"STIFFNER" --- STEEL BEAM WEB STIFFENER ANALYSIS

Program Description:
"STIFFNER" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of steel beams subject to concentrated loads. Specifically, web yielding, web crippling, and web buckling criteria are checked to determine if web stiffeners are required to resist the concentrated load. If stiffeners are required, the stiffener size and weld requirements are determined. This program is a workbook consisting of three (3) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet Name
Doc Beam Stiffeners Beam Stiffeners (Table)

Description
This documentation sheet Steel beam web stiffener analysis for concentrated loads Steel beam web stiffener analysis for concentrated loads (table version)

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. This program follows the procedures and guidelines of the AISC 9th Edition Allowable Stress (ASD) Manual for wide flange beams subjected to concentrated compressive loads per Chapter K, pages 5-80 to 5-83. 2. This program uses the database of member dimensions and section properties from the "AISC Shapes Database", Version 3.0 (2001) as well as the AISC 9th Edition (ASD) Manual (1989). 3. For the purpose of determining the total composite section to be considered for resisting the compressive load, the program assumes a spacing of 3" center-to-center between the stiffener pairs. Thus the total effective strips of web to be included in the composite section along with the stiffeners are as follows: For interior condition (P or R > d/2): 1-pair: 25*tw 2-pairs: 25*tw+3" 3-pairs: 25*tw+6" For end condition (P or R <= d/2): 1-pair: 12*tw 2-pairs: 12*tw+3" 3-pairs: 12*tw+6" 4. This program contains numerous comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)

"STIFFNER.xls" Program Version 2.5

STEEL BEAM WEB STIFFENER ANALYSIS

Web Yielding, Crippling, Buckling, and Stiffener Criteria for Concentrated Load or Reaction Per AISC 9th Edition Manual (ASD) Job Name: Subject: Job Number: Originator: Checker: Input Data: Beam Size: Select: W18x35
x = 10 P = 40
kips ksi in. ft. ft. in. ksi Stiffener (NS & FS)

N = 12

Beam Load or End Reaction: Load or Reaction? (P/R) P P or R = 40.00 Design Parameters: Beam Yield, Fyb = 50 Bearing Length, N = 12.000 Unbraced Length, Lb = 20.000 Distance to P or R, x = 10.000 Loaded Flg. Restrained? No Stiffener Thickness, ts = 0.3750 Stiffener Yield, Fys = 36 Number of Stiff. Pairs = 1-Pair Beam Properties: d = 17.700 tw = 0.300 bf = 6.000 tf = 0.425 k = 0.8270 Results:

k = 0.827

N+5*k d=17.7
Stiffener (NS & FS)

N+2.5*k

k = 0.827 x R

W18x35

Nomenclature
in. in. in. in. in.

Notes: 1. When stiffeners are required, program assumes full height stiffeners. 2. Only 1-pair of stiffeners depicted at either reaction or load (if required) but may be 2-pairs or 3-pairs spaced 3" o.c.

Gross Shear Capacity of Beam Web: Rv = N.A. kips Rv = 0.40*Fyb*d*tw Local Web Yielding: Rwy = 159.74 Web Crippling: Rwc =

(Not applicable for P)

kips

(Criteria is for P away from beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-2) Rwy = 0.66*Fyb*tw*(N+5*k) Rwy >= P, O.K. (Criteria is for P away from beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-4) Rwc = 67.5*tw^2*(1+3*(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(Fyb*tf/tw) Rwc >= P, O.K. (Criteria is for beam with unrestrained top flange per AISC Eqn. K1-7) h = d-2*tf dc = d-2*k Critical ratio for sidesway web buckling <= 1.7, this check is required Rwb = 6,800*tw^3/h*(0.4*((dc/tw)/(Lb/bf))^3) Rwb < P, Fail Conclusion: Stiffeners for beam web are required
(continued)

112.80

kips

Sidesway Web Buckling: h = 16.8500 dc = 16.0460 (dc/tw)/(Lb/bf) = 1.337 Rwb = 10.42

in. in. kips

2 of 6

7/8/2013 8:56 AM

"STIFFNER.xls" Program Version 2.5

Beam Web Stiffener Design: (Note: stiffeners are assumed to be full depth, from flange to flange.) Stiffener Width: bs(min) = 1.850 bs = 2.500 Stiffener Thickness: ts(min) = 0.213
in. in.

bs(min) = 2/3*bf/2-tw/2 bs = bf/2-tw/2 (rounded down to nearest 1/2 inch)

in.

ts(min) = larger of: tf/2 or bs*SQRT(Fys)/95

ts >= ts(min), O.K.

