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Edexcel GCE
Chemistry
Advanced
A2C2 Following the rate of a reaction
Total Marks
For teachers use only
/14
Category
Physical Chemistry
Specification
topics
Unit 4 Topic 4.3 How fast? rates
Activity
Activity c - Quantitative measurement
Materials allowed
Student brief, writing materials, graph paper, apparatus and
chemicals supplied.
No books, notes or the User Guide are allowed.
Conditions
Students work individually under supervision. Written results and
graphs must be handed in at the end of the session.
Time allowed
One hour of laboratory time plus time to draw the graph and
carry out calculations.
Health and safety
Eye protection and laboratory coats should be worn throughout
the exercise.
Follow any other safety precautions given by the teacher. The
normal Health and Safety rules of the Chemistry Department
must be followed.
Turn over
W37594A
2009 Edexcel Limited.
5/3/1/
*W37594A*
Student brief
In this exercise you will measure out, then mix, solutions of iodine, propanone and sulfuric acid.
On mixing, the reaction shown by the following equation takes place.
CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq) CH3COCH2I(aq) + H +(aq) + I (aq)
As the reaction proceeds you will remove samples of the reaction mixture and transfer these to a
flask containing sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. This neutralizes the acid in the samples and
stops the reaction. This is known as quenching the reaction.
The quenched sample is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution, using starch indicator. The
volume of sodium thiosulfate required is proportional to the amount of iodine in the reaction
mixture.
Finally, you will draw a graph from your results and answer questions on the reaction.
Information
You are supplied with
Aqueous iodine, labelled A.
Aqueous propanone, labelled B.
Dilute sulfuric acid, labelled C.
Aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate, labelled D.
Aqueous sodium thiosulfate, labelled E.
Aqueous starch.
The apparatus needed to carry out the exercise.
Procedure
1. Label a 250 cm3 conical flask 1. Label six 100 cm3 conical flasks 2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and
T7.
2. Using a measuring cylinder, add 50 cm3 of solution A to flask 1.
3. Using a different measuring cylinder, add 25 cm3 of solution B followed by 25 cm3 of
solution C to flask 2.
4. To each of flasks T3 to T7, add 10 cm3 of solution D, again using another measuring
cylinder.
5. Rinse and then fill a burette with solution E.
6. Pour the solution from flask 2 into flask 1 starting a timer as you do so. Swirl the flask
to mix the solutions. Continue to swirl flask 1 whenever possible throughout the
experiment.
7. After about one minute, withdraw 10 cm3 of the solution from flask 1 using a pipette
fitted with a pipette filler. Empty the solution from the pipette into flask T3, recording
the time from the start as the pipette is half empty. Swirl the flask T3 until no more
bubbles are evolved. Record the time, in seconds, or minutes, in Table 1.
8. Repeat the procedure by using the pipette to remove four more 10 cm3 samples
from flask 1 at intervals of a few minutes. Empty the samples into flasks T4 to T7,
recording the times from the start until the pipette is half empty. Swirl the flasks to
thoroughly mix the solutions.
9. When convenient, titrate the solutions in flasks T3 to T7 against solution E, adding
starch indicator to detect the end point. Record your titres, to at least one decimal
point, in Table 1.
Flask
Time / s (min)
Titre / cm3
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Table 1
(4)
Graph, calculations and questions
(a) Draw a graph of the titres of solution E (vertical axis) against the time from the start of
the reaction at which the pipette was half empty (horizontal axis).
(4)
(b) Suggest how the rate of the reaction depends on the concentration of iodine in the
reaction mixture. What is the order of the reaction with respect to iodine?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Turn over
(c) State one factor, which is not controlled in the experiment, that will have an effect on
the rate of the reaction. Suggest how the procedure could be modified to control this
factor.
(2)
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(d) Describe the colour change at the end point in the titrations.
(1)
From
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to
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(e) Explain the importance of stopping timing when the pipette is half empty as each
reaction sample is being transferred.
(1)
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Total Marks
/14
A2C2
Following the rate of a reaction
Mark scheme (grid available)
Activity c
1
Quantitative measurement
Table 1 Records a full set of times (in seconds / minutes) (1)
Records a full set of titres (to at least 1dp) (1)
All five titres decrease in volume from T3 to T7 (2)
4 marks
Or four titres decrease in volume from T3 to T7 (1)
2
(a)
Graph
Labelled axis (time / s (min) and titre /cm3). Sensible scales
(graph must cover at least half of the graph paper in each
direction) (1)
Five points correctly plotted. Accuracy of point plotting to
be within limits of accuracy of grid (1)
4 marks
Points joined by line of best fit (1)
Straight line (1)
3
(b)
Rate is constant / doesnt depend on I2 concentration (1)
2 marks
Zero order (1)
4
(c)
Temperature (1)
2 marks
Reagents in water bath / other suggestions to maintain constant
temperature (1)
5
(d)
From blue-black / black to colourless (1)
1 mark
(e)
Reaction continues in pipette until it is emptied / so that timing
is the same for each sample / reaction ends as solution mixes
with sodium hydrogencarbonate (1)
1 mark
Turn over
A2C2 Following the rate of a reaction
Technicians notes
Apparatus
One 250 cm3 and six 100 cm3 conical flasks
Measuring cylinders to measure volumes of 50 cm3, 25 cm3 and 10 cm3
Burette in stand and clamp
White tile
10.0 cm3 pipette with pipette filler
Small funnel
Timer
Marker pen
Materials
Each student will need:
50 cm3 of aqueous iodine in potassium iodide; concentration 0.02 mol dm3, labelled A.
25 cm3 of aqueous propanone; concentration 1.0 mol dm3, labelled B.
Propanone is HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid; concentration 1.0 mol dm3, labelled C. IRRITANT
50 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate; concentration 0.5 mol dm3, labelled D.
100 cm3 of aqueous sodium thiosulfate; concentration 0.010 mol dm3, labelled E.
Freshly made aqueous starch; concentration approximately 1%.
A4 graph paper.
Notes
The concentrations of solutions A to E need not be exactly those listed, nor need students
be told the concentrations.
It is suggested that the teacher in charge carries out the exercise before being set.
Students may then be told the most appropriate times at which to remove samples in
order to give a range of titres. Since the titres will not be repeated they may also be told
the range of titres to expect.
This exercise should be able to be completed in about one hour of laboratory time. If
it is not possible to complete the graph and calculations in this time, then all written
materials should be collected in and re-issued at the start of a later session.
