Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) Language Lessons

by H. Anne Helgerson

Orig. Technical Paper # 36 Payap University

September 1998

Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh October 2009

Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) Language Lessons

by H. Anne Helgerson

Orig. Technical Paper # 36 Payap University

September 1998

Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh October 2009

Abstract
This book presents a structured series of language learning lessons intended to help a person to systematically learn the Kayah Li (Western Red Karen/Karenni) language. Each lesson contains a dialogue, grammar and vocabulary drills, lesson vocabulary and additional phrases and vocabulary. The lessons are preceded by an introduction which presents the essential aspects of Kayah phonology, a knowledge of which would be helpful to those using the lessons. The unique orthography used by the Kayah people themselves is also introduced for those who would like to explore this area further. Notes on Language and People Terms: Karenni (Karen-red) refers to all the minority people groups who are from Karenni State (renamed to Kayah State) in Myanmar. Kayah refers to the largest of the minority groups and is the name that the Kayah use to refer to themselves as well as their language. The Kayah speak different dialects of the Kayah Li (red) language. In this book, the Western dialect of the Kayah language will be taught which in English is referred to as Western Red Karen.

Table of contents
Foreword Introduction Linguistic background Kayah (W. Red Karen) phonology Kayah (W. Red Karen) orthography Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: Lesson 7: Lesson 8: Lesson 9: Lesson 10: Lesson 11: Lesson 12: Lesson 13: Lesson 14: Lesson 15: Lesson 16: Lesson 17: Lesson 18: Greetings Learning to speak Kayah (W. Red Karen) Family Occupations A visit At the market Looking for someone The weather Cooking food Sickness Weaving Clothing Tending animals Planting a garden Fishing Hunting Building a house School 1 2 2 2 4 7 9 11 14 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55

Foreword
Purpose of the Language Lessons These language lessons will be useful to anyone wishing to study or learn the Kayah (Western Red Karen) language. In order to use these lessons, a basic knowledge of English is required, as well as the ability to read phonetic script (IPA - International Phonetic Alphabet). Additionally, these lessons could be used by a speaker/reader of Kayah to improve his or her English skills.

A further purpose of these language lessons is to contribute to the body of knowledge about the Kayah language. Research Methodology The basic language-learning phrases, dialogues, sentence patterns and drills were originally elicited from a native speaker of Kayah residing in Chiang Mai. The phrases, dialogues and terms were checked at different stages for spelling, naturalness and accuracy by a number of native language speakers who have advanced literacy skills.

Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in the language lessons: sing. lit. clsf. colloq. form. singular literally classifier colloquial use, common speech formal use, used in writing more than speaking

Introduction
1. Linguistic background1 The Kayah language is a Central Karenic language. It is spoken in Kayah State of Myanmar and in Mae Hong Son province of northwest Thailand. The number of Kayah people is estimated to be 210,000 (Grimes 1996). 2. Kayah Phonology Syllable structure There are four syllable types in Kayah: V, CV, CCV and CCCV. The CV syllable pattern is the most common. Tones occur on the nucleus of the syllable, as does breathiness. A single diphthong // is treated as one vowel. Words in Kayah can be one, two or three syllables long. Compound words are also fairly common. Consonants: PostAlveolar Retroflex Alveolar Bilabial LabioDental Dental Glottal k k x m n r l w j h

Plosive

voiceless p voiceless p aspirated voiced b voiceless voiced v voiced voiced

t t d () s z

Fricative

Afficate Nasal Tap Lateral Approximant

Note: // is considered by Mr. Hte Reh to be an allophone of // . However, since the Kayah separate these two elements in their own orthography, I have treated them as separate for this research.
1

much of the information in this introduction comes from Mr. Hte Reh 1995.

Palatal

Velar

Consonant clusters The following consonant clusters are found in Kayah: kjklkrkljkrjkjtjtjdjkwklwkrwkwtwtw dwnjmjjVowels: Front unround round i e a Central unround round Back unround round u o nwmwhjplprpjpljprjpjbjpwplwprwpwbwrjljrwlwjwsjzj jvjjw wsw-

Close Close-mid Open-mid Open

There is also a diphthong / / which is treated as a single vowel. All vowels, including the diphthong, have a breathy conterpart. These are written phonetically using the subscript umlaut, for example: /a/ Tone Kayah has four tones which will be marked as follows: low () mid () high-mid (unmarked) // // / /

3. Kayah Orthography The Kayah orthography was first designed by Mr. Thae Bu Phae, a Kayah leader, in the late 1950s. Consonants: A B I J O L /k/ /k/ / t/ /t/ /d/ / p/ M P UE F X U /p/ /b / // /s/ / / // V W G N K H /h/ / v/ /z/ /m/ /n / // D Q S T R / / /r/ /l / /w/ /j/

Notes: There are two additional symbols used. The symbol C is used for the sound of g in some loan words. Most often this symbol is used as part of a vowel symbol (see next section). The symbol E is used for the sound s found in loan words. Vowels: a b c / a/ // /i/ d e ak /o/ // // g h i / u/ /e/ / /

In the Kayah orthography, breathiness is written by placing V (also used as h) before the vowel that is breathy. For example: KVakp /n/ you.

The non-breathy version of // is written in the following way: consonant + Rb for example: KRbp /n/ that.

The breathy version / / is written in the following way: examples: consonant + VCb consonant + VCb LVCb /p / older sibling

dpAVCb /ok / to rest

Consonant clusters
cluster breathy counterpart cluster breathy counterpart cluster breathy counterpart

kjklkrASAQASVAQVkljkrjpjplprkjkwtjtwtjtwdjdwpjpwbjbwLSLQBRBTIRITJRJTOROTMRMTPRPTLSVLQVrjrwljlwpljprjnjnwmjmwj-

ARAQRLRLQRKRKTNRNTDRQRQTSRST-

AVRAQVRLVRLQVRKVRKTVNVRNTV-

kwklwkrwpwplwprwsjswjwzj-

ATAQTLTLQTFRFTURUTORWRXRXTRTVR-

ATVAQTVLTVLQTVOVRWVRXVRXTV-

ASR- ASVR-

AST- ASTV-

LSR- LSVR-

LST- LSTV-

QVRQTVSVRSTV-

vjjwjwhj-

Note that V, used to indicate breathiness, is usually placed directly before the vowel it modifies. An exception is when R /j/ is the second or third letter in a cluster. In this case, R is written between the V and the vowel.

Tones: The four tones are written in the following way in the Kayah orthography. The vowel a /a/ is used as an example. low mid high mid high ap aq unmarked ao

Lesson 1: Greetings
1.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. B. A. Hello. Have you finished eating? Ive finished eating. Where are you going? Im going traveling for fun/visiting. Im going now.

tE-rjabE nE- nE- e tH h E- e tH h nE- dZ bite

IVakQ p RaPakp KVakp KVakp hp JRbq Vi VVakq ? hp JRbq Vi KVakp XRb PcIhq ? Waq XRb dpShq LQf XRb Vi

va dZ ole prE dZ h

1.2 Drills Drill 1:

I am going visiting. to the village. to town. to the forest.

va dZ ole d d d viku d miklE

Waq XRb dpShq Ob Oiq Ob WVcqAgq Ob NVcpASakq

Drill 2:
I am eating (rice). going. bathing.

va e ( di ) dZ il- tHje

Waq hp (Ocq ) XRb cpSVCb JRhq

1.3 Lesson vocabulary

I you (sing.) to go; walk to walk for fun; go visiting to eat (lit. to eat rice) to bathe

va nE- dZ dZ ole e di il- tHje

Waq KVakp XRb XRb dpShq hp Ocq cpSVCb JRhq

to; at village town jungle question marker where already

d d vi ku mi - klE E- bite h / tH h

Ob Oiq WVcqAgq NVcpASakq VVakq PcIhq Vi / JRbq Vi

1.4 Additional phrases

Hello (to more than one person) tE-rjabE Ti See you tomorrow. How are you? I am fine. Thank you

IVakQ p RaPakp Ucq NRaJRhp FRhLapQdq KVakp dpNVdp dpQRa VVakq ? Waq dpNVdp dpQRa LQf IVakP p Tc

mjatHje sHjeparo nE- omo- orja E- va omo- orja prE tE-bwi

Lesson 2: Learning to speak Red Karen

2.1 Dialogue
A. Can you speak Red Karen? I can speak a little Is Red Karen difficult to speak? Its not difficult. From what country do you come? I come from Canada. Where do you live? I am living in Chiang Mai Im going back now. See you again sometime.

nE- hebEdZja- kajali No E- va hebEdZja- taki prE hebE kajali No- apja- E- apja- na to nE- od ke- bite va od kHEne-da nE- o bite va od kima ka- h mjatHje no po- pa

KVakp VhPakX p VRa AapRaqSVcp DVd VVakq ? Waq VhPakX p VRa IapAcp LQak VhPakp AapRaqSVcp DVd apLVRa VVakq apLVRa Ka Idp KVakp dpOb AVh PcIhq ? Waq dpOb BakKVhpOap KVakp dp PcIhq ? Waq dpOb AcpNaq AVap Vi NRaJRhp Kdp LVd LVaq

B. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B.

