Power Line Communication

Technical Implementation of Power Line Communication from Narrowband to Broadband

Your Presenter:

Christian Borgert
Business Development Manager WW Solutions Marketing Communication End Equipments phone: +1 (214) 480-1430 e-mail: [email protected] Besides being monitored via Power Line Communication as an infant Christian looks into the Power Line Communications Market for Texas Instruments since 2007 observing trends and standards and trying to identify product fits or gaps in our portfolio.

Our Agenda for today:

1. What is Power Line Communication?
Definition History Market

2. PLC Standard(s) 3. Focus Applications

Broadband Narrow Band

4. Key Care Abouts & TI-based Solution 5. Q&A

What is Power-Line Communication?

The carrier communicates the data by superimposing an analog signal over the standard 50/60 Hz AC current. Communication without any additional cables, wires or radio links! The mains i.e. the power-line is used as the communication media.

010100 10101010111110101 011011

010001110011101010010

PLC Modem: Modulation of the Main

Power Line Communication
Wired Technology Use of the Electricity Networks for Data Transmission No expensive deployment
Main (50 Hz)
1.5 1 0.5

Modulated signal
1.5

-0.5

-1

Indoor
After the residential counter Reserved for in-house communication and maintenance (midspeed) or internet access within the building

-1.5

0.5

Data signal
1 0.75 0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0.25 0 -0.25 -0.5 -0.75 -1

Outdoor
Last mile access (from transformer to the house) Requires the authorization of energy supplier

Modulation on the Main

Challenges involved in PLC:

Noisy Power Lines Various Protocols Evolving Standard Speed is not the primary driver, cost and reliability are.

The mains i.e. the power-line is used as the communication media. The carrier communicate the data by superimposing an analog signal over the standard 50 Hz AC current. Communication without any additional and expensive cables, wires or radio links!
Use of an existing media Ready to be used now No expensive deployment

On April the 19th, Intel announced that they will integrate PLC technology in their chipset (based on Homeplug standard). Hence CPL and WIFI will allow connectivity in any configuration (resp. wired / non-wired)

View back on History

Power line communication (PLC), also called power line carrier, mains communication, power line telecom (PLT), or power line networking (PLN), are terms describing several different systems for using electric power lines to carry radio signals for communication purposes. Narrowband power line communications started soon after the beginning of wide-spread electrical power supply. Around the year 1922 the first carrier frequency systems began to operate over high-tension lines in the frequency range 15 to 500 kHz for telemetry purposes, and this continues to the present time. Consumer products such as baby alarms have been available at least since 1940.

View back on History

Sometimes PLC was and is used for transmitting radio programs over power lines or over telephone lines. Such devices were in use in Germany, where it was called "Drahtfunk" and in Switzerland, where it was called "Telefonrundspruch" and used telephone lines. In the USSR PLC was very common for broadcasting, because PLC listeners cannot receive foreign transmissions. In Norway the radiation of PLC systems from power lines was sometimes used for radio supply. These facilities were called Linjesender. In all cases the radio program was fed by special transformers into the lines. In order to prevent uncontrolled propagation, filters for the carrier frequencies of the PLC systems were installed in substations and at line branches.

Side Track / Future of PLC?

Automotive: Power-line technology enables in-vehicle network communication of Data, Voice, Music and Video signals by digital means over Direct Current (DC) battery powerline. Advanced digital communication techniques tailored to overcome hostile and noisy environment are implemented in a small size silicon device. One power line can be used for multiple independent networks. Prototypes are successfully operational in vehicles, using automotive compatible pro-tocols such as CAN-bus, LINbus over power line (DC-LIN) and DC-bus. Automotive Applications include Mechatronics (e.g. Climate control, Door module, Immobilizer, Obstacle detector), Telematics and Multimedia.

