Java , ,

ii

Java Programming for Kids, Parents and Grandparents

by Yakov Fain

Copyright 2011 Yakov Fain
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or
by any, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover design and illustrations: Yuri Fain
Adult technical editor: Yuri Goncharov

Kid technical editor: David Fain
May 2004: First Electronic Edition (English)

June 2005: Second Electronic Edition (French)
Programmation Java pour les enfants, les parentset les grands-parents

October 2011: Third Electronic Edition (Russian)
Java , ,
The information in this book is distributed without warranty. Neither the
author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entitle to
any liability, loss or damage to be caused directly or indirectly by
instructions contained in this book or by the computer software or
hardware products described herein.

Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Oracle Corporation in the United States and other countries.

Windows 7 and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
All other product names and company names are the property of their
respective owners.
ISBN: 0-9718439-5-3

 Java , ,

iii

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 Java , ,

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......................................... III
...................................................................................... V
............................................................................... VII
..................................................................................... VIII
1. ....................................................... 13
Java ............................................................................................................. 14
........................................................................... 18
1 ............................................................................................. 18
2 ........................................................................................... 20
3 ..................................................................................................... 21
............................................................................ 22

2. ECLIPSE IDE .................................................. 23

Eclipse IDE .............................................................................................................. 23
Eclipse ................................................................................................ 28
Eclipse IDE........................................................................................... 32
HelloWorld Eclipse ................................................................................................... 35
HelloWorld..................................................................................... 36
............................................................................ 38
...................................................................................................... 38
............................................................. 39

3. JAVA .... 40
..................................................................................................................... 40
............................................................................................................................. 42
................................................................................................. 46
............................................................ 52
........................................................................................................ 56
........................................................................................................... 57

 Java , ,

ix

..................................................................................................... 57
............................................................. 58

4. JAVA .................... 59
...................................................................................................... 59
if ....................................................................... 60
............................................................................................................. 62

. ............................................................................................................ 63
................................................................................................................... 63
else if............................................................................................................... 64
switch .............................................................................. 65
? ............................................................................................... 66
: ................................................................................... 67
this ............................................................................................................... 68
...................................................................................................................................... 69
............................................................................ 71
............................................................................ 74
...................................................................................................... 74
............................................................. 75

5. ....................... 76
AWT Swing ............................................................................................................................... 76
import ........................................................................................... 77
Swing ...................................................................................................... 78
................................................................................................................... 81
FlowLayout - ................................................................................ 82
GridLayout - ................................................................................. 82
BorderLayout - .............................................................................. 84
....................................................................................... 85
BoxLayout - .............................................. 88
GridBag Layout - .................................................. 89

 Java , ,

CardLayout ........................................................................................................ 90
, ? ................................................................. 91
...................................................................................................................... 91
............................................................................ 95
...................................................................................................... 95
............................................................. 96

6. ............................................................... 97
................................................................................................................................ 98
ActionListener .................................................................................... 100
ActionListener ........................................................................ 101
- -? ......................................................................................................... 102
- casting .................................................................................................... 102
........................................................................... 105
...................................................................................................... 106
.............................................................................. 112
.................................................................................................. 114
.......................................................................... 115
.................................................................................................... 115
........................................................... 115

7. - ........................................ 116
HTML 15 ................................................................................................. 117
A AWT ...................................................................................................................... 120
................................................................................................................ 121
- ............................................................................................. 123
.................................................................................................................................. 124
.................................................................................................................... 124
.......................................................................... 134
.................................................................................................... 135
........................................................... 136

8. .............. 137

 Java , ,

xi

..................................................................................................... 138
.................................................................................. 139
try/catch ........................................................................................................................... 141
throws ........................................................................................................... 144
finally ............................................................................................................ 145
throw ............................................................................................................ 147
................................................................................................. 148
.......................................................................... 150
.................................................................................................... 151
........................................................... 151

9. .......................................... 152
..................................................................................................................... 153
................................................................................................ 155
.............................................................................................. 157
..................................................................................................... 160
File .................................................................................................................................. 164
.......................................................................... 166
.................................................................................................... 166
........................................................... 167

10. .................................... 169

.................................................................................................. 169
................................................................................................................ 171
............................................................................................... 174
................................................................................................................................. 176
........................................................................................................................ 179
public class Car { .......................................................................................................... 181
..................................................................................................... 183
ArrayList ........................................................................................................................ 186
.......................................................................... 190
.................................................................................................... 190

 Java , ,

xii

........................................................... 191

11. . - .............. 192

.................................................................................................................................. 192
.............................................................................................................................................. 193
...................................................................................................... 201
-............................................................................................... 206
.......................................................................... 216
........................................................................................................... 216
......................................................... 217

A. JAVA - JARS....................................... 218

.......................................................................... 219

. ECLIPSE ................ 220

Eclipse...................................................................................................................... 221

. - .......... 225
.......................................................................... 229
.................................................................................................... 229

............................................................................................... 230

 Java , ,

13

1.

