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Additional Calculus Problems 3 - Integration and Differential Equations Solutions

1) The document contains solutions to additional calculus problems involving integration, differential equations, and their applications: 2) It solves differential equations arising from integration problems and finds the general solutions involving constants. 3) The techniques used include separation of variables, substitution of variables, and identifying solutions involving constants.

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Nicholas Teh
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
243 views

Additional Calculus Problems 3 - Integration and Differential Equations Solutions

1) The document contains solutions to additional calculus problems involving integration, differential equations, and their applications: 2) It solves differential equations arising from integration problems and finds the general solutions involving constants. 3) The techniques used include separation of variables, substitution of variables, and identifying solutions involving constants.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Teh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Additional Calculus Problems 3-Integration and Differential Equations Solutions

1(a)

x4 x2 + 2 x4 x2 + 2 x x3 x2 + x3 x2 + 2 dx dx = dx = x 2 ( x 1) x3 x2 x3 x2
= x +1+ 2 2 dx = x + 1 + 2 dx 2 x x x ( x 1)
3

) (

x2 1 1 1 = + x + 2 2 dx 2 x 1 x x

x2 1 + x + 2 ln | x 1 | + ln | x | + C 2 x
(shown)

x2 2 = + x + 2 ln | x | +2 ln | x 1 | +C 2 x

1(b)

sin

cos x cos x cos x dx = dx = dx 2 2 2 x sin x 2 1 9 1 3 sin x sin x 2 4 2 2

1 3 sin x 1 2 2 + C = 1 ln sin x 2 + C (shown) = ln 1 3 3 sin x + 1 3 2 sin x + 2 2 2


[ Note that

[ f ( x )]

f ' ( x)
2

dx =

1 f ( x) a 1 ln + C , where f ( x) = sin x ] 2a f ( x ) + a 2

dy dy x3 3 2(a) y +x =0 = 3 dx dx y
3

dy = x 3 dx

y4 x4 = + B x 4 + y 4 = 4 B = C (shown) 4 4

y4 x4 = + B x 4 + y 4 = 4 B = C (shown) 4 4

*2(b)

dy x 2 + y 2 dy x y = = + (1) dx xy dx y x
yx dy dx y 2 du = y x dy 2 dx dx y

x du Let u = , then = y dx

dy y y 2 = dx x x

du 1 y du 1 x du dx = u u dx = u u 2 dx

y2 y 1 x 1 x = y = y = = 2 ] [ Q x x u u u u
Substituting all these into (1) gives Multiplying both sides by u 2 gives

1 x u u2

1 du =u+ u dx

ux x

du = u3 + u dx du = u3 dx
(This is the variables separable part)

1 1 dx = 3 du x u
ln | x |=

1 1 + B 2 ln | x |= 2 2 B 2 2u u

2 ln | x |=

y2 2B x2

y 2 = x 2 (2 ln | x | +2 B ) = x 2 (2 ln | x | +C ) = x 2 ln x 2 + C
y = x ln x 2 + C (shown)

2(c)

dy = ( y + 4 x) 2 (1) dx
Let u = y + 4x, then

du dy dy du = +4 = 4 dx dx dx dx

(1) becomes

du 4 = u2 dx
(This is the variables separable part)

du 1 du = dx = u2 + 4 2 dx u +4

1 u tan 1 = x + B 2 2 1 y + 4x tan 1 = x+B 2 2


y + 4x tan 1 = 2x + C 2
[ Q C = 2B ]

y + 4x = tan( 2 x + C ) y = 2 tan( 2 x + C ) 4 x (shown) 2

2(d)

dy 1 2 y 4 x 1 2( y + 2 x ) = = (1) dx 1 + y + 2 x 1 + ( y + 2 x)
Let u = y + 2x, then

du dy dy du = +2 = 2 dx dx dx dx du 1 2u du 1 2u 2= = +2 dx 1+ u dx 1 + u =

Substituting these into (1) gives

3 1+ u

u2 1 + u du = 3 dx u + 2 = 3x + B y + 2x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = 3x + B 2
[ Q C = 2B ]

2 y + 4 x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = 6 x + C

2 y 2 x + ( y + 2 x) 2 = C (shown)

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