2.2 Drills Drill 1:

Can you speak Red Karen? nE-

hebE

dZjadZja kajali NoNo- E- KVakp VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd VVakq ?

read

nE- h dZjadZja kajali ali E- KVakp Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq ?

write

nE- ra dZjadZja kajali lipl E- KVakp Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq ?

Drill 2:
I can speak a little. read write

va hebE dZja- taki prE h ra

Waq VhPakp Vb Qaq

XVRa IapAcp LQak

Drill 3:
I cant speak Red Karen. va

hebE dZja- kajali No- to Waq VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd Idp

read

va h dZjadZja kajali ali to Waq Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp Idp

write

va ra dZjadZja kajali lipl to Waq Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip Idp

2.3 Lesson vocabulary

to speak to read to write to be able to to see later again

hebE h ra dZjamjatHje no po-

VhPakp Vb Qaq XVRa NRaJRhp Kdp LVd

just; only negative few; a little difficult country Red Karen language Red Karen alphabet Red Karen letters, words

prE to taki apjakekajali No-kajali ali kajali lipl

LQak Idp IapAcp apLVRa AVh AapRaqSVcp DVd AapRaqSVcp apScp AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip

to return; go back to be; have; live

ka-

AVap

dp

2.4 Additional phrases

Please speak slowly. Please say it again. I dont understand clearly. How is it said? Did I say it correctly? Yes, it was correct. No, it was not correct. kHjaTEdo hebE z- taki kHjaTEdo he po- th va TEe ta- pluto he pHute va he ato E- ato BRaUakOdq VhPakp GViq IapAcp BRaUakOdq Vh LVd IbpVep Waq UakHhq IVaqLSgIdp Vh MgIhq ? Waq Vh apIdq VVakq ? apIdq

atoto

apIdqIdp

Lesson 3: Family
3.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. B. A. What is your name? My name is ____. Are you married? No, Im not married. How many siblings (including yourself) do you have? I have two siblings. I have one older brother.

nE- mwi na upe va mwi na ___________ nE- kHomE- tH h E- va kHomE- hito nE- p-vja- o ba prE- te

KVakp NTVcq Ka gqLhq ? Waq NTVcq Ka ____ KVakp BdqNVakq JRbq Vi VVakq ? Waq BdqNVakq VcIdp KVakp LVCbWVRa dp Pa LQVakp Ihq ? Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp Waq WVRa LQVakB p gq dp IbpLQVakp LQf Waq LVCbWVRa LQVakN p ip dpIdp BdqHVa KVakp WVRa LQVakB p gq dp PcIhq ? Waq WVRa LQVakB p gq dp Ob BakKhpOap ap BdqNVakq JRbqVi ap Mg dp KRhq LQVakp LQf

B.

va p-vja- o nje prE- va vja- prE-kHu o tprE- prE

I have no sisters. A. Where is your brother living now? My brother lives in Canada.

va p-vja- prE-m oto kHoa nE- vja- prE-kHu o bite va vja- prE-kHu o d kHEneda

B.

He is married. He has two children.

a kHomE- tHh a pHu o nje prE- prE

3.2 Drills Drill 1:

Do you have a/an younger sister?

nE- p- prE-m

o E-

KVakp LVCb LQVakN p ip dp VVakq ?

older sister? younger brother? older brother?

vja- prE-m p- prE-kHu vja- prE-kHu

WVRa LQVakN p ip LVCb LQVakB p gq WVRa LQVakB p gq

Drill 2:

Do you have any siblings? children?

nE- p-vjapHu

o E-

KVakp LVCbWVRa Mg

dp VVakq ?

Drill 3:
I have a younger sister. child. I have five siblings. children.

va p- prE-m pHu

p ip Waq LVCb LQVakN Mg Waq

dp

va p-vja- o a- prE- pHu

LVCbWVRa dp HVaq LQVakp Mg

Drill 4:
I have two siblings. children. I have two siblings. children.

va p-vja- o nje prE- pHu va p-vja- o TE nje pHu

Waq

LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp Mg

Waq

LVCbWVRa dp Uak KRhq Mg

Drill 5:
I dont have any siblings. children.

va p-vjapHu

o to

Waq LVCbWVRa Mg

dp Idp

3.3 Lesson vocabulary

he; she; it

ap

how many

bate / ba clsf. te

PaIhq / Pa clsf. Ihq BdqNVakq LQVakp Uak LVCbWVRa LVCb LQVakN p ip

name child who and; with; that not yet

mwi pHu upe na hito

NTVcq Mg gqLhq Ka VcIdp

married form. clsf. people colloq. clsf. people siblings younger sister

kHomE- prE- TE p-vjap- prE-m

one two five

t nje a-

Ibp KRhq HVaq

younger brother older sister older brother now

p- prE-kHu vja- prE-m vja- prE-kHu kHoa-

LVCb LQVakB p gq WVRa LQVakN p ip WVRa LQVakB p gq BdqHVa

3.4 Additional vocabulary

mother father daughter son wife husband

m- pHE pHu prE-m pHu prE-kHu me vE-

NVCb Makq Mg LQVakN p ip Mg LQVakB p gq Nhq WVakp

family grandmother grandfather aunt uncle mother-in-law father-in-law

hipHjapHu pHje pH- m-du pHEdu prE- prE-m prE- prE-kHu

VcpMRaqMg MRhq MVCbq NVCbOgp MakO q gp LQVak LQVakN p ip LQVak LQVakB p gq

3.5 Additional phrases

How old are you?

1. nE- o ba na h te 2. nE- o h ba na te

1. KVakp dp Pa Kap Vi Ihq ? 2. KVakp dp Vi Pa Ka Ihq ? Waq dp ____ Kap Vi 1. KVakp LVCb AapKRa Nap gqLhq ? 2. ap AapKRa Sb Nap gqLhq ? Waqp AapKRa Sb KVakp WVRa OgpSb Nap gqLhq ? KVakp NVCbMakq dpLap VVakq ? ap dp Laq 1. Waq MgUakp Laq 2. Waq dp LapSaq Laq

I am ___ years old. Who is the youngest (child in your family?)

va o _____ na h 1. nE- p- kanja ma upe 2. a kanja l ma upe

I am the youngest. Who is the oldest child in your family? Are your parents still alive? Yes, they are. Im single.

va kanja l sE- vja- adul ma upe nE- m-pHE opa E- a o pa 1. va pHuTE pa 2. va o pala pa

Yes, I am married. My grandfather has died. My grandmother has not died. My grandmother is still living.

kHomE- tHh va pH- Tje tHh va pHje Tje hito va pHje opa

BdqNVakq JRbqVi Waq MVCbq URhq JRbqVi Waq MRhq URhq VcIdp Waq MRhq dpLaq

Lesson 4: Occupations
4.1 Dialogue
A. B. What do you do (for a living)? I am a (female) teacher. What do you do? A. B. I am a shopkeeper. What does your father do? Is he a shopkeeper? A. No. He is a farmer.

nE- me- tE-pHjetE-me- tite va ma Tjoliho Taram- nE- me- tE-pHjetE-me- tite va ma klEbjadZE nE- pHE me- tE-pHjetE-me- tite a ma klEbjadZE E- ma-to a ma prE- me- elja-

KVakpk NVhp IVakM p RhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ? Waq Nap URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb KVakpk NVhp IVakM p RhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ? Waq Nap ASakPRapXakp KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakM p RhIVakN p Vhp IcqIhq ? ap Nap ASakPRapXakp VVakq ? NVaIdp ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa

4.2 Drills Drill 1:

What do you do?

nE- me- tE-pHje tE-me- tite

KVakpk NVhp IVakM p Rh IVakN p Vhp IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
I am a teacher. (female) teacher. student.

va ma Tjoliho Tara Tjoliho Taram- Tjoliho pHu

Waq Nap URdScpVdq UaQa URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb URdScpVdq-Mg

Drill 3:
What does your father do?

nE-

pHE me- tE-pHje tE-me- tite KVakp Maqk NVCb NVhp IVakM p Rh IVakN p Vhp IcqIhq ?

mother

m-

Drill 4:
My father is a farmer.

va pHE ma prE- me- elja-

Waq Makq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa

shopkeeper.

klEbjadZE

ASakPRapXakp

Drill 5:
What does he she do?

a me- tE- pHje tE-me- tite a

ap NVhp IVakM p RhIVakN p Vhp IcqIhq ? ap

Drill 6:
Is he a farmer? Are you Are they

a ma prE- me- e lja- E- nE- ETi

ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq ? KVakp akU p cq

Drill 7:
Yes (I am; he is). No (Im not; he isnt).