. ,
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.
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,
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C# Java. Java
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() - ,
PC, Apple . ,
Java ,
,
, JVM
(Java Virtual Machine).
, , Java -
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, .
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Java Car ()
, , , ,
. , ,
, , Ford,

 Java , ,

14

Car ,
Ford.

, Java
( ),
, Java
ee .
, Java !
e Java,
!

Java
Java,
() -
Oracle. Java Sun Microsystems. 2009
Oracle Sun Microsystems.
Java Development Kit (JDK).
(JDK 7)
-:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Java SE 7 .
Download JDK .
. ,
,
.
Windows, Windows x86 (32-
) Windows x64 (64- ).

Linux Solaris,
.
Apple JDK.
Apple, ,
Java Enter. Command
not found, Java ,
:

 Java , ,

15

http://support.apple.com/downloads/#Java

. .
Windows
:

 Java , ,

16

. ,
Windows :
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0, : .
:, .

Next, Install Finish .
Java .


. , Windows ,

.

 Java , ,

17

.
...


Windows 7.



,
, :

Path, Windows ( Unix) JDK
. ,
Java.
Path , Java
:

 Java , ,

18

CLASSPATH.
, a (.;).
Java .
, Java
.
, .

, JDK !

Java
.

Java .

,
Java -,
JVM.

.

 Java , ,

19

Java,
, , .

,
, .java. ,
HelloWorld,
( )

HelloWorld.java. ,
Java-.
, Hello
World:
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World");
}

,

Hello World .

 Java , ,

20

2



.

javac,

JDK.

,



C:\practice.
,

cmd

.


.

,
PATH CLASSPATH, set.
.
C:\practice
:
cd \practice
javac HelloWorld.java
practice
, .
javac Java. -
, HelloWorld
. ,
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dir.
, .
, HelloWorld.class.
,

 Java , ,

21

. HelloWorld.java
. ,
, - .
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, HelloWorld.class.

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:

java HelloWorld
,
java, javac? JRE
(Java Run-time Environment) JVM,
HelloWorld.

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HelloWorld H
W, helloworld
helloWorld JVM , , , .
,
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. ,
, ! ,
.

 Java , ,

22

, ,
J.
, ,
,
.

:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/getStarted/c
upojava/win32.html

Java Windows:

http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/webnotes/in
stall/windows/jdk-installation-windows.html

 Java , ,

23

2. Eclipse IDE

IDE (Integrated
Development Environment). ,
. IDE ,
, ,
. IDE
, IDE
Eclipse. - www.eclipse.org.
Eclipse IDE
Hello World.
.
Eclipse ,

Java.

Eclipse IDE

- www.eclipse.org
Download Eclipse ( Eclipse).

 Java , ,

24

Eclipse Downloads,
.
Eclipse IDE for Java Developers. ,
, .
Windows , 32-
.

 Java , ,

25

,
, .

, ,

. ,

( ).

 Java , ,

26

C:.

.

,
ZIP .

.


.

 Java , ,

27

Eclipse ! Eclipse.
.
> >
C:\eclipse eclipse.exe.
, Eclipse.
Eclipse
(workspace) ,
.

Workspace ( )
, C:\workspace. , Eclipse

 Java , ,

28

,
Use this as the default and do not ask again
( ).
OK. Eclipse
Welcome.
Eclipse.

Workbench ( ),
Java.
,
Welcome.

Eclipse

,
Java Eclipse.
Eclipse. Help
(), Help Contents ( ),

 Java , ,

29

Java Development User Guide (

Java).
,
. , My First Project,
HelloWorld.java.
, .
Eclipse,
File (), New (), Java Project ( Java).
New Java Project ( Java).
, , My First
Project.

Location ().
, .

 Java , ,

30

. ,
Eclipse.
, -
.
.
Eclipse ,
(perspective).
, Window
(), Open Perspective ( )
.

,
. , Java
Java,
Debug ().
My
First Project, JRE System
Library (jdk 1.7.0). .
- , .
Windows (), Preferences
().
Java, Editor (),
Installed JREs ( JRE). Add ().

 Java , ,

31

Standard VM (
). Next ().

Directory
, Java, ,
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0\.