Home Control (Narrow Band)

Power line communications technology can use the household electrical power wiring as a transmission medium. INSTEON and X10 are the two most popular, de facto standards utilizing power line communications for home control. This is a technique used in home automation for remote control of lighting and appliances without installation of additional control wiring. Typically home-control power line communications devices operate by modulating in a carrier wave of between 20 and 200 kHz into the household wiring at the transmitter. The carrier is modulated by digital signals. Each receiver in the system has an address and can be individually commanded by the signals transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. These devices may either be plugged into regular power outlets or else permanently wired in place. Since the carrier signal may propagate to nearby homes (or apartments) on the same distribution system, these control schemes have a "house address" that designates the owner.

Home Networking (Broadband)

Power line communications technology can also be used to interconnect (network) home computers, peripherals or other networked consumer peripherals, although at present there is no universal standard for this type of application. Standards for power line home networking have been developed by a number of different companies within the framework of the HomePlug Powerline Alliance and the Universal Powerline Association.

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Internet Access (Broadband over Powerlines, BPL)

Broadband over power lines (BPL), also known as powerline internet or Powerband, is the use of PLC technology to provide broadband Internet access through ordinary power lines. A computer (or any other device) would need only to plug a BPL "modem" into any outlet in an equipped building to have high-speed Internet access. BPL seems, at first glance, to offer benefits relative to regular cable or DSL connections: the extensive infrastructure already available would appear to allow people in remote locations to have access to the Internet with relatively little equipment investment by the utility. Also, such ubiquitous availability would make it much easier for other electronics, such as televisions or sound systems, to hook up. However, variations in the physical characteristics of the electricity network and the current lack of IEEE standards mean that provisioning of the service is far from being a standardized, repeatable process, and the amount of bandwidth a BPL system can provide compared to cable and wireless is in question. Some industry observers believe the prospect of BPL will motivate DSL and cable operators to more quickly serve rural communities.

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Home Networking Solutions

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Home Networking Market

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Power Line Communication: Standards

Narrow Band Broadband

14

Smart Grid Developments

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Initial Standards
(as identified April 28/29, 2009)
Standard AMI-SEC System Security Requirements ANSI C12.19/MC1219 BACnet ANSI ASHRAE 135-2008/ISO 16484-5 DNP3 IEC 60870-6 / TASE.2 IEC 61850 IEC 61968/61970 IEC 62351 Parts 1-8 IEEE C37.118 IEEE 1547 IEEE 1686-2007 NERC CIP 002-009 ..NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-53, NIST SP 80082 Open Automated Demand Response (Open ADR) OpenHAN ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile Application Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and Smart Grid end-to-end security Revenue metering information model Building automation Substation and feeder device automation Inter-control center communications Substation automation and protection Application level energy management system interfaces Information security for power system control operations Phasor measurement unit (PMU)communications Physical and electrical interconnections between utility and distributed generation (DG) Security for intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) Cyber security standards for the bulk power system Cyber security standards and guidelines for federal information systems, including those for the bulk power system Price responsive and direct load control Home Area Network device communication, measurement, and control Home Area Network (HAN) Device Communications and Information Model

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Multiple Frequencies Band Requesting Flexibility

Frequency bands for PLC in Europe
defined by the CENELEC: The range of 3 kHz 9 kHz and band A are exclusively for energy providers. Bands B, C, D are open for enduser applications. Bands A, B and D are protocol free Band C is regulated CSMA access

Energy suppliers

Consumers

Future

kH

12 5

14 0

95

12 5

Protocol free

CSMA

Frequency bands for PLC in USA

Single wide band from 150 to 450 kHz No access protocol FFC band 10kHz 490kHz

Frequency bands for PLC in Japan

ARIB band 10kHz 450kHz

CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization - Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique. www.cenelec.org CSMA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access. The devices connected to the main access to the communication line one after the other without rule.Any node can try to access during a silent slot.It is random access based so that the communication attempts are spread over time after a frame. CSMA steht fr: Carrier Sense Multiple Access

14 0

Protocol free

14 8.