amaama-to

apNVa apNVaIdp

4.3 Lesson vocabulary

what to be; live they

tite ma ETi

IcqIhq Nap akU p cq

shopkeeper farmer

klEbjadZE prE- me- elja-

ASakPRapXakp LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa URdScpVdq UaQa

yes; really

ama-

apNVa

teacher (male) teacher (female) student

Tjoliho Tara Tjoliho Taram- Tjoliho pHu

no; not really

ama-to

apNVaIdp

URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb URdScpVdq-Mg

to work

me- tE-pHje tE-me-

NVhp IVakM p Rh IVakN p Vhp

4.4 Additional vocabulary

doctor

tE-kHu Taradu

IVakB p gp UaQaOgp

we

pE-

LVakp

nurse fisherman headman

tE-kHu Taram- prE- me- etE- poka

IVakB p gp UaQaNVCb LQVakp NVhp hpIVakq LdpAa

you (plural) headman

Ti ddZE-

Ucq OiqXVak

Lesson 5: A visit
5.1 Dialogue
A. B. Hello. Hello. Come up and sit. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. Is this your house? Yes, it is. What are you doing? I am boiling water. What is this? This is a kettle. What do you do with the boiled water? I put it in the thermos for drinking.

tE-rjabE nE- tE-rjabE nE- tHja onja d hi jema nE- hi E- amanE- me- tite va pHo tHjekujema tite jema tHjeku-p- nE- pHo tHjeku- r me- na tite va me- na tHjeku-sHwi le-o

IVakQ p RaPakp KVakp IVakQ p RaPakp KVakp JRap dpKRaq Ob Vcp RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ? apNVa KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ? Waq Mdq JRhqAVg RhqNap IcqIhq ? RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip KVakp Mdq JRhqAVg Qi NVhp Ka IcqIhq ? Waq NVhp Ka JRhqAVgFTc SVhdq

B.

5.2 Drills Drill 1:

What is this? that? that (over there)?

je ma tite n d n

Rhq KRbp Ob KRbp

Nap IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
What is this that that (over there) called?

je ma E na tite n d n

Rhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq ? KRbp Ob KRbp

Drill 3:
This is a kettle.

jema tHjeku-p-

RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip

water thermos. pot stand.

tHjeku-sHwi l-

JRhqAVgFTc SVi URbp

Drill 4:
That is a blanket. sleeping mat. mosquito net.

n ma hikE- le-dE hikE- tH

KRbp Nap VcAVakq SVhOakq VcAVakq Jiq

Drill 5:
Is this your house? Is that

jema nE- hi E- nma

RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ? KRbpNap

Drill 6:
This is my house. This is not my house.

jema va hi jema va hi ma-to

RhqNap Waq Vcp RhqNap Waq Vcp NVaIdp

5.3 Lesson vocabulary

this that house climb up to do; make to be called to sit sentence connector to drink

je n hi tHja me- E onja r o

Rhq KRbp Vcp JRap NVhp ako dpKRaq Qi dq

mosquito net to cook water hot kettle thermos blanket pot stand (on fire) sleeping mat

hikE- tH pHo / ipHo tHje kutHjeku-p- tHjeku-sHwi hikE- l- le-dE

VcAVakq Jiq Mdq / cpMdq JRhq AVg JRhqAVgLVip JRhqAVgFTc VcAVakq SViURbp SVhOakq

5.4 Additional vocabulary

umbrella scissors scissors broom candle oil lamp flashlight keys rope basket with head strap

kHuk- idZi rure idu tarEbo mik midZi sHtHi oplje- kri

BgpAVCb cpXVcp QgqQhq cpOgq IapQakPdq NcpAiq NcpXVcp FiqJcp UdpLSVRhp AQVc

padlock matches radio towel bucket bucket bottle water jar soap

sHnemipHoplEsHiliplwo katHo tHjeto pu / tHjepu k pja- obja tH mwo-

FiqKVh NcpMdqLSVak FcpScpLSTdq AapJdq JRhqId Lg / JRhqLg Aiq LVRaq UdqPRa Je NTVdq

Lesson 6: At the market

6.1 Dialogue
A. B. What do you want to buy? I want to buy fruit. Do you have any bananas? A. Yes, I do. How many do you want? B. Please give me one hand of bananas. How much are the oranges?

nE- TEz ipri tite va TEz- ipri TE diklwiTE o E- a o nE- TEz- ba Tje te kHjaTEdo dje va tTje sHTE jetahe ma bate

KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ? Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp OcqASTcqUakp dp VVakq ? ap dp KVakp UakGVe Pa URhp Ihq? BRaUakOdq ORh Waq IbpURhp

UipFeqUakp RhqIapVhp Nap PaIhq?

A. B.

They are 10 baht per kilo. Ill take 2 kilos.

tkilo a basHje va pHje njekilo

IbpAcSd ap PapFRh Waq MRh KRhqAcSd,

6.2 Drills Drill 1:

What do you want to buy? look for? look at? sell? What do you need?

nE- TEz ipri mjapu-

tite

KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ? NRaLVgq NRaJRhp cpFakq KVakp SdpPakp IcqIhq ?

mjatHje isHE nE- lobE tite

Drill 2:
I want to buy fruit. bananas. oranges. food.

va TEz- ipri TE diklwiTE sHTE sHEe sHEo

Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp OcqASTcqUakp UipFeqUakp Fakh p p Fakd p q

Drill 3:
Do you have any eggs? uncooked rice? cooking oil?

sHje dje h tHa tHje

o E-

FRhq ORhp VCbq Jap JRhq

dp VVakq ?

Drill 4:
I dont have any eggs. I do have I have many

va sHje dje o to o o E

Waq FRhq ORhp dp Idp dp dp ako Sdq

Drill 5:
Please a glass of give me water. a plate of rice. a hand of bananas. an egg.

kHjaTEdo dje va tHje tbe di tbe diklwiTE tTje sHje dje tpl

BRaUakOdq ORh Waq JRhq IbpPhq Ocq IbpPhq OcqASTcqUakp IbpURhp FRhq ORhp IbpLSip

Drill 6:
Five baht. fifty one hundred

a- ba a-sHje t dZwE-

HVaq Pap HVaqFRhq IbpXTVak

Drill 7:
Is this enough? This is enough. not enough.

ap E- prE to

apLip VVakq ? LQak Idp

6.3 Lesson vocabulary

to want to sell to look for to look at to need many please to give to take enough today food

TEzisHE mjapu- mjatHje lobE E lo kHjaTEdo dje pHje ap jete sHEe sHEo

UakGVe cpFakq NRaLVgq NRaJRhp SdpPakp ak Sdq BRaUakOdq ORh MRh apLip RhqIbpHhq Fakh p p Fakd p q

market bananas oranges fruit eggs uncooked rice cooking oil bunch (bananas) clsf. small round things clsf. containers ten fifty one hundred

klE diklwiTE sHTE TE sHje dje h tHa tHje Tje pl be sHje a- sHje tdZwE-

ASak OcqASTcqUakp UipFeqUakp UipUakp FRhq ORhp VCbq Jap JRhq URhp LSip Phq FRh HVaq FRh IbpXTVak

6.4 Additional vocabulary

pineapple coconut tamarind watermelon jackfruit mango three four

makHeTE ma uTE maklaTE djel-TE palja-TE takHjaTE T lwi

NaBhqUakp Na gpUakp NapASaUakp ORhqSVeUakp LapSVRaUakp IapBRaUakp URbq STVcq

five six seven eight nine eleven fifteen twenty

a- sH nwo Tjo da sHje t sHje a- nje sHje

HVaq FRb KTd URd Oap FRh Ibp FRh HVaq KRhq FRh

Lesson 7: Looking for someone

7.1 Dialogue
A. B. Hello. Hello. Im looking for ByaReh. A. Hes gone to the town. He went to buy food.

tE-rjabE nE- tE-rjabE nE- va mjapu- bjarE a dZ d viku a dZ ipri sHEesHEo

IVakQ p RaPakp KVakp IVakQ p RaPakp KVakp Waq NRaLVgq PRaqQakp ap XRb Ob WcqAgq ap XRb cpLQVcp Fakh p pFakpdq

B. A. B. A.

Whom did he go with? I dont know. How long will he be gone? He will be gone all day.

a dZ ro- na upe va TEe to a dZ o e- pa bate a dZ o dZja- te m-he

ap XRb QVd Ka gqLhq ? Waq UakHhq Idp ap XRb dp HVhq Laq PaIhq ? ap XRb dp XVRa IbpHhq NViVh Waq AVapBRhq RhqIapVh LVaq

B.