Check Stiffener Slenderness and Compressive Stress: b/t = 6.67 b/t = bs/ts b/t(max) = 15.83 b/t(max) = 95/SQRT(Fys) K= 0.75 (assumed effective length factor per AISC Code, page 5-82) L= 16.85 in. L = h = d-2*tf I= 4.67 in.^4 I = 2*(ts*bs^3/12+(ts*bs)*(bs/2+tw/2)^2)+(25*tw)*tw^3/12 A= 4.13 in.^2 A = 2*(ts*bs)+(25*tw)*tw r= 1.064 in. r = SQRT(I/A) fa = 9.70 ksi fa =P/A KL/r = 11.88 (effective slenderness ratio for compression) Cc = SQRT(2*p^2*29000/Fys) Cc = 126.10 Fa = 21.06 ksi If KL/r <= Cc: Fa=(1-(K*L/r)^2/(2*Cc^2))*Fys/(5/3+3*(K*L/r)/(8*Cc)-(K*L/r)^3/(8*Cc^3)) If KL/r > Cc: Fa = 12*p^2*29000/(23*(K*L/r)^2) Fa >= fa, O.K. Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange: Ps = 29.58 kips Ps = P-(Minimum of Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb) (design force) Lw = 7.00 in. Lw = (bs-0.75)*4 fw = 4.23 kips/in. fw = Ps/Lw w(req'd) = 0.2846 in. (size) w(req'd) = fw/((SQRT(2)/2)*(0.30*70)) w(min) = 0.1875 in. w(min) = Min. fillet weld size from AISC Table J2.4, page 5-67 w(max) = 0.1818 in. w(max) = 0.40*Fys*ts/((SQRT(2)/2)*0.30*70*2) Weld req'd. > weld max. Stiffener Welding to Beam Web: Use full-pen. weld or increase mat. thk. Ps = 29.58 kips Ps = P-(Minimum of Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb) (design force) Lw = 62.18 in. Lw = (d-2*(k+0.25))*4 fw = 0.48 kips/in. fw = Ps/Lw w(req'd) = 0.0320 in. (size) w(req'd) = fw/((SQRT(2)/2)*(0.30*70)) w(min) = 0.1875 in. w(min) = Min. fillet weld size from AISC Table J2.4, page 5-67 w(max) = 0.1818 in. w(max) = 0.40*Fy*tw/((SQRT(2)/2)*0.3*70*2) Weld req'd. <= weld max., O.K.

Comments:

3 of 6

7/8/2013 8:56 AM

"STIFFNER.xls" Program Version 2.5

STEEL BEAM WEB STIFFENER ANALYSIS

Web Yielding, Crippling, Buckling, and Stiffener Criteria for Concentrated Load or Reaction Per AISC 9th Edition Manual (ASD)
Job Name: Job Number: Subject: Originator: Checker:

Assumptions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Input Data:
N

5.

Beam Yield Stress, Fyb = Stiffener Yield Stress, Fys =

50 36

ksi ksi x

P k
Stiffener (NS & FS)

6.

N+5*k d
Stiffener (NS & FS)

N+2.5*k

k x R N

Beam

7. 8. 9. 10.

Nomenclature 11.

When stiffeners are required, program assumes full height stiffeners. Only 1-pair of stiffeners is depicted at either reaction or load (if required) in sketch at left, but may be 2-pairs or 3-pairs spaced 3" o.c. Beam gross web shear: Rv = 0.40*Fyb*d*tw (per AISC Eqn. F4-1) Beam local web yielding: For load away from beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-2 where x > d: Rwy = 0.66*Fyb*tw*(N+5*k) For load near beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-3 where x <= d: Rwy = 0.66*Fyb*tw*(N+2.5*k) Beam web crippling: For load away from beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-4 where x > d: Rwc = 67.5*tw^2*(1+3*(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(Fyb*tf/tw) For load near beam end per AISC Eqn. K1-5 where x <= d: Rwc = 34*tw^2*(1+3*(N/d)*(tw/tf)^1.5)*SQRT(Fyb*tf/tw) Beam sidesway web buckling: If loaded flange is restrained and if (dc/tw)/(Lb/bf) <=2.3, sidesway web buckling check is required, and capacity of beam is per AISC Eqn. K1-6: Rwb = 6,800*tw^3/h*(1+0.4*((dc/tw)/(Lb/bf))^3) , where: h = d-2*tf , dc = d-2*k If loaded flange is restrained and if (dc/tw)/(Lb/bf) > 2.3, sidesway web buckling will not occur. If loaded flange is not restrained and if (dc/tw)/(Lb/bf) <=1.7, sidesway web buckling check is required, and capacity of beam is per AISC Eqn. K1-7: Rwb = 6,800*tw^3/h*(0.4*((dc/tw)/(Lb/bf))^3) , where: h = d-2*tf , dc = d-2*k If loaded flange is not restrained and if (dc/tw)/(Lb/bf) > 1.7, sidesway web buckling will not occur. Stiffener width used: bs = bf/2-tw/2 (rounded down to nearest 1/2 inch) Minimum thickness of stiffeners: ts(min) = larger of: tf/2 or bs*SQRT(Fys)/95 An effective length factor, K = 0.75, per AISC Code, page 5-82 is used in determining allowable compressive stress (Fa) of stiffener and applicable portion of beam web. For 1-pair of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw For 2-pairs of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw+3" , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw+3" For 3-pairs of stiffeners, assumed effective width of beam web to be included in composite section is: for interior load (P): 25*tw+6" , for end load/reaction (R): 12*tw+6" When stiffeners are required, stiffener design force is: Ps = (P or R) - (Minimum of Rwy, Rwc, or Rwb)