5k H

kH

A 3 95 kHz

B
z

C
z

D
z

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PLC PHY Standards Overview

Standard Technology Band Occupied Data Rate range FEC type Benefits Challenges
Tree MAC structure may not work for indoor lighting applications

PRIME

OFDM

42-90 kHz

21-128 kbps

64-state conv code

Targets high data rates

Concatenated code

EDF G3

OFDM

35-90 kHz

2.4-34 kbps

Reed Solomon code + 64-state conv code + repetition if reqd

Implementation similar to PRIME

Robust for low data rates

Homeplug SE highband Homeplug SE lowband

OFDM

2-30 MHz

3.8 Mbps

Only the mini-ROBO mode in Homeplug AV Turbo code (May change to concatenated code)

Can support very high data rates > Mbps Maximum data rate is low (compared to HPSE high band) Deployed in France for e-metering market. easy to implement, estimating 10-15 MIPS

DSP based implementation not possible, need dedicated h/w High band implementation mandatory for HomePlug compliance

OFDM

120-380 kHz

12-350kbps

Plan FSK

FSK

60-76 kHz

1.2-2.4kbps

None

HP C&C

DCSK

3-95 kHz, 95-125 kHz, 120-400 kHz 131.579 kHz

0.625-7.5 kbps 5.48245 kbps

Block coding

IPR issues with Yitran Spectrally inefficient broad analog for low datarate
Well-established for lighting applications

Echelon

NRZBPSK

1 bit parity encoding

IPR issues

PRIME designed for low voltage lines with low noise targets higher data rates, less robustness G3 designed for medium voltage lines lower data rates, more robust compared to PRIME Homeplug Smart Energy still being standardized
Highband is mandatory, based on Homeplug AV Lowband mode is optional, similar to Homeplug AV but with smaller bandwidth

DCSK for command and control

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Homeplug Smart Energy

Common Higher layers

Smart Energy 2.0 Stack, Profiles and Standard Ethernet IP HomePlug Common API

Green PHY PHY HP Smart Energy Lowband

Data rate: 12 kbps - 350 Kbps Band: 120120-380 kHz Low power, low datarate

P1901 / Homeplug AV

HP Smart Energy Highband

Data rate: 3.8 Mbps Band: 22-30 MHz Higher power, datarate Data rate: 198 Mbps Band: 2-30 MHz High power, area

MRD approved - Q2 2009, Specifications target Q4 2009 Homeplug SE high band is mandatory, interoperates with Homeplug AV and P1901 Homeplug SE low band optional, enables low power operation

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Power Line Communication: Applications

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Applications

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Smart Appliance home automation

Electrical Car Smart Meter

Motor Control

Lighting

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PLC Modem Applications

Indoor Applications:
Home Automation Home Networking Building Automation Heating and Air Conditioning Light Fixture Control Room Scenario Programming and Security Remote Monitoring of devices using AC power: - Refrigerator, Thermostat, Smoke Detector
Internet, Multimedia, Audio/Video Distribution

Outdoor/Industrial Applications:
Street Lighting Control Remote Data Collection from Electricity Meter Remote Power Station Monitoring

Home / Building Automation

Wind / Solar Enery

Street Lighting

Smart Electricity Meters

Automotive
Automotive

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Power Line Communication: TI-based Solutions

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Multiple PLC Standards requesting Flexibility

32-bit MCU focuses on narrowband (kilo bit per second kbps range)
Low Speed (bps)
TurtleTech/TWACS
<10 Hz modulation, freq division multiplexing, ~3bits/hour data rate. Utility automatic meter reading. Very long reach. Modulate at 120 kHz for 1 msec at 60 Hz zero-cross Aimed at home automation, 120 b/sec. Pulse position modulation on each half sine wave Aimed at home automation, 240 b/sec

X-10

Addressable by TI F28xTM 32-bit MCU Software flexible solution Targeted Application:

-Home

Universal Power-Line Bus (UPB)

Mid Speed (kbps)

FSK (ST7537/ST7538) Konnex (KNX) SFSK ITRAN 800 (CENELEC) CEA-709.2 (Echelon/LonWorks) EIA-600 (CEBus/Intellon) ITRAN 800 (US FCC) OFDM (IEC 61000-3)

32-bit MCU Focus

Implemented

automation appliance -Control Systems -Electricity meter -Lighting -Solar -Drives

-Smart

High Speed (Mbps)

Home-Plug
Broadband over power lines, 1.8 Mb/s OFDM modulation. Subcarrier frequencies from 4.5 to 20.7 MHz

DS2

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PLC Narrowband applications

Inhouse Communication:
Smart home appliances: monitoring, energy management,

Outdoor
Urban facilities:
Lighting/streetlighting and ballast system Traffic light

Industrial:
Solar field Drives..