Ill come back this evening.

va ka-kHje je tahe pa

7.2 Drills Drill 1:

Im looking for visiting speaking with ByaReh.

va mjapu- dZ ole hebE k-na

bjarE

Waq NRaLVgq XRb dpShq

PRaqQakp

VhPakp AVCbqKa

Drill 2:
Hes a dZ ipri- ta-m-titE- gone to buy something. to sell to get

ap XRb cpLQVcp IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp cpFakq KVcPakp

isHE ni-bE

Drill 3:
He will be gone all day.

a dZ o dZjatem-he

ap XRb dp XVRa IbpHhqNViVh IbpASak

all week.

tklE

Drill 4:
Who do you want to see? speak to? visit?

nE- TEz- mjatHje hebE k-na

upe

KVakp UakGVe NRaJRhp gqLhq ? VhPakp AVCbqKa XRb dpShq AVCbqKa

dZ ole k-na

Drill 5 :
Who do you believe? want? need? listen to? hear?

nE- z- e TEzlobE ni-da ni-h

upe

KVakp GVe hp UakGVe SdpPakp

gqLhq ?

upe hebE

KVcOaq KVcVCbq

gqLhq VhPakp

Drill 6:
I believe need I hear listen to Mima (speak). Mima.

va z- e lobE va nih nida

mima

Waq GVe hp SdpPakp

NcNap

mima hebE

Waq KVcVCbq NcNap VhPakp KVcOaq

Drill 7:
I dont know. understand. believe.

va TEe

to

Waq UakHhq

Idp

TEe ta-plu z- e

UakHhq IVaqLSg GVehp

Drill 8:
When will he go? go to the market? eat?

a dZ

bikHEte pa

ap XRb

PcBakI q hq Laq ?

dZ d klE e

XRb Ob ASak hp

Drill 9:
He will go tomorrow.

a dZ

sHjeparo pa pa

ap XRb

FRhLapQdq LVaq

go to the market

dZ d klE

XRb Ob ASak

7.3 Lesson vocabulary

future tense marker go together with long time to get to return to listen to to hear to believe when

pa dZrok-na e- ni-bE ka-kHje nida nih z-e bikEte

LVaq XRbQVd AVCbqKa HVhq KVcPakp AVapBRhq KVcOaq KVcVCbq GVehp PcBakI q hq

tomorrow day week evening night all day something to know to understand

sHjeparo e klE m-he m-kHi te m-he ta-m-titE- TEe TEe ta- plu

FRhLapQdq Hhq ASak NViVh NViBc IbpHhqNViVh IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp UakHhq UakHhq IVaqLSg

7.4 Additional vocabulary

someone somewhere whoever; anyone

tprE-prE- tpHopHo upe bEbE

IbpLQVakL p QVakp IbpMdpMdp gqLhq PakP p akp

wherever; anywhere whatever; anything whenever; anytime

bite bEbE tite bEbE bikHEte bEbE

PcIhq PakP p akp IcqIhq PakP p akp PcBakI q hq PakP p akp

Lesson 8: The weather

8.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. It rained very hard yesterday. Yes, it did. Did you go to the city?

pahenu ke-dZ- du adZ amanE- dZ tHh d vi-ku E-

LaqVhKgp AVhXVep Ogp HapXi apNVa KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq VVakq ? Waq XRb VcIdp JRhqOgp Paq SViq ASRaAgq AVhXVep LVdLaq KVakp IapKVhp VVakq ? Waq IapKVhp Ka AVhXVep Laq SVCbBc HapXi KVakp XRb BRhq PcBakq Laq Ihq ? Waq RaXe XRb BRhq Kdp Laq IbpASak

B.

No, the road was flooded.

va dZ hito tHjedu ba l- kljaku

A. B.

Do you think it is going to rain again? I think it will rain. The clouds are very dark.

ke-dZ- po-pa nE- tane- E- va tane- na ke-dZ- pa l-kHi adZ nE- dZ kHje bikHE pa te

A.

When will you go?

B.

I will try again next week.

va jadZ dZ kHje no pa tklE

8.2 Drills Drill 1:

Its very hot. rainy. cold.

ke-ku- adZ ke-dZ- ke-ro-

AVhAVg HapXi AVhXVep AVhQVd

Drill 2:
Its too hot. windy. dusty.

ke-ku- sl ke-laTE tapro

AVhAVg FeSeq AVhSaqUak IapLQd

Drill 3:
When did it rain? you come? they go?

ke-dZ- bikHEte sE- hja ETi dZ

AVhXVep PcBakI q hq ? KVakp VRaq akU p cq XRb

Drill 4:
It rained this morning. yesterday. last night. last week. last month. last year.

ke-dZ- je tro pahenu pahenu m-kHi d are- tklE d are- tlE d nahenu

AVhXVep RhqIbpQdq LaqVhKgp LapVhKgp NViBc Ob apQVh IbpASak Ob apQVh IbpSakq Ob KapVhKgp

Drill 5 :
I went ate heard already.

va dZ e nih

tHh

Waq XRb hp

JRbqVi

KVcVCbq

Drill 6:
I went to the city (already).

va dZ tHh d viku

Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq Ob Oiq Ob NVcpASakq

to the village to the forest, jungle

d d d miklE

8.3 Lesson vocabulary

weather rain big; much very too much have been; already finished flood all road full before; previous to try

sHjeklo ke-dZ- du adZ sHl tHh tHjedu lkljaku ba d arejadZ

FRhpASdq AVhXVep Ogp HapXi FeSeq JRbqVi JRhqOgp SVi ASRaAgq Paq Ob apQVh RaXe

hot cold
mud wind morning yesterday year night month dusty/dirty to come cloud

ke-kuke-ropaa ke-laTE tro pahenu na m-kHi lE tapro hja l-

AVhAVg AVhQVd Lapa p AVhSaqUak IbpQdq LaqVhKgp Kap NViBc Sakq IapLQd VRaq SVCb

8.4 Additional vocabulary

noon sunrise early morning sunset warm rainbow

m-tH- m-tHja m-li m-ta- alE- tHjelam-sHa

NViJVCbp NViJRap NViScq NViIVaq apSVakp JRhqSapNViFa

star sun moon lightning thunder

sHE tamlE sHjelib mkr-

Fakp IapNVi Sakq FRhpSVcqPi NiAQViq

Lesson 9: Cooking food

9.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B What are you cooking? I am making curry. What kind of curry are you making? Chicken curry. What do you eat with curry? The curry is eaten with rice. Is is ready to eat? The curry isnt finished yet.

nE- pHoe tite va pHoe iTwi nE- pHoe iTwi tite iTwi sHjezje nE- e iTwi na tite va e iTwi na di asHkHE toe h E- iTwi wo hito

KVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq Waq Mdqhp cpUTc KVakp Mdqhp cpUTc IcqIhq cpUTc FRhpGRhp KVakp hp cpUTc Ka IcqIhq Wap hp cpUTc Ka Ocq apFRbBakq Idqhp Vi VVakq cpUTc Tdq VcIdq

9.2 Drills Drill 1:

What are you cooking? frying? making? eating?

nE- pHoe tite iNume- e

KVakp Mdqhp cpDVg NVhp hp

IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
I am eating am making am throwing away chicken curry.

va e

iTwi sHjezje

Waq hp

cpUTc FRhpGRhp

pHwo e vikja

MTdq hp WcqARaq

Drill 3:
I ate rice with fish curry. chicken curry. pork curry.

va e di na iTwi tE- iTwi sHjezje iTwi tHjazje

Waq hp Ocq Ka cpUTc IVakq cpUTc FRhpGRhp cpUTc JRaGRhp

Drill 4:
I ate rice (ate a meal) with my friend. his family.

va e di na va kHobTjo a hipHjapHu

Waq hp Ocq Ka Waq BdqPiURd ap VcpMRaqMg

Drill 5:
Do you like (to this curry? eat) Karenni food?

nE- TE e iTwije

E-

KVakp Uak hp cpUTcRhq

VVakq ?

kajalipHu sHEe

AapRaqSVcp-Mg Fakh p p

Drill 6:
Are you thirsty? hungry?

nE- TEotHje TEedi

E-

KVakp UakdJ q Rhq UakhO p cq

VVakq ?

Drill 7:
Yes, I do/am. No, I dont/ am not.

amaama-to

apNVa apNVaIdp

Drill 8:
I havent eaten made thrown away the curry (yet).

va e

sHi iTwi to

Waq hp Mdq hp WcqARaq

Fc cpUTc Idp

pHo e vikja

Drill 9:
I havent finished eating. cooking (rice).

va e

tH di hito

Waq Wa hp Mdq hp

JRbq Ocq VcIdp

pHo edi

Drill 10:
This curry is delicious. sweet. sour. salty. bitter. spicy. bland.

iTwi je Toro sHvi sHje sHhE kHE a hja a hjato

cpUTc Rhq

UdqQdq FeqWcp FRhp FeqVakq Bakp ap VRa ap VRaIdp

9.3 Lesson vocabulary

to cook time must; should cooked to fry to throw away to want to like (to eat) not yet (colloq.)

pHo e sHkHE to wo iNuvikja TE TE e sHi to

Mdq hp FRbBakq Idq Tdq cpDVg WcqARaq Uak Uak hp Fc Idp

curry (vegetable dish) chicken fish pork cooked rice friend thirsty hungry

iTwi sHje zje tE- tHja zje di kHobTjo TE otHje TE edi

cpUTc FRhq GRhp IVakq JRa GRhp Ocq BdqPiURd Uak dqJRhq Uak hpOcq

9.4 Additional vocabulary

frying pan pot bread noodles beef

p-tja- p- kHmu dit pu- zje

LVipIVRap LVip BiNgq OcqIb LVg GRhp

plate spoon cup knife glass

dibe didZobedu ditHo tHjebe

OcqPhq OcqXVd PhqOgp OcpJd JRhqPhq UipXRaq

dZja

Lesson 10: Sickness

10.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. I dont feel well. What is your problem? I have a fever. I think I have malaria. B. Have you been to the clinic? Not yet. I think I will go there now. B. A. Can I take you? Yes. I need your help.

a mo-rja va ne-to a me-krja nE- pHute va tE-ku- o va tane- na sHwitanja-o nE- dZ tHh d tEsHwihi E- va dZ hito va tane- na va to dZ kHoava dZTu nE- ani E- amava lobE nE- tE-me-dZjo-

ap NVdpQRa Waq KVhIdp ap NVhpAQRa KVakp MgIhq ? Waq IVakA p Vg dp Waq IapKVhp Ka FTcIapKVRaq dp KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakF p TcVcp VVakq ? Waq XRb VcIdp Waq IapKVhp Ka Waq Idq XRb BdqHVa Waq XRbUgq KVakp apKVc VVakq apNVa Waq SdpPakp KVakp IVakN p VhpXVRd

A.