Beam, Location, or Node I.D.

1-200 1-200 1-200 1-200

Beam Size W18x35 W18x35 W18x35 W18x35

Load or Reaction?
(P or R)

Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)

Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)

Distance to P or R x
(ft.)

Is Loaded Flange Restrained?

(Yes / No)

Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)

Bearing Length, N
(in.)

No. of Stiffener Pairs

(1, 2, or 3)

Web Shear Rv
(kips)

Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling Rwy Rwc Rwb
(kips) (kips) (kips)

Max. P or R without Stiffeners

(kips)

Are Stiffeners Req'd.?

(Yes / No)

Width bs
(in.)

Min. Thk. ts(min)

(in.)

Actual Stress fa
(ksi)

Allow. Stress Fa
(ksi)

Stiffener Design Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

Beam Propertie Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

R P P P

40.00 22.00 22.00 22.00

5.000 20.000 20.000 20.000

0.500 10.000 10.000 10.000

Yes No No No

0.0000 0.3750 0.3750 0.3750

12.0000 12.0000 12.0000 12.0000

1 1 2 3

106.20 N.A. N.A. N.A.

139.27 159.74 159.74 159.74

56.82 112.80 112.80 112.80

N.A. 10.42 10.42 10.42

56.82 10.42 10.42 10.42

No **Yes** **Yes** **Yes**

0.000 2.500 2.500 2.500

0.000 0.213 0.213 0.213

--5.33 3.19 2.27

--21.06 21.11 21.13

--0.111 0.056 0.037

--0.1875 0.1875 0.1875

--0.182 0.182 0.182

--0.013 0.006 0.004

--0.1875 0.1875 0.1875

--0.182 0.182 0.182

4 of 6

7/8/2013 8:56 AM

"STIFFNER.xls" Program Version 2.5 Beam, Location, or Node I.D. Load or Reaction?
(P or R)

Beam Size

Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)

Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)

Distance to P or R x
(ft.)

Is Loaded Flange Restrained?

(Yes / No)

Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)

Bearing Length, N
(in.)

No. of Stiffener Pairs

(1, 2, or 3)

Web Shear Rv
(kips)

Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling Rwy Rwc Rwb
(kips) (kips) (kips)

Max. P or R without Stiffeners

(kips)

Are Stiffeners Req'd.?

(Yes / No)

Width bs
(in.)

Min. Thk. ts(min)

(in.)

Actual Stress fa
(ksi)

Allow. Stress Fa
(ksi)

Stiffener Design Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

Beam Propertie Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

5 of 6

7/8/2013 8:56 AM

"STIFFNER.xls" Program Version 2.5 Beam, Location, or Node I.D. Load or Reaction?
(P or R)

Beam Size

Load or Reaction P or R
(kips)

Unbraced Length Lb
(ft.)

Distance to P or R x
(ft.)

Is Loaded Flange Restrained?

(Yes / No)

Stiffener Thk. ts
(in.)

Bearing Length, N
(in.)

No. of Stiffener Pairs

(1, 2, or 3)

Web Shear Rv
(kips)

Beam Web Capacity Checks (without stiffeners) Web Yielding Web Crippling Sidesway Web Buckling Rwy Rwc Rwb
(kips) (kips) (kips)

Max. P or R without Stiffeners

(kips)

Are Stiffeners Req'd.?

(Yes / No)

Width bs
(in.)

Min. Thk. ts(min)

(in.)

Actual Stress fa
(ksi)

Allow. Stress Fa
(ksi)

Stiffener Design Stiffener Welding to Beam Flange w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

Beam Propertie Stiffener Welding to Beam Web w(req'd) w(min) w(max)

(in.) (in.) (in.)

6 of 6

7/8/2013 8:56 AM