Automatic Meter Management (AMM):

Automatic Meter Read Advanced features:
Provider can turn-on/off electricity supply / monitoring. Prepaid metering without smart cards

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TI Offer contains all ingredients for Optimized PLC Modem solutions

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Some TI Technologies for PLC Modem related applications

Microcontrollers
16-bit
MSP430 Ultra-low Power Up to 25MHz Flash 1KB to 256KB RTC, ADC, MPY, USART Measurement Metrology MCU

Memory
FeRAM
FR Replace Flash & SRAM Ultra Low Power Faster writes than Flash Smaller size than SRAM Good fit with MSP430

Complementary Analog
Low-Power RF
CC RF SoC Transceiver 433 to 2500 Mhz Flash for SoC Appropriate peripherals Mesh-RF Zigbee, WM-Bus Measurement PLC Metering Saving Power

ARM 32-bit
Stellaris M3 Industry Std Low Power < 100 MHz Flash 64KB to 256kB
USB (H/D/OTG), ENET(PHY, 1588), ADC, PWM, QVGA

32-bit Real-time
C2000 Power Line Communication Protocol Stack & Modem Embedded Flash f. upgrade Appropriate peripherals

Analog
OPA, THS, ADC Amp, LD, PGA ADC, DAC Full range Various Technologies

Saving Power
TPS, UCC AC/DC, DC/DC, LDO Full range Ultra Low-Power High Efficiency

Multi- Modulation Electricity CPU SFSK-OFDM, etc Communication + Application

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TI-PLC Solution
Receive and Transmit stage

Receive Stage Op Amp

TL074 - Active band pass filter providing low noise, low harmonic distortion, low input bias OPA564 - High current amplifier 1.5A into reactive loads, wide Vin

Power line/DSL Transmit Line Drivers

OPA2673, OPA2674 - Dual, Wideband, High Output Current Operational Amplifiers OPA561 - High Current Op amp THS6043, THS6093 - ADSL CPE Line Drivers with Shutdown

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Microcontroller
The signal converts to a digital form for processing at the PiccoloTM microcontroller which comes in 2 variants:

TMS320F28023, F28027
Piccolo A group of devices support BPSK or SFSK or OFDM modulation schemes

TMS320F28033, F28035
Piccolo B group of devices support BPSK, SFSK, OFDM schemes on the same device (Samples available)

Features:
- High Performance CPU - upto 60 MHz performance - single cycle 32 bit MAC - fast interrupt response and minimal latency

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Control Law Accelerator - 32-bit floating point math accelerator that operates independent of the CPU - Frees main CPU to handle I/O and feedback loop metrics - Hence 5x increased performance for common control loop applications Intelligent architecture and peripherals - 150-picosecond resolution on PWM frequency and duty cycle - High-accuracy on-chip oscillators (10MHz) - 12-bit ratio-metric ADC with individual channel triggers - Two analog comparators with 10-bit reference - Single 3.3V supply with BOR/POR supervision - Serial communication interfaces - Up to 22 general purpose I/Os Single Chip programmable and flexible Solution that supports the PHY, MAC and Application Layers

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Output Stage:
Processed signals directly communicate with outside systems via Piccolos serial interfaces: CAN, I2C, LIN, SPI, SCI Isolation ISO7221 Dual Channel Digital Isolator
ISO7241 Quad Channel Digital Isolator with 4kV ESD protection/ isolation

Interfaces
Wireless Interface - 2.4GHz - Sub 1 GHz - ZigBee Wired Interface - RS232 - RS485 - I2C - CAN

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Power Management
Isolated AC/DC Power Supply
PWM Power supply Controller, Voltage reference, Power factor correction ICs

System Power
Wide input range non-synchronous buck DC/DC Controller, Single channel LDO