10.2 Drills Drill 1:

I think I have a fever. a cold. malaria.

va ta t ne- na tE-kutakH

Waq IapKVhp Ka IVakA p Vg IapBe

dp

sHwitanja-

FTcIapKVRaq

Drill 2:
My stomach throat eyes is sore/infected.

sHE- va h kja-kro mETEpl

Fakq Waq Vi AVRaqAQdp NakU p akL p Sip

Drill 3:
I have been to the doctor.

va dZ tHh d tE-kHu Tara o Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakB p gp UaQa dp

to the clinic.

va dZ tHh d tE-sHwihi Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakF p TcVcp

Drill 4:
I have been to the doctor.

va dZ tHh d

tE-kHu Tara o

Waq XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakB p gp UaQa dp

I have not been to the doctor.

va dZ sHi d

tE-kHu Tara o to Waq XRb Fc Ob IVakB p gp UaQa dp Idp

Drill 5:
Can I help? help you? go with you? follow you?

va me-dZjome-dZjo- nE-

ani- E-

Waq NVhpXVRd NVhpXVRd KVakp

apKVc VVakq ?

dZ k-na nE- krwo- k-na nE-

XRb AVCbqKa KVakp AQTVdq AVCbqKa KVakp

Drill 6:
Yes (I can). No ( I cant).

ani anito

apKVc apKVcIdp

Drill 7:
Im sick. sad. happy. good, well. angry. tired.

va sHwi TEplE- TEkr- omo- TEpldu TEpra

Waq FTc UpaL k SVakq UakAQVeq dpNVdp UakLSipOgp UakLQa

Drill 8
I have both a fever and headache.

va tE-ku- o tH sHE kHukl Waq IVakA p Vg dp JRbq Fakq BgpASi

I have neither a fever nor a headache. va tE-ku- o pato kHukl sHE pato to

Waq IVakA p Vg dp LaqIdp BgpASi Fakq LaqIdp Idp

I have either a fever or headache.

va tE-ku- o r kHukl sHE k- dja Waq IVakA p Vg dp Qi BgpASi Fakq AVCbq ORap

10.3 Lesson vocabulary

fever to think to send; take nominalizer to help to feel sick how to be able; can to follow

tE-kutane- Tu tE- me-dZjosHwi pHute ani krwo-

IVakA p Vg IapKVhp Ugq IVakp NVhpXVRd FTc MgIhq apKVc AQTVdq

malaria disease; sickness sore; infected throat eyes clinic; hospital a cold stomach (abdomen)

sHwitanja- tE-sHwi sHE kja-kro mETEpl tE-sHwihi takH h

FTcIapKVRaq IVakF p Tc Fakq AVRaqAQdp NakU p akL p Sip IVakF p TcVcp IapBe Vi

10.4 Additional vocabulary

body tuberculosis flu diarrhea to vomit to sneeze to cough

netHibi TE sHEhlo- prja kasHja takH kHul- tHakHukl

KVh JcpPcp Uak i FakV q iSVdp LQRa AapFRa IapBe BgpSVCbp JapBgpASi

stomach head

pH- kHukl kHapH- kja-bo takja- takHu kHjakje kHjad-pl kHau

MVCbq BgpASi BaqMVCbq AVRaqPdq IapAVRaq IapBgp BRapARhp BRapOVCbpLSip Baqgp

nose neck arm hand leg (upper) leg (lower) mouth

hair dizziness

Lesson 11: Weaving

11.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. B. What are you doing? I am weaving cloth. How long have you been weaving cloth? I have been weaving since I was young. Who taught you to weave? My mother. Do you weave often? I weave every day. Then I sell the cloth.

nE- me- tite va btHE nE- btHE e-lah E- va dZatHja b d va padZE- pa n upe heTjo b nE- E- va m- nE- b tamo tHE E- va b pwo- e tHr va isHE bEu n prE

KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ? Waq PiJak KVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi VVakq ? Waq XaJRap Pi Ob Waq L apXVak Laq KRbp gqLhq VhURd Pi KVakp VVakq ? Waq NVCb KVakp Pi IapNdq Jak VVak? q Waq Pi LTVdq Hhq JRbqQi Waq cpFakq Pakg p q KRbp LQak

A. B. A. B.

11.2 Drills Drill 1:

How long have you been weaving? sewing (clothing)?

nE- btHE

e-lah E-

KVakp PiJak

HVhqSaqVi VVakq ?

isHE hjedZa-

cpFak VRhpXVap

Drill 2:
I have been weaving two months. two weeks. two years. two days. two hours.

va btHE o h nje lE nje klE nje na nje e nje m

Waq PiJak dp Vi KRhq Sakq KRhq ASak KRhq Kap KRhq Hhq KRhq Neq

Drill 3:
Do you weave often?

nE- b tamo tHE E- isHE tamo bEu E- me- tamo nE- bEu al a E-

KVakp Pi IapNdq d Jak VVakq ? cpFakq IapNdq q q VVakq ? d Pakg NVhp IapNdq q q apS d KVakp Pakg ap VVakq ?

sell your cloth dye the cloth

Drill 4:
I weave every day. week.

va btHE pwo- e pwo- klE

Waq PiJak LTVd Hhq LTVd ASak

Drill 5:
I weave, then I rest. eat walk

va btHE tHr va ok- edi dZklja

Waq PiJak JRbqQi Waq dpAVCb hpOcq XRbASRa

Drill 6:
I weave often. I never weave. I seldom weave.

va b tamo tHE va btHE tpH-to va btHE e-tpH-

Waq Pi IapNdq Jak Waq PiJak IbpMVCbIdp Waq PiJak HVhIbpMVCb

Drill 7:
She weaves slowly. quickly.

a b z la prja la

tHE

ap Pi Giq Saq LQRaq Saq

Jak

11.3 Lesson vocabulary

to weave long time already to start childhood; youth to teach often every then; after never seldom

b / btHE e-lah dZatHja padZjE heTjo tamo pwo- tHr tpH-to e-tpH-

Pi / PiJak HVhqSaqVi XaJRap LapXRak VhURd IapNdq LTVdq JRbqQi IbpMVCbIdp HVhIbpMVCb

to sew to dye cloth hour to walk to rest slow quick; fast very; quite

isHE me- ala bEu m dZklja ok- z prja la

cpFak NVhp apSap Pakg p q Neq XRbASRa dpAVCb Giq LQRaq Saq

11.4 Additional vocabulary

large loom loom needle safety pin pin

tHEkr- tHEkr- tHE tHEkatHEki

JakAQVep JakAQViq Jak JakAVa JakAVcq

shoulder bag everyone everywhere clothing

pje- pwo-tprE- pwo-tpHo hjedZa-

LVRhq LTVdqIbpLQVakp LTVdqIbpMdp VRhpXVap

Lesson 12: Clothing

12.1 Dialogue
A. Id like to see that shirt.

va TEz- mja dZa- d n tp-

Waq UakGVe NRa XVap Ob KRbp IbpLVep PcIhq IbpLVep Ihq ? Ob ap SVcp KRbp IbpLVep PakI p apPakp apLapIc FcSeq ap Pgq RhqIbpLVep apOgp Sb KVakp IapKVhp Ka apOgp Idq FaSVh VVakq ? RhqNap apOgpSb LQak Vi XVap Pgq KRbp apDVgp PaIhq ? XVap Pgq Rhq apDVgp OgpSb Ka apSVcp KRbp

B. A.

Which one? That red one there. Maybe its too small

bite tp- te d a li n tp- bEtabE apati sHil a bu jetp- adu l nE- tane- na adu to sHale- E- jema adul l-pli dZa- bu n aNu- bate dZa-bu je aNu- dul na ali n

B. A.

This white shirt is bigger. Do you think it is big enough? It is the biggest shirt we have. How much is the white shirt? The white shirt is more expensive than the red one.

