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Fluid Power Formulas

This document provides formulas and guidelines for basic fluid power, actuators, pumps, and general fluid power. For basic fluid power, it gives the formulas for fluid pressure, fluid flow rate, and fluid power in horsepower. For actuators, it provides the formulas for cylinder area, cylinder force, cylinder speed, cylinder volume capacity, cylinder flow rate, fluid motor torque, and fluid motor speed. For pumps, it lists the formulas for pump output flow, pump input horsepower, pump efficiency, pump volumetric efficiency, pump mechanical efficiency, pump displacement, and pump torque. It concludes with general fluid power guidelines for horsepower for driving a pump, horsepower for idling a pump, wattage for heating hydraulic oil

Uploaded by

Rajesh N Priya Gopinathan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
964 views

Fluid Power Formulas

This document provides formulas and guidelines for basic fluid power, actuators, pumps, and general fluid power. For basic fluid power, it gives the formulas for fluid pressure, fluid flow rate, and fluid power in horsepower. For actuators, it provides the formulas for cylinder area, cylinder force, cylinder speed, cylinder volume capacity, cylinder flow rate, fluid motor torque, and fluid motor speed. For pumps, it lists the formulas for pump output flow, pump input horsepower, pump efficiency, pump volumetric efficiency, pump mechanical efficiency, pump displacement, and pump torque. It concludes with general fluid power guidelines for horsepower for driving a pump, horsepower for idling a pump, wattage for heating hydraulic oil

Uploaded by

Rajesh N Priya Gopinathan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reference Tables -- Fluid Power Formulas

Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics


Variable
Fluid Pressure - P Fluid Flow Rate - Q Fluid Power in Horsepower - HP

Word Formula w/ Units


(PSI) = Force (Pounds) / Area ( Sq. In.) GPM= Flow (Gallons) / Unit Time (Minutes) Horsepower = Pressure (PSIG) Flow (GPM)/ 1714

Simplified Formula
P = F/A Q=V/T HP = PQ / 1714

Actuator Formulas
Variable
Cylinder Area - A

Word Formula w/ Units


( Sq. In.) = Radius (inch)2 (Sq. In.) = Diameter (inch)2 / 4

Simplified Formula
A = R2 A = D2 / 4 F = PA v = (0.3208 gpm) / A V = R2 L / 231 (L = length of stroke)

Cylinder Force - F Cylinder Speed - v

(Pounds) = Pressure (psi) Area (sq. in.) (Feet / sec.) = (231 Flow Rate (gpm)) / (12 60 Area)

Cylinder Volume Capacity - Volume = Radius2 Stroke (In.) / 231 V Cylinder Flow Rate - Q Fluid Motor Torque - T Volume = 12 60 Velocity (Ft./Sec.) Net Area(In.)2 / 231 Torque (in. lbs.) = Pressure (psi) disp. (in.3 / rev.) / 6.2822 Torque = HP 63025 / RPM Torque = Flow Rate (GPM) Pressure 36.77 / RPM Fluid Motor Speed - n Fluid Motor Horsepower HP

Q = 3.11688 v A T = P d / 6.2822 T = HP 63025 / n T = 36.77 Q P / n

Speed (RPM) = (231 GPM) / Disp. (in.)3 n = (231 GPM) / d HP = Torque (in. lbs.) rpm / 63025 HP = T n / 63025

Pump Formulas
Variable
Pump Output Flow - GPM Pump Input Horsepower HP Pump Efficiency - E

Word Formula w/ Units


HP = GPM Pressure (psi) / 1714 Efficiency Overall Efficiency = Output HP / Input HP Overall Efficiency = Volumetric Eff. Mechanical Eff.

Simplified Formula
HP = (Q P) / 1714 E EOverall = HPOut / HPIn X 100 EOverall = EffVol. EffMech. EffVol. = QAct. / QTheo. X 100

GPM = (Speed (rpm) disp. (cu. in.)) / 231 GPM = (n d) / 231

Pump Volumetric Efficiency - E Pump Mechanical Efficiency - E

Volumetric Efficiency = Actual Flow Rate Output (GPM) / Theoretical Flow Rate Output (GPM) 100 Mechanical Efficiency = Theoretical Torque to Drive / Actual Torque to Drive 100

EffMech = TTheo. / TAct. 100

Pump Displacement - CIPR Displacement (In.3 / rev.) = Flow Rate (GPM) 231 / Pump RPM Pump Torque - T Torque = Horsepower 63025 / RPM Torque = Pressure (PSIG) Pump Displacement (CIPR) / 2

CIPR = GPM 231 / RPM T = 63025 HP / RPM T = P CIPR / 6.28

General Fluid Power Guidelines:


Horsepower for driving a pump:
For every 1 hp of drive, the equivalent of 1 gpm @ 1500 psi can be produced.

Horsepower for idling a pump:


To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it's full rated power

Wattage for heating hydraulic oil:


Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1 F. per hour.

Flow velocity in hydraulic lines:


Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second, pressure lines up to 500 psi - 10 to 15 ft./sec., pressure lines 500 to 3000 psi - 15 to 20 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil systems; 4 ft./sec.

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