Core & I/O Power

Single and Dual channel LDOs respectively

Status LEDs
3 or 4 LEDs to blink for Power, Ports I/O or Receive/Transmit, Activity and/or Fault, Customer defined function (as necessary)

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Key Care Abouts

9 Scalability

Solutions based on a single PLC stack (s/w) and module (h/w) with enough resources to support application/network layers. To any of the new and evolving standards

9 Flexibility & Upgradeability 9 Interoperability 9Solution Cost

New terminals may need to be added to existing network or existing solutions may need to be replaced. Integration and Single Chip solution

TIs Piccolo based Solution Benefits:

Complete solution with 3 main parts- MCU + Line Driver + Amplifier All signal processing done by a single DSP BPSK, SFSK, OFDM modulation schemes supported Scalability, flexibility, upgradeability and interoperability Other functions like PFC, motor control, inverter and monitoring can be integrated on same DSP

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Conclusions
TI is investing in PLC solution for metering market Broad portfolio of Analog and Digital components enabling smart and flexible PLC communication TI works closely with associations involved in current industry standardization to develop and promote PLC solutions

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Questions?

35

Thank you for attending:

Power Line Communication

Technical Implementation of Power Line Communication from Narrowband to Broadband

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37

Getting Started on F28x platform

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$39 Piccolo MCU controlSTICK

48-pin Piccolo device USB Powered

Allows designers to evaluate Piccolo MCUs quickly, easily and for only $39
Kit Includes:
PiccoloTM controlSTICK USB evaluation tool USB extension cable Jumpers and patch cords necessary for example projects Full version of Code Composer Studio with 32kB code size limit Example projects showcasing Piccolo MCU features Full hardware documentation, including bill of materials, schematics and Gerber files

On-board USB JTAG emulation

Access to all Piccolo control peripherals through header pins

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$79 USB Experimenters Kit

Robust development tool starts at $79, helps developers launch Piccolo MCU-based designs quickly and easily
Standard controlCARD pinout; compatible with all other C2000 controlCARDs. On board USB JTAG emulation (No external emulator or power supply needed)

Kit Includes:
PiccoloTM controlCARD Docking station with onboard USB JTAG emulation Access to all controlCARD pins and prototyping area Full version of Code Composer Studio with 32kB code size limit Full hardware documentation, including bill of materials, schematics and Gerber files controlCARD also sold separately ($49)

Access to all Piccolo functional device pins Prototyping area to get started developing quickly and easily

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Piccolo -- Real-time control in an MCU package & price Leading 32-bit performance for real-time control
High-performance C28x CPU Intelligent peripherals fined tuned for control applications Control Law Accelerator

Lower System Cost & Ease of Use

Best mix of control peripherals Robust software libraries Code compatibility across family and with previous generations Increased on-chip analog integration

MCU Package & Price

Starting at sub $2 (in volume) Package options starting from 38-pins Bringing real-time control to cost sensitive applications

On-chip peripherals offer lower system cost

Same high-perf core, throttled performance, same efficiency, code compatible, math algorithms (Alex will provide benchmarks for the core and core + CLA) PWM ease of use example (ADC, Sampling and conversion time, PWM, duty cycle and period) CPU benchmarks for control/math algorithms

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F28xTM 32-bit MCU PLC Modem solution SW flexible implementation - application integration
TMS320F28xTM HV cap coupling transformer Line Driver PWM out 12bit ADC surge protector power-line Receive Filter

Flexible PLC SW Engine

PLC modem implementation on TMS320F28xTM 32-bit MCU - simplified block diagram

Ready and flexible for future standards: Resources left for evolving, more demanding modulation schemes. New code = new standard with the same hardware! Additional functions can be implemented in same processor: PFC, solar, lighting, power monitoring, inverters, motor control,

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Metering: 1-phase Electricity meter example

one-phase smart e-meter metrology PLC communication Zigbee possible other functions (field bus/Euridis)

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Industrial and lighting example

Power Factor Correction Inverters Lamps line filter

PFC and Inverter ADC inputs ADC DSP

TMS320C28xx

PWM

AC blocking cap

OPA353

Receive filter

Additional Lamp drivers

OPA561

Line Driver Coupling transformer

Additional Ballast with PFC

Entire PLC/Ballast system uses just 3 ICs: DSP, line driver and low noise amplifier!