 Java , ,

32

Finish. JRE.

Eclipse IDE

HelloWorld 1
Eclipse. Java ,
.
.
Eclipse, File, New, Class.
HelloWorld Name ().
Which methods stubs you would like to create (
?)
main():
public static void main(String[] args)

 Java , ,

33

Finish Eclipse HelloWorld,
main().
. , Java
, ,
main().
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}

,
main,
Enter :

 Java , ,

34

System.out.println("Hello World");

, Ctrl-S.
,
, .
, , .

Ctrl-S. Problems Eclipse
Syntax error, insert "}" to complete ClassBody (
; "}" ClassBody).
, , .
,
.

,
,
.
.
Problems.
Ctrl-S , !

 Java , ,

35

HelloWorld Eclipse
, .
,
Eclipse , .
Run (), Run Configurations
(). ,
Java Application ( Java). Main
Project () , Main class
( ) .

, , Run ().
Console () Hello
World, , 1.
o
Run (), Run ()
Ctrl-F11.

 Java , ,

36

HelloWorld

-
HelloWorld?

HelloWorld main(),
Java. , main ,
main.
() , , main(),
Hello World,
println().

,
:
public static void main(String[] args)

public. public
, main()

Java


JVM.

static. static
, ()
HelloWorld ,
.
.


- ? void
, main()
, .
Eclipse. , -
,
.

- main.
,
String[] args. main()

 Java , ,

37

String[] args ,
String, .
, ,
.
, ,
main(). Java
. , Game
startGame(), stopGame(), readScore() .
main() :
System.out.println("Hello World");

(;). println()
( ). Java
. ,
, .
System.out , out
System, Java. ,
System - out? Eclipse
. , System ,
Eclipse , .

Ctrl-Space, , .

 Java , ,

38

out.println() , ,
out - out
println(). ,
,
. , PingPongGame,
saveScore() .
, ,
:
PingPongGame.saveScore("", 3);

,
. ,
, , .
saveScore() ,
3.
Eclipse ,
, ? ,
Java
IDE.

Eclipse IDE Tutorial by Lars Vogel:
http://www.vogella.de/articles/Eclipse/article.html

 Java , ,

39

HelloWorld,

println().

HelloWorld,
Hello ,
.

 Java , ,

40

3.
Java

Java ,

. -,
,
,
- . ,
,
Java ,
.

,
VideoGame ( ). ,
, :
, , () .
- , ,
, , .
Java .
, .
.

 Java , ,

41

:
class VideoGame {
int color; //
String int price; //
void start () {
}
void stop () {
}
void saveScore(String playerName, int score) {
}
}

K VideoGame ,
, ,
, , .

GameBoyAdvance -
.
, ,
GameBoy Advance, .
GameBoyAdvance
cartridgeType and screenWidth startGame() stopGame().
- ,

.
class GameBoyAdvance {

 Java , ,

42

String cartridgeType; //
int screenWidth; //
void startGame() {
}
void stopGame() {
}
}

GameBoy Advance
, Java-
.
,
GameBoyAdvance Java.

.
. ,
,
- - , - ,
. ,
GameBoyAdvance.

 Java , ,

43

.
-
.
,
-
. ,
.
y=x+2? Java
x y, - ,
(integer int)
(double):
int x;
int y;

.
,
:
x=5;
y=x+2;

Java
. ,
:
int y=5;
y++;
, Java
. , myScore
:
int myScore=5;
myScore=myScore+1;

, ,
:
int myScore=10;

 Java , ,

44

myScore--;
myScore=myScore*2;
myScore=myScore/3;
System.out.println("My score is " + myScore);

- (, My score is
)? Eclipse, ,
(scrapbook)
.
File, New, Scrapbook Page Test
-.
,
:

,
Console :
My score is 6

println()
My score is myScore,
.
(concatenation). ,
myScore , : Java
, String
My Score is.

 Java , ,

45

,
:
myScore=myScore*2;

// myScore*=2;

myScore=myScore+2;

// myScore+=2;

myScore=myScore-2;

// myScore-=2;

myScore=myScore/2;

// myScore/=2;

Java () ,
s . , ,
,

:

byte, short, int,
and long.
float double.
char.
, boolean,
: true false ( ).

Java
. :
char grade = 'A';
intirs = 12;
cha boolean playSound = false;
double nationalIncome = 23863494965745.78;
float gamePrice = 12.50f;
long totalCars =4637283648392l;

f float, l long.
- , Java
, false boolean,
\u0000 char.
final,
,

. final-

 Java , ,

46

.
.
final String STATE_CAPITAL=;

,
.
-, Integer, Double,
Boolean, . ,
.
char ,
Java String
:
String lastName=;

.