B. A. B.

12.2 Drills Drill 1:

What colour is this?

jema ala tite

RhqNap apSap IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:
That shirt is white. red.

dZa- n a bu li

XVap KRbp ap Pgq SVcp

Drill 3:
These clothes are clean. dirty. wet. dry.

hjedZa- jetahe amwo-pli atapro adZo akra

VRhpXVap RhIapVhp apNTVdqLScq apIapLQd apXdp apAQaq

Drill 4:
That shirt is large. attractive. expensive. small.

dZa- n adu atwoaNu-du apati

XVap KRbp apOgp apITVd apDVgpOgp apLapIc

Drill 5:
This shirt is the largest. smallest.

dZa- je ma adu

XVapRhq Nap apOgp apLapIc

Sb

apati

Drill 6:
This sarong is very ugly. good. inexpensive.

hje je amumja adZ arja aNu-k

VRhp Rhq apNgNRa HapXi apQRa apDVgpAip

Drill 7:
This shirt is larger than that one.

dZa- je adu l kl na n t p- XVapRhq apOgp Sb ASiq Ka KRbp IbpLVep

This shirt is not as large as that one.

dZa- je adu kr- na nt p- to XVapRhq apOgp AQVep Ka KRbp IbpLVep Idp Id

Drill 8:
This shirt is large. This shirt is rather large. This shirt is very large. This shirt is the largest. This shirt is too large. This shirt is not large.

dZa- je adu dZa- je adu sHaledZa- je adu adZ dZa- je adu l dZa- je adu sHil dZa- je adu to

XVap Rhq apOgp XVap Rhq apOgp FaSVh XVap Rhq apOgp HapXi XVap Rhq apOgp Sb XVap Rhq apOgp FcSeq XVap Rhq apOgp Idp

This shirt is not at all large.

dZa- je adu takito

XVap Rhq apOgp IapAcIdp

12.3 Lesson vocabulary

shirt

dZa- li bu p- l sHaleala jetahe aNu- bEtabE kr-

XVap SVcp Pgq LVep Sb FaSVh apSap RhIapVh apDVgp PakI p apPakp AQVep

inexpensive expensive good dry wet dirty clean attractive ugly small large

aNu-k aNu-du arja akra adZo atapro amwo-pli atwoamumja apati adu

apDVgpAip apDVgpOgp apQRa apAQaq apXdp apIapLQd apNTVdqLScq apITVd apNgNRa apLapIc apOgp

red
white clsf. clothing most, best rather colour these price maybe equal with

12.4 Additional vocabulary

brown green/blue purple orange pink

T Tr- bja bjali

i URbq URbqiQVCb iPRaq PRaqSVcp

pants mans sarong womens sarong skirt shoes

hjekHja hjetava- hjeprE-m hjetava- t- kHjadja tap lo

VRhpBRap VRhpIapWVap VRhp LQVakN p ip VRhpIapWVap IVeq BRapORa IapLSd

grey yellow black

tapHE bja l-

IapMakp PRaq SVip

hat to wear (on top) to wear (lower garments)

kHuklwo- Tja k

BgpASTVdq URa Aeq

Lesson 13: Tending animals

13.1 Dialogue
A. B. Where are you going? I am going to feed the pigs.

nE- dZ bite va dZ b- e tHja sHE

KVakp XRb PcIhq ? Waq XRb PVCbp hp JRa Fakp KVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ? Waq JRa dp STVcq OVCbq ap dp Ob ap LVdp Agq KRbp KVakp IVakM p gIVakS p VRhp dp AQRa IcqIhq ? Waq FRhq Ka IapUa dp AVCbq Laq AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq Ka IapUa dp Ob Vcp SVakq

A. B.

How many pigs do you have? I have four pigs. They are in that pen.

nE- tHja o ba d- te va tHja o lwi d- a o d a po- ku n nE tE-pHu tE-lje- o krja tite va sHje na taa ok- pa

A.

What other animals do you have? I also have chickens and ducks.

B.

It is hot, so they are under the house.

ke-ku- adZ pHunr sHje na taa o d hi lE-

13.2 Drills Drill 1:

How many pigs do you have? cows

nE- tHja o ba d- te pu-

KVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ? LVg

Drill 2:
How many chickens do you have? ducks

nE- sHje o ba bE te taa

KVakp FRhq dp Pa Pakp Ihq ? IapUa

Drill 3:
How many houses do you have? books

nE- hi o ba me te liu o ba u te

KVakp Vcp dp Pa Nhq Ihq ? Scpgp dp Pa g Ihq

children

pHu o ba prE- te

Mg dp Pa LQVakp Ihq

Drill 4:
I have four chickens. pigs. houses. children.

va sHje o lwi bE tHja o lwi d- yi o lwi me pHu o lwi prE-

Waq

FRhq dp STVcq Pakp JRa dp STVcq OVCbq Vcp dp STVcq Nhq Mg dp STVcq LQVakp

Drill 5:
The chicken is in the house. under on in front of behind beside

sHje o d hi ku lE- kHu e kHje kHasHje

FRhq dp Ob Vcp Agq SVakq Bgp Hhq BRhq BaqFRh

Drill 6:
The pigs are in the pen. in the field. over there. here.

tHja o d a po- ku lja- kHu n tkje bije

JRa dp Ob ap LVdp Agq SVRa Bgp KRbp IbpARhq PcRhq

Drill 7:
Three cows are in the field. on the road. over there.

pu- T d-

o d lja- kHu kljadu ku n

LVg URbq OVCbq dp Ob SVRa Bgp ASRaOgp Agq KRbp

Drill 8:
It is hot, and so the chickens are under the house.

ke-ku- adZ pHunr sHje o d hi lE- AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq dp Ob Vcp SVakq

the pigs drink lots of water.

ke-ku- adZ pHunr tHja otHja l- E la AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi JRa dpJRhq SViq ako Saq

13.3 Lesson vocabulary

pig duck

tHja taa sHE krja tite ku lE- e

JRa IapUa Fakp AQRa IcqIhq Agq SVakq Hhq

clsf - animals with 4 legs clsf - birds clsf - houses clsf - books clsf - people to feed (animals) animals

d- bE me u prE- b-e tE-pHu tE-lje-

OVCbq Pakp Nhq g LQVakp PVCbphp IVakM p gIVakS p VRhp JRa LVdp SVRa LVg FRhq

food which in
under in front of

behind beside on therefore; and so

kHje kHasHje kHu pHunr

BRhq BaqFRh Bgp MgKRbpQi

pigpen field cow chicken

tHja po- ljapusHje

13.4 Additional vocabulary

hen rooster chick cat

sHjem- sHjepHE sHjepHu tHjo

FRhqNVCb FRhqMakq FRhqMg JRd

water buffalo horse dog goat

panEtaTi tHwi pe-

LapKVak IapUc JTcp LVh

Lesson 14: Planting a garden

14.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. B. A. What are you planting? I am planting beans. Is this your garden? Yes, its mine. When will you pick the beans?

nE- il- tite va il- kbi je ma nE- tarE- E- ama- ma va tE ne- iba kbi bikHE pa te

KVakp cpSVCb IcqIhq ? Waq cpSVCb AiPcq Rhq Nap KVakp IapQVak VVakq ? apNVa Nap Waq Iakq KVakp cpPap AiPcq PcBakq Laq Ihq ? Acp AVhXVep QRa Nap KRhq Sakq apAgq Pap hp KVc Vi KVakp hp Laq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq Laq VVakq ? LVakp hp IapVhp LVakp cpFakq akSb Laq

B.

If the rains are good, they will be ready in two months. Will you eat them or sell them?

ki ke-dZ- rja ma nje lE aku ba e ni h nE- e pa E- ki ma-to ma nE- isHE pa E-

A.

B.

Some we will eat. Most we will sell.

pE- e tahe pE- isHE El pa

14.2 Drills Drill 1:

I am planting vegetables. corn. onions.

va il- Twi dbjalE kHukHeTE puholi

Waq cpSVCb UTc OiqPRaqSakp BgpBhUakp LgqVdSVcp

Drill 2:
Is this yours? mine? theirs? Is that his/hers? ours?

jema nE- va ETi nma a pE-

tE E-

RhqNap KVakp Iakq VVakq ? Waq akU p cq KRbpNap ap LVakp Iakq VVakq ?

tE E-

Drill 3:
This is mine. yours. his/hers. theirs.

jema va nE- a ETi

tE

RhqNap a Waq KVakp ap akU p cq

Iakq

Drill 4:
Its not mine. yours. his/hers.

va tE ma-to nE- a

Waq Iakq NVaIdp KVakp ap

Drill 5:
If the rain stops, I will go. ki ke-dZ- ok- r va dZ papa-

Acp Ac AVhXVep dpAVCb Qi Waq XRb LVaq

If my friend goes

va kHobTjo ki dZ r va va dZ papa- Waq BdqPiURd Acp Ac XRb Qi Waq XRb LVaq

If I have money

va r ki o r va dZ papa- Waq Qeq Acp dp Qi Waq XRb Laq

Drill 6:
Will you eat them or sell them? nE- e pa- E- ki ma-to ma nE- isHE pa- E-

KVakp hp LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq LVaq VVakq ?
Will you plant corn or beans?

nE- il- kHukHe E- ki ma-to ma kbi E- KVakp cpSVCb BgpBh VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap AiPcq VVakq ?