The diagram shows a C2x based PL-modem with PFC and inverters which control lamps this all is done with only one DSP!

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PLC modem example in Lighting

Filter Surge supression
input sense

PFC Rectifier
boost control

Inverter

Output Filter

line current control

lamp light control lamp current control output sense

ADC
User interface

PWM
Vcc 1.8V

TMS320F2808 MCU
SPI

power power

Vio

3.3V

Coupling Transformer

PGA112

ADC
TMS320F2808 MCU
Vio

OPA354 AFE

PWM
PLC MCU

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TMS320F28xTM 32-bit MCU

Single chip programmable and flexible solution that supports:
PHY layer MAC layer Application layers Security (Data : encryption, IP : flash protection) Same H/W platform for low-cost S-FSK to OFDM migration path

Flexible software programmable solution:

Multi protocol support Field update options Support standards evolution

Easy interfacing with Metrology and wireless bus

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F28x 32-bit MCU for Power Line Modem (PLC)

Software Compatible
MCU for Real-Time Control
Device
Announcement Production Sampling

F283xx/F282xx
150 MIPS/300 MFLOPS 196-512 KB Flash Floating Point Unit 32-bit XINT From $12.25

High performance Next 6 Devices F283xx/F282xx

Performance

Development

F281x

150 MIPS 128-256 KB Flash 12.5 MSPS ADC From $13.85

8 Devices F281x

10 Devices LF/C240xA

60-100 MIPS 32-256 KB Flash 40 MIPS 150ps PWM 16-64 KB Flash From $3.25 10-bit ADC From $2

F280xx

C24xTM

12 Devices F280xx

30+ Devices F2803x/02x

Piccolo

C2000 has been the leading performance in the real-time control space. Now the Piccolo famliy helps us address a gap in the portfolio specifically targeting the cost sensitive real-time control applications. We are significantly investing in the area with the addition of over 30+ devices with future additions planned.

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More than 30 new scalable F280xx MCU solutions

F280xx Multiple temperature grades: -40oC to 85oC -40oC to 125oC -40oC to 125oC (Automotive) F2803x
Future Piccolo Future Piccolo

Increased on-chip memory More functional I/Os Enhanced safety features

Performance

128kB Flash 60MHz w/ CLA

w/out CLA

128kB Flash 60MHz w/ CLA

w/out CLA

F2802x
64kB Flash 60MHz 64kB Flash 40MHz 32kB Flash 40MHz 32kB Flash 60MHz

64kB Flash 60MHz w/ CLA

w/out CLA

64kB Flash 60MHz w/ CLA

w/out CLA

Control Law Accelerator CAN, LIN, AECQ100 Available

40-60MHz C28x CPU Starting from 38-pins available

64-pin 80-pin 100-pin

38-pin

48-pin

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TMS320F28xTM 32-bit MCU Family key benefits for PLC

PERFORMANCE up to 150 MHz CPU new HW Control Law Accelerator on Piccolo 120 MIPS equivalent performance OFDM reduced power consumption (400mW) Data security flexibility Multi-protocol support FLEXIBILITY SW compatibility across all F280xx Easy migration across device family leverage investments Interoperability via SW INTEGRATION 12-bit ratio-metric ADC with individual channel triggers more accurate resolution - limit drift errors 3 Analog comparators with 10-bit reference zero crossing detection/synchronization Dual On-chip oscillators intelligent clocking system monitoring On-chip Flash up to 512kB COST OPTIMIZATION Single 3.3V supply available in the family Cost and board space saving Save 1.8V power and SVS Multiple package options down to 32-pin board space saving

TMS320F2803x
Memory

C28x 32-bit CPU

60 MHz 32x32-bit Multiplier RMW Atomic ALU

64-128 KB Flash 20 KB RAM Boot ROM Debug Real Time JTAG

Power & Clocking Dual OSC 3.3 V Supply (On-chip 1.9V) 10MHz Brown Out Power on Reset Reset