,
. 1 0.
.
char .
int float .
long double .

, ,
.

1 (KB) - 1024
1 (MB) - 1024
1 (GB) 1024

(-
Pet). , Pet
. , (eat, sleep, say) ?

 Java , ,

47

Pet.
: (age),
(height), (weight) (color).

Pet My First Project
, ,
main().

:

Pet.
.
:
class Pet{
}

.
int , float , String .

class Pet{

 Java , ,

48

int age;
float weight;
float height;
String color;
}

.
- :

sleep() ,

.

eat()
!

say() ,
,
, .
, ,
.
Pet :
public class Pet {
int age;
float weight;
float height;
String color;
public void sleep(){
System.out.println(" ! ");
}
public void eat(){ System.out.println(
" , !");
}
public String say(String aWord){
String petResponse = " !! " +aWord;
return petResponse;
}
}

 Java , ,

49

() sleep():
public void sleep()

, sleep()
(public)
(void). ,

, .
say() :
public String say(String aWord)

,
-
String, . ,
-
String aWord.

 Java , ,

50

?
-
,
. , Pet
! ,
PetMaster (). main(),
Pet.
PetMaster,
Eclipse - main(). ,
.
, Eclipse,
:
public class PetMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String petReaction;
Pet myPet = new Pet();
myPet.eat();
petReaction = myPet.say("!! !!");
System.out.println(petReaction);
myPet.sleep();
}
}

Ctrl-S ,
! PetMaster,
Eclipse Run, Run, New -

 Java , ,

51

PetMaster. Run ,
:

, !
!! !! !!
,

PetMaster
Pet. myPet and
new:

Pet myPet = new Pet();

myPet Pet ( ,
, ,
). myPet ,
Pet, ,
Pet, :
myPet.eat();

- ,
-. - ,
,
, :
String petReaction;
petReaction = myPet.say("!! !!");

petReaction
:
System.out.println(petReaction);

 Java , ,

52

Pet
Java, (inheritance).
- . Java
.
Pet, ,
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, .
-, , , .
Fish () ,
Pet,
, .
extends:
Fish -
Pet, Pet - Fish.
Pet, Fish.

class Fish extends Pet{

 Java , ,

53

Fish , ,
,
Pet. :

Fish myLittleFish = new Fish();
myLittleFish.sleep();

Fish,
sleep(), -!
Eclipse!
File, New, Class Fish, .
- java.lang.Object Pet.

 Java , ,

54

, Pet, ,
, ,
-, .
, , , .
Fish dive() - .
dive() howDeep, ,
.
currentDepth,
dive().
currentDepth .
, , FishMaster:
Java
- Object,
extends.
, Java- .
Java ,
,
, - .
public class Fish extends Pet {
int currentDepth=0;
public int dive(int howDeep){
currentDepth=currentDepth + howDeep;
System.out.println(" "
+ howDeep + " ");
System.out.println(" "
+ currentDepth + " ");
return currentDepth;
}
}

main() FishMaster Fish

dive() .
sleep().

public class FishMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Fish myFish = new Fish();
myFish.dive(2);
myFish.dive(3);

 Java , ,

55

myFish.sleep();
}
}

FishMaster :
2
2
3
5
,

, FishMaster
Fish, sleep() - Pet? -!

Pet. extends Fish
Pet!

 Java , ,

56

, , dive()
currentDepth, FishMaster . ,
FishMaster . -
, Fish,
. , ,
FishTrafficDispatcher ( ),
,
- .

, , , (
). Fish Pet,
say(). ,
- :
myFish.say();

, , Fish
(override) say(),
Pet. : -
- , - -, Java
-, -.
Fish say().
public String say(String something){
return " , ?";
}

say() main() FishMaster:
myFish.say("");

:

, ?

, say() Pet .
! .
final,
, :

 Java , ,

57

final public void sleep(){}

1.Java Data Types:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/da
tatypes.html

2.About inheritance:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts/inherit
ance.html

1. Car ()
:
public void start()
public void stop()
public int drive(int howlong)

drive() ()

.
:
distance = howlong*60;

2. CarOwner (
),
Car
.

System.out.println().

 Java , ,

58

Car,
JamesBondCar (
)
drive().
:
distance = howlong*180;

!
.

 Java , ,

59

4.
Java

, Java,

, ,
, .
,
, . -
.

:

1. ,
:
//

2.
/* */, :
/* 3
.
*/

3. Java javadoc,

.
.