Will you take yours or mine?

nE- pHje nE- tE pa- E- ki ma-to ma va tE E- KVakp MRh KVakp Iakq LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap Waq Iakq VVakq ?

Drill 7:
Will you plant today or not?

nE- il- jete pa- E- ma to E- KVakp cpSVCb RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

Will you sell your vegetables

nE- isHE nE- iTwi dbjalE pa- E- ma to E- KVakp cpFakq KVakp cpUTc OiqPRaqSakp LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

Will you harvest today

nE- iba jete pa- E- ma to E- KVakp cpPap RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

14.3 Lesson vocabulary

to plant seeds to pick (harvest) vegetables if to stop; rest some more; most

il- iba ki ok- tahe El

cpSVCb cpPap Acp dpAVCb IapVhp akSb

vegetables beans corn onions money garden

Twi dbjalE kbi kHukHeTE puholi r tarE-

UTc OiqPRaqSakp AipPcq BgpBhUakp LgqVdSVcp Qeq IapQVak

14.4 Additional vocabulary

to plant seedlings cucumber bamboo shoots mushrooms tomato cabbage pumpkin hot peppers

isH ipl djeTE ibja kr- kja-sHjeTE taplEbo l-heTE TEhja

cpFi cpLSeq ORhqUakp cpPRap AQVep AVRaFRhpUakp IapLSakP p dp SVeVhqUakp UakV p Ra

garlic eggplant shovel plough field rake sickle hoe spade

puhobu kja-TE tane le-k- tHa ikHwi tadZe tane tap-

LgqVdPgq AVRaUakp IapKhp SVhAV Cbp Ja cpBTc IapXhq IapKhp IapLVeq

sweet potatoes

krsH

AQRbpFeq

Lesson 15: Fishing

15.1 Dialogue
A. I hear that you are going fishing. Yes. Do you want to come? A. B. When will you go? Next Monday. Do you have a pole? A. No. I dont. B. I doesnt matter. You can use mine. I will use my fathers instead.

va ni-h na nE- dZ bietE- amanE- TEz- hjak- E- nE- dZ bikHE pa- te sHje ano pa- tklE mte nE- bisHe o E- to va tE o to ale- heoto nE- ne va tE ani va ne d va pHE tE pa-

Waq KVcVCbq Ka KVakp XRb PchpIVakq apNVa KVakp UakGVe VRaqAVCbq VVakq ? KVakp XRb PcBakq LVaq Ihq ? FRh apKdp LVaq IbpASak NViIbpHhq KVakp PcFhq dp VVakq ? Idp Waq Iakq dp Idp apSVh VhdpIdp KVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVc Waq Kiqhp Oep Waq Makq Iakq LVaq

B.

15.2 Drills Drill 1:

When will it happen?

a tHwo-tHja bikHEte

ap JTVdqJRap PcBakI q hq ?

Drill 2:
It will happen tomorrow. next week. next month. next year. next Monday.

a tHwo-tHja sHjeparo sHje ano tklE sHje ano tlE sHje ano tna sHje ano m-te

ap JTVdqJRap

FRhLapQdq

FRh apKdp IbpASak FRh apKdp IbpSakq FRh apKdp IbpKap FRh apKdp NViIbpHhq

Drill 3:
We will go fishing this (early) afternoon. this (late) afternoon. tonight. this evening. tomorrow. tomorrow morning.

pE dZ bietE- m-kwi m-he je tTE m-kHi sHje paro paro m-li papa-

LVakp XRb PchpIVakq NViATVc NViVh RhqIbpUakq NViBc FRh LapQdq

LVaq

LapQdq NViScq

Drill 4:
We will leave at 4:00 p.m. at 7:00 p.m. at 10:30 a.m.

pE- dZ bi lwi m nwo m sHje m taklame

papa- LVakp XRb Pc STVcp Neq KTd Neq FRh Neq IapASaqNhq

LVaq

Drill 5:
I think that you are going fishing. I hear that I know that

va tane- na nE- dZ bi etE- va nih na va TEe na

Waq IapKVhp Ka KVakp XRb Pc hpIVakq Waq KVcVCbq Ka Waq UakHhq Ka

Drill 6:
We think about going fishing. talk hear

pE- tane- bEkjana bietE- hebE nih

LVakp IapKVhp PapA k RaKa PchpIVakq VhPak KVcVCbq

Drill 7:
You can use mine. see have

nE- ne mja pHje

va tE ani

KVakp Kiqhp NRa MRh

Waq Iakq apKVc

15.3 Lesson vocabulary

to come along next; later; in the future never mind; no problem to use alone; self to happen; occur; become about; concerning

hjak- sHje ano ale-heoto ne d tHwo-tHja bEkjana

VRaqAVCbq FRh apKdp apSVhVhdpIdp Kiqhp Oep JTVdqJRap PapA k RaKa

to fish (with a pole) fishing pole Monday (early) afternoon (late) afternoon tonight half

bietE- bisHe m-te m-kwi m-he jetTE taklame

PchpIVakq PcFhq NViIbpHhq NViATVc NViVh RhqIbpUakq IapASaqNhq

15.4 Additional vocabulary

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday a fish

m-njee m-Te m-lwie m-a-e m-kat- m-ed- tE-

NViKRhqHhq NViURbqHhq NViSTVcqHhq NViHVaqHhq NViAapIVip NViHhqOVCbp IVakq

fish hook catfish eel crab shrimp fishnet fishnet

ibi tE-ku tE-rusHwo sHwokotavi atapre

cpPc IVakA q gp IVakQ q Vg FTdp FTdpAVd IapWVcq UapIapLQhq

Lesson 16: Hunting

16.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. Where are you going? Im going hunting. What do you use to hunt?

nE- dZ

bite

KVakp XRb PcIhq ? Waq XRb SVep IVakN p Vcp KVakp XRb SVep IVakN p Vcp Ka IcqIhq ? Waq Kiqhp MRaXVi Idp Nap Ka FcHVap RhqIbpHhq Waq XRb KVc FcHVap, NVhIhqVhQi Waq Bakhp Ka IapBRhq LVaq

va dZ l- tE-mi nE- dZ l- tE-mi na tite

B.

I use a slingshot or a gun.

va ne pHjadZ- to m a na sHia-

Today I have my gun because I am hunting for deer.

jete va dZ ni sHia- me-teher va kHE e na takHje pa-

A. B.

Do you ever use a trap? Yes. In the hot season a trap catches many small animals.

nE- ne n tadZja E- amabi ke-ku-kHE sHjae tadZja r a nirja adZ z-tHupHu

KVakp Kiqhp Ki IapXRaq VVakq ? apNVa Pc AVhAVgBakq FRahp IapXRaq Qi ap KVcQRa HapXi GVCbJgpMg

16.2 Drills Drill 1:

He will not go hunting because it is raining.

a dZ l- tE-mi to me-teher ke-dZ- ap XRb SVep IVakN p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi AVhXVep

he is not well. a dZ l- tE-mi to me-teher o mo- to

ap XRb SVep IVakN p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi dp NVdp Idp

he is busy.

a dZ l- tE-mi to me-teher a tE-me- o E ap XRb SVep IVakN p Vcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap IVakN p Vhp dp ako

Drill 2:
Do you ever use a gun?

nE- ne n sHia- E- KVakp Kiqhp Ki FcHVap VVakq ?

hunt (go in the jungle) alone? nE- dZle td n d miklE E-

KVakp XRbShq IeOep Ki Ob NVcpASakq VVakq ? Drill 3:

Have you ever seen a wild elephant? nE- mjatHje n tasHami E-

KVakp NRaJRhp Ki IapFRaqNVcp VVak VVaq ?

killed a tiger?

nE- me-Tje n pH-kHi E- KVakp NVhpURhq Ki MVCbqBcq VVakq ?

eaten bears meat?

nE- e n tHezje E- KVakp hp Ki JhqGRhp VVak VVaq ?