Control Law Accelerator

Peripheral Bus

Peripherals
Serial Interfaces
SPI x2 CAN LIN SCI I2C

Analog Modules
12-bit, 13-/16-ch Up to 4MSPS Comparators Up to 3x

Timer Modules
ePWM x12 (5x HR PWM) QEP Up to 1x eCAP x1

Piccolo device block diagram example

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Analog Front End - Transmission Rx - OPA564 Line Driver

1.5A, 26V, 4MHz Power Op Amp

Single or Dual Supply: 3.5V(7V) to 13V(26V) Large Output Swing: 22Vpp@ 1.5A (24V supply) Thermal and over-current warning Adjustable current limit Output Enable/Disable Control 20V/s slew rate
V+ opa 2 IN6 V+ V+ dig Iflag pwr 17,18 7 8 OPA564 IN+ 5 1 10 11 20 4 + 13,14 Vpwr Iset E/D 9 3 15, 16 Tflag

Enables design flexibility Desirable for demanding applications Protects in over-temp and over-current conditions Provides accurate, user selected, current limit Saves power and protects the load Allows 230kHz full-power bandwidth and excellent linearity

Vo

V- opa

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Analog Front End - Reception Tx - PGA112 Programmable Gain Amplifier RRIO, Single Supply, Single Ended, PGA w/2 ch Mux
Zero Drift and RRIO Binary gain : 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 4 internal calibration channels Software shutdown (Iq < 4A) AVDD and DVDD supply in 2.2V to 5.5V range VCLAMP pin to clamp output Low noise, low Ib, low offset, low Iq Extended -40C to +125C Temp Range 10-MSOP Package w/ SPI interface

Best for low offset, RRIO, wide BW, single

F28xx

supply apps Allows for optimum A/D range matching for a wide variety of input signal amplitudes Allows easy system calibration for gain and offset Ideal for power sensitive applications Perfect for mixed voltage systems Prevents downstream latchup in mixed voltage systems

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TI Power Line Communication Solution Roadmap

Solution Status
Production On Development Future Metering PLC PLC Production Code PRIME HomePLug 2.0 SE AFE optimization Further Integration AFE optimization HW accelerators

Development vectors

OFDM Gen I
PLC Production Code Up to 76.8kbps OFDM PHY Also supports S-FSK A band Integrated MAC layer Compatible with EN 500065, IEC 61000-3 Cenelec A band SFSK/OFDM F2808 Now A and B band F2808 SFSK/OFDM September 09 Piccolo migration 4Q09

Industrial PLC PLC Production Code Scalable OFDM Multi-band: A, B, C AFE optimization API interfaces to application Support from Piccolo to Delfino

2Q09

4Q09

2010

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OFDM GEN I TI PLC modem development kit (PLC-DK)

PLC Modem development Kit (PLC- DK) comes with
2 Modem s 2 PLC System On Module Cables (USB and power) GUI and documentations Plastic cover box Part # TMDSPLCKIT-V1 SRP $449

PLC System On Module (SoM)

TMS320F280x 32-bit Micro-controller based I2C , SPI, SCI ports available for Host controller Gerber and Schematics available

Available Now

http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/tmdsplckit-v1.html
Robust Narrowband communication over lowvoltage power line OFDM and S-FSK Data rates up to 76.8 kbps for one phase Phase selection provided Encapsulated libraries solution with interface to host controller (I2C, SPI, SCI) Compatible to standards EN50065 (Cenelec), IEC 61000-3 Operating frequency range 24-94.5kHz (Cenelec A band) B band support under development Easy integration into end-point or network devices of AMR/AMI systems Easy integration in industrial application (lighting, solar..) NRE and Royalties FREE

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PLC-DK highlight

Download documentation at http://focus.ti.com/docs/toolsw/folders/print/tmdsplckit-v1.html

