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Calc 2 Lecture Notes Section 5.1 1 of 6: y X Ye

The document provides lecture notes on calculating the area between curves using integrals from Calculus 2. It discusses how the integral can be used to find the area between two functions f(x) and g(x) on an interval [a,b] by evaluating the integral of f(x)-g(x) dx. It also reviews properties of integrals, such as integration by substitution, that are useful for solving problems involving the area between curves. Several practice problems are provided asking students to sketch curves and find the area between them.

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124 views6 pages

Calc 2 Lecture Notes Section 5.1 1 of 6: y X Ye

The document provides lecture notes on calculating the area between curves using integrals from Calculus 2. It discusses how the integral can be used to find the area between two functions f(x) and g(x) on an interval [a,b] by evaluating the integral of f(x)-g(x) dx. It also reviews properties of integrals, such as integration by substitution, that are useful for solving problems involving the area between curves. Several practice problems are provided asking students to sketch curves and find the area between them.

Uploaded by

masyuki1979
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 1 of 6

Section 5.1: Area Between Curves Big idea: The integral can be used to compute other geometric quantities besides the area under a curve. It can be used whenever you can break up a problem into the sum of an infinite number of infinitesimally small pieces. 1. If f(x) g(x), then the area between those functions on the interval [a, b] is A = ( f ( x ) g ( x )) dx .
a b

2. To find the area bounded by f(x) and g(x), break the integral into pieces at the intersection points. Big skill: You should be able to look at the graphs of two functions and be able to calculate the area between the functions. Practice: 1. Find the area between y = cos( x) and y = e x on the interval [0, 1].

2. Sketch and find the area of the region determined by the intersection of the curves y =

2 and y = x . x +1
2

Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 2 of 6

3. Sketch and estimate the area of the region determined by the intersection of the curves y = tan( x ) and y= x.

4. Sketch and find the area of the region determined by the intersection of the curves x = y 2 and x = 4 .

Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 3 of 6

Review of Integrals from Calculus 1:


r x dx =

Power Rule

(provided r -1)

1 x r +1 + c r +1

because

sin xdx = cos x + c


cos xdx = sin x + c
Trig Functions

because because

sec csc

xdx = tan x + c

because

xdx = cot x + c

because

sec x tan xdx = sec x + c csc x cot xdx = csc x + c


Exponential Function

because

because

d 1 x r +1 + c dx r + 1 1 ( r + 1) x r +11 + 0 = x r = r +1 d ( cos x + c ) dx = ( sin x) + 0 = sin x d ( sin x + c ) dx = cos x + 0 = cos x d ( tan x + c ) dx = sec 2 x + 0 = sec 2 x d ( cot x + c ) dx = ( csc 2 x) + 0 = csc 2 x d ( sec x + c ) dx = sec x tan x + 0 = sec x tan x d ( csc x + c ) dx = ( csc x cot x) + 0 = csc x cot x

e dx = e + c e dx = e + c
x x x x

Reciprocal Function

x dx = ln x + c
(provided x 0)

d x e + c ) = ex + 0 = ex ( dx because And d ( e x + c ) = ( e x ) + 0 = e x dx d 1 1 ln x + c ) = + 0 = for x>0 ( dx x x And d ( ln x + c ) because dx d 1 1 = ( ln ( x ) + c ) = ( 1) + 0 = dx x x for x>0

Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 4 of 6
d 1 1 tan 1 x + c ) = +0= ( 2 dx 1+ x 1 + x2 And because d ( cot 1 x + c ) dx 1 1 = +0= 2 1 + x2 1+ x d 1 1 sin 1 x + c ) = +0= ( 2 dx 1 x 1 x2 And because d ( cos 1 x + c ) dx 1 1 = + 0 = 2 1 x2 1 x d 1 1 because dx ( sec x + c ) = x x2 1 because because because because because because because d 1 sinh 1 x + c ) = ( dx 1 + x2 d 1 cosh 1 x + c ) = ( dx x2 1 d 1 tanh 1 x + c ) = ( dx 1 x2 d 1 sech 1 x + c ) = ( 2 dx x 1 x d ( cosh x + c ) = sinh x dx d ( sinh x + c ) = cosh x dx d ( tanh x + c ) = sech 2 x dx

1+ x

dx = tan 1 x + c = cot 1 x + c

Inverse Trig Functions

1 1 x
2

dx = sin 1 x + c = cos 1 x + c

x
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

1 x 1
2

dx = sec 1 x + c

1 1+ x 1
2 2

dx = sinh 1 x + c dx = cosh 1 x + c

x 1 1 1 1 x 2 dx = tanh x + c 1 1 x 1 x 2 dx = sech x + c

sinh xdx = cosh x + c


Hyperbolic Functions

cosh xdx = sinh x + c sech


2

xdx = tanh x + c

Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 5 of 6

Review of Integral Properties from Calculus 1:


Functions multiplied by constants and summed Integration by Substitutio n Argument of function multiplied by constant
d a f ( x ) dx b g ( x ) dx dx d d = a f ( x ) dx b g ( x ) dx dx dx d d =a f ( x ) dx b g ( x ) dx dx dx = af ( x ) bg ( x )

(af ( x) bg ( x) )dx because =a f ( x ) dx b g ( x ) dx

) )

) )

du f ( u ) dx dx = F ( u) + c

because

d ( F ( u ) + c) dx du = F( u) + 0 dx
d 1 F ( ax) + c dx a 1 d = f ( ax ) ( ax ) + 0 a dx 1 = f ( ax ) a = f ( ax) a

f (ax)dx
= 1 F ( ax ) + c a

because

(for a 0)

f ( x ) dx dx
= ln f ( x) + c (provided f(x) 0) Quotient of a derivative and a function

df

because

d ( ln f ( x) + c ) dx 1 df = +0 f ( x ) dx

tan ( x ) dx
= +c because =

tan ( x ) dx = ln sec ( x )

sin ( x ) 1 dx = sin ( x ) dx cos ( x ) cos ( x ) 1 d cos x dx cos ( x ) dx

= ln cos ( x ) + c = ln sec ( x ) + c Product of a function and its derivative


2 d 1 ( f ( x) ) + c dx 2 1 d = 2 f ( x ) ( f ( x) ) + 0 2 dx = f ( x) f '( x)

f ( x ) f ( x ) dx 1 = ( f ( x) ) + c 2
2

because

Calc 2 Lecture Notes

Section 5.1

Page 6 of 6

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