Drill 4:
I have never seen a tiger.

va mjatHje n pH-kHi tapH- to Waq NRaJVhp Ki MVCbqBcq IapMVCb Idp

used a gun.

va ne n sHia- tapH- to Waq Kiqhp Ki FcHVap IapMVCb Idp

16.3 Lesson vocabulary

to hunt to be busy to get; bring because hot season to shoot meat to kill to catch alone

l- - tE- mi tE-me- o E ni me-teher ke-ku-kHE kHE ze- me-Tje nirja td

SVep IVakN p Vcp IVakN p Vhp dp ako KVc NVhpIhqVhQi AVhAVgBakq Bak GVhp NVhpURhq KVcQRa IeOep

slingshot gun small animals (birds, rodents) noose trap to trap elephant wild elephant tiger yellow deer bear

pHjadZsHia- z-tHupHu tadZja sHa-e tasHja tasHja mi pH-kHi takHje tHe

MRaXVi FcHVap GVCbJgpMg IapXRaq FVahp IapFRaq IapFRaq NVcp MVCbqBcq IapBRhq Jhq

ever

Ki

16.4 Additional vocabulary

longbow arrow deer (large, with antlers) wild pig mouse mousedeer elephant monkey squirrel

klje kljeplEkr tHjami z- z-kro tasHja z- z-lje

ASRhp ASRhpLSVak AQi JRaNVcp GVCb GVCbAQd IapFRaq GViq GVCbSRhp

frog rabbit snake bat bird pheasant snipe fowl

di daTE ruplE tHu tHu ratHu pr sHje mi

Ocp OaqUakp QVg LSak Jgp Jgp QVa Jgp LQep FRhq NVcp

Lesson 17: Building a house

17.1 Dialogue
A. B. What is happening over there? They are building a new house. The men of the village work together to build new houses.

d n ma a me- tite ETi sHtHja hiTE prE-kHu du d z ku tahe sHtHja sHlu hiTE

Ob KRbp Nap ap NVhp IcqIhq ? akU p cq FiJRap VcpUakq LQVakB p gq Ogp Ob Oiq Agq IapVhp FiJRap Fep Sgq VcpUakq NVhp Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq ? apHVhq Ka Idp URbq Hhq Nap apJRbq LQak Vcp Rhq IbpNhq Nap gq Iakq Lhq ? LQVakp AbQVc BdqNVakq IapVhp apHhq Waq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq ?

A.

How long does it take to build a new house? Not long. About three days.

me- hi tme ma a bate ae- na to

e-

B.

T e ma atH prE hi je tme ma u tE pe

A.

Whose house is this?

B.

It is for a couple who will marry soon. Can I help? Do you know how to put thatch on a roof? No. Maybe it is better for you to watch for now.

prE- kri kHomE- tahe ae va me-dZjo- ani E-

A B.

q Rap nE- TEe tE-tHja tahje KVakp UakHhq IVakJ IapVRhq Ob VcpBgp MgI d hikHu pHute E- hq VVakq ? to Idp

A. B.

kHoa- nE- op-mja ma a BdqHVa KVakp dpLViNRa Nap apQRaSb rjal prE kole LQak AdqShp

17.2 Drills Drill 1:

How long does it take to build a house? sHtHja hi tme ma a e- bate

FiJRap Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq

put on a roof? tE-tHja hikHu ma a e- bate

IVakJ q Rap VcpBgp Nap ap HVhq PaIhq

Drill 2:
About four days. 100 baht. Exactly four days. 100 baht. Over four days. 100 baht. Almost four days. 100 baht.

lwi e kole tdZwE- ba lwi e t pl tdZwE- ba lwi e l tdZwE- ba pH lwi e tdZwE- ba

STVcq Hhq AdqSh IbpXTVak Pap STVcq Hhq Ibp LSe IbpXTVak Pap STVcq Hhq Sb IbpXTVak Pap Mep STVcq Hhq IbpXTVak Pap

Drill 3:
They will soon. marry He will build the house I will visit

ETi kri kHomE pa- a kri sHtHja hi pa- va kri dZ ole pa-

akU p cq AbQVc BdqNakq LVaq ap AbQVc FiJRap Vcp LVaq Waq AbQVc XRb dpShq LVaq

Drill 4:
I will finish later. He will help us They will visit

va me-tH nopapa- a me-dZjo- pE- ETi dZ ole

Waq NVhpJRbq KdpLVaq ap NVhpXVRd LVakp akU p cq XRb dpShq

Drill 5:
This house is for them. for you. for us.

hi je ETi e sE- pE-

Vcp Rhq

akUcq Hhq KVakp LVakp

17.3 Lesson vocabulary

to build new man clsf. house - one house to watch; observe about; maybe exactly almost; close; near over (more than)

sHtHja TE ; aTE prE-kHu tme op-mja kole tapl pH l

FiJRap Uakq ; apUakq LQVakB p gq IbpNhq dpLViNRa AdqShp IapLSe Mep Sb

roof thatch to thatch a roof to finish it is better soon later for

hikHu tahje tE-tHja tH arjal kri nopa- e

VcpBgp IapVRhq IVakJ q Rap JRbq apQRaSb AbQVc KdpLVaq Hhq

17.4 Additional vocabulary

door window stairs bamboo floor leaf thatch

kadam- kadapHu kaboTu two-kHu lE

AapOaqNVCb AapOaqMg AapPdqUgq ITVdpBgp Sakp

hand saw nail hammer large knife hand plane drill

lwa pati lipana ip- hiddu le-tHTje tHEpariku

STa LapIc SVcpLapKap cpLVip VcOepOgp SVhJeURhp JakLapQVcq-Agq

Lesson 18: School

18.1 Dialogue
A. B. A. Where are your children? They are in school. How do they get to school?

nE- pHu o bite ETi o d Tjoliho ETi dZ d Tjoliho pHute

KVakp Mg dp PcIhq ? akU p cq dp Ob URdScpVdq akU p cq XRb Ob URdScpVdq MgIhq ? akI o apAcp akU p cq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp LQak akU p cq VhURd AQRa Scp IcqIhq ? akU p cq OTa JRbq akSaq VhURd Vb JRbq ScpOTa Idp akU p cq VhURd DVd QVCbp IapVhp

B.

Usually they walk to the village.

Etaki ETi dZ na kHjad- prE

A.

What do they learn in school?

ETi heTjo krja li tite

B.

They learn to read and do math. Also, they learn several languages.

ETi heTjo h tH dwa lidwa tH to eTi heTjo Ela No- r- tahe

A.

Why do you send your children to school? All children should go to school. They must learn so they will have a good future.

me-te nE- Tu nE- pHu d Tjoliho E- padZE- pwo-tprE- tok dZ Tjoliho ETi tobE heTjoli tr ta-plehja ma limjalimE- pa-

NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq VVakq ? LapXVak LTVdIbpLQVakp IdqAip XRb URdScpVdq akU p cq IdqPakp VhURdScp Ie Qi IVaqLShpVRaq Nap ScpNRaqScpNVak LVaq

B.

18.2 Drills Drill 1:

Usually they walk to school.

Etaki ETi dZ na kHjad- d Tjoliho akI o apAcp akU p cq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp Ob URdScpVdq

the teacher is a woman.

Etaki Tjoliho Tara ma prE-m akI o apAcp URdScpVdq UaQa Nap LQVakN p ip

children learn to read.

Etaki padZE- heTjo h akI o apAcp LapXVak VhURd Vb

Drill 2:
Why do you send your children to school? me-te nE- Tu nE- pHu d Tjoliho

NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq ?

is education important?

me-te tE-TipHE n alodu E- NVhpIhq IVakU p cMak KRbp apSdpOgp VVakq ?

Drill 3:
Why doesnt he go to school?

me-te a dZ d Tjoliho to E- NVhpIhq ap XRb Ob URdScpVdq Idp VVakq ?

she learn to read?

me-te a heTjo h li to E- NVhpIhq ap VhURd Vb Scp Idp VVakq ?

Drill 4:
You should go to school. study hard. write him a letter.

nE- to k dZ d Tjoliho jadZ heTjoli ra litba d Eo

KVakp Idq Aip XRb Ob URdScpVdq RaXe VhURdScp Qaq ScpIbpPap Ob akp dp

Drill 5:
He must go to school so that he will learn to read.

a tobE dZ d Tjoliho t r a h dZjali pa-

ap IdqPakp XRb Ob URdScpVdq IeQi ap Vb XVRa Scp LVaq

he can go to highschool.

a tHjabE to-tHuTjoliho pa- a nibE tE-me- d arja pa-

ap JRapPak IVdJgq URdScpVdq LVaq ap KVcPakp IVakN p V hp Ob apQRa LVaq

he can get a good job.

18.3 Lesson vocabulary

school usually go on foot

Tjoliho etaki dZ na kH jad-

URdScpVdq aoI k apAcp XRb Ka BRapOVCbp Scp NVhpIhq LapXVak LTVdIbpLQVakp

math; arithmetic language to learn

dwa NoheTjo

OTa DVd VhURd

lesson; book why children everyone

li me-te padZEpwo-tprE-

education important woman highschool

tE-TipHE alodu prE-m to-tHu Tjoliho

IVakU p cMak apSdpOgp LQVakN p ip IVdJgq URdScpVdq JRapPak QVCbp RaXe ScpIbpPap IVakN p Vhp

should must so that future smart

tok tobE tr ta-plehja limjalimE-

IdqAip IdqPakp IeQi IVaqLShpVRaq ScpNRaqScpNVak

to advance, succeed other exert effort; try a letter job

tHjabE r- jadZ litba tE-me-

18.4 Additional vocabulary

book pencil pen notebook

liu dZe-bo libo liu le-ram a

Scpg XVhpPdq ScpPdq Scpg SVhQaq Na QdqAgq RTdLScq IVepPdq

to practice to sing to ask to reply, answer

tE-me-Tjo hero sHudja hesH

IVakN p VhpURd VhQdq FgpORaq VhFep

classroom

roku jwopli t-bo

to play to remember to forget

lav- to-ni sHotapa-

SapWViq IVdqKVc FdqIapLVap

eraser ruler

paper

lipli

ScpLScq

to explain

hesHo

VhFdp