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Kit content Highlight

PLC node #2 PLC node #1

Piccolo docking station to develop host interface

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PLC Modem development path

Analog Front End enabled by TI analog solution
coupling transformer

TMS320F28xPLC MCU PWM out 12bit ADC Flexible PLC SW Engine

HV cap

Line Driver
TAS5103

PGA112

surge protector

Receive Filter Revision 1 based on F2808 Piccolo Migration planned for 4Q09 AFE optimization planned for September 09

power-line

Prototype Phase
Experience and demo on the PLC-DK Interface with application
Interfaces available for host controller using serial port (I2C, SPI, SCI) Option 1: Plug PLC SoM in application (interface definition provided) Option 2: Merge SoM in application (schematic and Gerger File Available)

Integrate into the final application

Production Phase
Order specificTMS320F28xPLC device from TI: contact TI representative

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F280x PLC node architecture

Upper protocol layers protocol agnostic resources available for upper layer development and application support Low layers free source code for physical and data link layers modulations upgrade/enhancement possible

TMS320F280x
users code
Coupling Transformer

Application layer Network layer Data Link layer

Modulation Demodulation

PWM
Analog Frontend schematics available
AFE
Analog Frontend

ADC

TI code

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SFSK Transmit on F280x

ePWM OPA564 coupling transformer HV cap powerline

PWM1 PWM2 PWM1+PWM2 Line Driver Output

The PLC transmitter uses one hardware Event Manager in the TMS3230C28xx to generate a transmit clock running in continuous up/down counting mode. The transmit clock value depends on the bit to transfer: the Space frequency 74 kHz (2.5 MHz / 33.783) the Mark frequency 63.3 kHz (2.5 MHz/39.494) The PWM period registers (TBPRD) are setup so that they run at the space/mark transmit frequency. This clock is fed to two full-compare units. One compare unit is set to generate an output with 33.3% duty cycle, the other is set for 66.6% duty cycle. The outputs of the two compare units are summed together by the analog circuitry on the power line driver amplifier. By adding these two signals together and then filtering the sum at the transmit line driver, a mark or space sine wave carrier signal is produced. Use another PWM channel to transmit in phase opposite. Its enhances the receiver sensitivity.

TMS320F2801
0

12bit ADC PGA112

Bandpass TL074

surge protector

PWM configured to transmit Fs or Fm For a smoother transmit signal, 2 onchip PWM outputs are summed by the analog circuit (optional) Signal filtered and amplified by OPA561 line driver

0.5

1.5 2 time in usec

2.5

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SFSK Receive on F280x

ePWM OPA564 coupling transformer HV cap powerline

The ADC samples the filtered signal at 60.9kHz. This "down samples" the signal to a 1.2kHz waveform. Each sample filtered with a FIR to demodulate autocorrelation.

Software logic is utilized to detect received data structure.

The AGC (Automatic Gain Control) that is implemented on TI demo, can be removed and replaced by sampling a second channel with and external fixed gain. Then the energy on both path (non amplified and amplified) is compared and the most adequate channel is kept for signal detection.

TMS320F2801

12bit ADC PGA112

Bandpass TL074

surge protector

The received signal is amplified and bandpass filtered with an OPA353 based circuit

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OFDM: higher data rate, better performance versus noise

Depending on the modulation scheme and coding options the following calculations may be presented for one phase:
DBPSK FEC Information bits per subcarrier Information bits per symbol Raw data rate (with REF symbol in each window), kbps Raw data rate (no REF symbol in each window), kbps
1/2 -

DQPSK
1/2 -

D8PSK
1/2 -

D16PSK
1/2 -

0,5 24 7,2 9,6

1 48 14,4 19,2

1 48 14,4 19,2

2 96 28,8 38,4

1,5 72 21,6 28,8

3 144 43,2 57,6

2 96 28,8 38,4

4 192 57,6 76,8

Examples of data rates on 48 Carriers

60

OFDM modem synoptic

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Conclusions
New PLC modem kit available
Additional development in the pipe for metering and industrial

Broad portfolio of Analog and Digital components enabling smart and flexible PLC communication Broad portfolio of Analog and Digital components enabling Smart and Flexible Solutions: Power Line Communication RF Metrology Application processor Analog

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