be produced in this engine when 15.0 g of octane is burned with 15.0 g of oxygen gas? A) 13. g B) 12. g C) 21 g D) 54. g E) 43. g

102. The Hall process for the production of aluminum involves the reaction of aluminum oxide with elemental carbon to give aluminum metal and carbon monoxide. If the yield of this reaction

A) B) C)

D) E)

103. The Hall process for the production of aluminum involves the reaction of aluminum oxide with elemental carbon to give aluminum metal and carbon monoxide. If the yield of this reaction is 82% and aluminum ore is 71% by mass aluminum oxide, what mass of aluminum ore must be mined in o A) B) C) D) E)

104. A method for producing pure copper metal involves the reaction of copper(I) sulfide with oxygen gas to give copper metal and sulfur dioxide. Suppose the yield of this reaction is 87%. What (1.0 metric ton) of copper metal? A) B) C) 1.4 D) E)

105. Solid sodium hydrogen carbonate (also known as sodium bicarbonate) can be decomposed to form solid sodium carbonate, gaseous carbon dioxide, and water vapor. When the balanced chemical reaction for this process is written such that the coefficient of water is 1, what is the coefficient of carbon dioxide? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) E) cannot be determined

106. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to form aluminum nitrate and water. What mass of water can be formed by the reaction of 15.0 g of aluminum hydroxide with excess nitric acid? A) 1.15 g B) 3.46 g C) 45.0 g D) 6.14 g E) 10.4 g

107. Liquid hexane, C6H14, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What is the minimum mass of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 10.0 mL of hexane? (density of hexane = 0.660 g/mL) A) 3.71 g B) 2.45 g C) 23.3 g D) 46.6 g E) 35.3 g

108. Liquid heptane, C7H16 , burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What mass of carbon dioxide is produced when 15.0 mL of heptane burns completely? (density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL) A) 46.1 g B) 71.8 g C) 4.49 g D) 6.59 g E) 31.5 g

109. Liquid heptane, C7H16, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What mass of water is produced when 15.0 mL of heptane burns completely? (density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL) A) 14.8 g B) 2.70 g C) 31.6 g D) 1.85 g E) 21.6 g

110. Liquid heptane, C7H16, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What is the minimum mass of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 25.5 mL of heptane? (density of heptane = 0.6838 g/mL) A) 8.14 g B) 89.6 g C) 61.3 g D) 30.6 g E) 5.57 g

113.

How many moles of aluminum are present in an Al cylinder with a mass of 15 g?

114.

How many moles of iron are present in an iron cylinder that weighs 25 g?

115.

Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of H2SO4.

116.

Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of P4O10.

117.

Calculate the molecular mass, in g/mol, of C6H12O6.

118.

How many ICl3 molecules are present in 1.75 kg of ICl3?

119.

How many Mg atoms are present in 170 g of Mg?

120.

Calculate the mass of 3.7 moles of Br2.

121.

Calculate the volume of 0.15 mole of Br2. The density of Br2 is 3.12 g/mL.

122. A chemistry student determined the empirical formula for titanium sulfide (TixSy). To do so, she reacted titanium with excess sulfur in a crucible, and recorded the following data: Weight of crucible Weight of titanium 11.120 g 8.820 g

Weight of crucible and product 31.700 g What is the empirical formula of titanium sulfide?

123. A chemistry student determined the empirical formula for tungsten oxide (WxOy). To do so, he heated tungsten with oxygen in a crucible. The data that he recorded are shown below: Weight of crucible Weight of tungsten 11.120 g 8.820 g

Weight of crucible and product 22.998 g What is the empirical formula of tungsten oxide?

124. A compound with a percent composition by mass of 87.5% N and 12.5% H was recently discovered. What is the empirical formula for this compound?

126. substance?

If 0.66 mole of a substance has a mass of 99 g, what is the molecular mass of the

127. Calculate the molecular mass of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, a compound frequently used as automobile antifreeze.

128.

Calculate the percent composition by mass of sodium in Na2CO3.

129.

Calculate the percent composition by mass of carbon in Na2CO3.

130.

Calculate the percent composition by mass of oxygen in Na2CO3.

131. A 0.600 g sample of a compound of arsenic and oxygen was found to contain 0.454 g of arsenic. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

132. A sample of unknown ore was analyzed and found to contain 12.7% Al, 19.7% N, and 67.6% O. What is the empirical formula of this ore?

133. Phosgene, a poisonous gas used during WWI, is composed of 12.1% C, 16.2% O, and 71.1% Cl. What is the empirical formula of phosgene?

134..

What percent by mass of oxygen is present in carbon monoxide, CO?

135.

Balance the following chemical equation:

136.

Balance the following chemical equation:

137.

Balance the following chemical equation:

138.

Balance the following chemical equation:

139.

Balance the following chemical equation:

140.

Balance the following chemical equation:

141.

Balance the following chemical equation:

142.

Balance the following chemical equation:

143. produced if 53 g of CO2 are produced?

. How many grams of CaS are

144. are required to react completely with 38 g of CS2?

145.

How many grams of silver nitrate are necessary to react completely with 7.000 moles of copper?

146. What mass of sodium nitrate would be produced from the complete reaction of 1.00 mol of lead nitrate?

147. What is the minimum mass of sulfur dioxide necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the following reaction?

148. What is the minimum mass of oxygen gas necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the following reaction?

149. What is the minimum mass of water necessary to produce 200. g of sulfuric acid in the following reaction?

150. How many moles of phosphine (PH3 ) are produced for every 4.0 moles of hydrogen that react according to the chemical equation below?

151. oxygen.

Calculate the mass of sodium chlorate that must be decomposed to form 6.5 g of

152. What is the theoretical yield of PI3 if 48.0 g of I2 are reacted with an excess of phosphorus according to the following chemical equation?

153. Phosphorus reacts with iodine as shown in the chemical reaction below. What is the percent yield of the reaction if 28.2 g PI3 is obtained from the reaction of 48.0 g of I2 with excess phosphorus?

154. What is the limiting reagent when 27.0 g of P and 68.0 g of I2 react according to the following chemical equation?

155. Determine the number of moles of water produced by the reaction of 155 g of ammonia and 356 g of oxygen.

156.

What is the theoretical yield of PI3 from the reaction of 27.0 g of P and 68.0 g of I2? 3(s)

157. When a 0.860 g sample of an organic compound containing C, H, and O was burned completely in oxygen, 1.64 g of CO2 and 1.01 g of H2O were produced. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

158. When a 0.952 g sample of an organic compound containing C, H, and O is burned completely in oxygen, 1.35 g of CO2 and 0.826 g of H2O are produced. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

159. The percent composition by mass of tartaric acid is: 32.01% C, 4.03% H, and 63.96% O. Given that the molecular mass of tartaric acid is 150 amu, determine its molecular formula.