 Java , ,

60

/** */.
,
, .
/**

. $100,
= 20%, 10%.

*/

,
, .

if
:
, -
. Java if, ,
(true) (false).

,

,

.
,
? true,
,
.
, JVM
,
, else. ,
100 , 20% ,
10%.

// 20%
if (price > 100){

 Java , ,

61

price=price*0.8;
System.out.println(" 20%);
}
else{
price=price*0.9;
System.out.println(" 10%);
}

dive() Fish,
, :
public class Fish extends Pet {
int currentDepth=0;
public int dive(int howDeep){
currentDepth=currentDepth + howDeep;
if (currentDepth > 100){
System.out.println(" "+
" 100 ");
currentDepth=currentDepth - howDeep;
}else{
System.out.println(" " + howDeep +
" ");

System.out.println(" " + currentDepth +

" ");

return currentDepth;

public String say(String something){

return " , ?";
}
}

FishMaster
100 :
public class FishMaster {

 Java , ,

62

public static void main(String[] args) {

Fish myFish = new Fish();
// 100
myFish.dive(2);
myFish.dive(97);
myFish.dive(3);
myFish.sleep();
}

, :
2
2
97
99
100
,

, ,
. , (Texas)
(California),
.
.
(true), - (true).
Java
.
String. a Java equals()
,
state () :
if (state.equals("Texas") | state.equals("California"))

if:
if (state.equals("Texas") || state.equals("California"))

 Java , ,

63

,
, (true),
.
, JVM .
(&&).
, .
, , (state) -
(price) 110 .
:
if (state.equals("New York") && price >110)

if (state.equals("New York") & price >110)

(false), , ..
, .
.
(negation) .
. ,
, -
, :
if (!state.equals("New York"))

:
if (price < 50)
if (!(price >=50))

if,
. ,
, ,
. ,

 Java , ,

64

,
- :
discount = price > 50? 10:5;

, discount ()
, - .
if:
if (price > 50){
discount = 10;
} else {
discount = 5;
}

else if
if
else if . ReportCard
( ), main(),
,
. ,
(A, B, C, D).
convertGrades().
public class ReportCard {
/**
M convertGrades
- A, B, C or D
.
*/
public char convertGrades( int testResult){
char grade;
if (testResult >= 90){
grade = 'A';
}else if (testResult >= 80 && testResult < 90){
grade = 'B';
}else if (testResult >= 70 && testResult < 80){
grade = 'C';
}else {
grade = 'D';
}
return grade;

 Java , ,

65

}
public static void main(String[] args){
ReportCard rc = new ReportCard();
char yourGrade = rc.convertGrades(88);

System.out.println(" " + yourGrade);

yourGrade = rc.convertGrades(79);
System.out.println(" " + yourGrade);

else if ,
char. ,
&& ,
. " testResult 80
89", Java , testResult
80, (&) 89, :
testResult >= 80 && testResult < 89

, ||.

switch
switch if.
switch ,
case ,
:
public static void main(String[] args){
ReportCard rc = new ReportCard();
char yourGrade = rc.convertGrades(88);
switch (yourGrade){
case 'A':
System.out.println(" !");
break;
case 'B':
System.out.println(" !");
break;
case 'C':
System.out.println(" !");
break;

 Java , ,

66

case 'D':
System.out.println(" !");
break;
}

break case
, ,
switch. break,
, ,
yourGrade .


switch



,
,

:
char
int
byte
short
enum
Java 1.7, String
switch. , ,
Java 1.5 : Character,
Byte, Short, Integer.

convertGrades() ReportCard
grade. ,
. ,
. , ,
.

 Java , ,

67

(scope) ,

.

,
. Fish, currentDepth
(member variable).
Fish,
(instance variables).
,
, , .
, System.out.println()
out, System.

! System,
? ,
static ().
static,
, .

.

, convertGrades()
ReportCard ,
,
. sqrt()
Math :
double squareRoot = Math.sqrt(4.0);

:
Java
new, :
Fish myFish = new Fish();

Fish ,
Fish(). , ,
(constructors) ,
:

 Java , ,

68

.

, .

,
void .

.
, Java
(default no-
argument constructor).
new Fish(), Fish
.
,
, , Fish
,
currentDepth
.
public class Fish extends Pet {
int currentDepth;
Fish(int startingPosition){
currentDepth=startingPosition;
}

FishMaster Fish
. Fish,
20 :
Fish myFish = new Fish(20);

, ,
.
- .

this
this ,
. :

 Java , ,

69

class Fish {
int currentDepth ;
Fish(int currentDepth){
this.currentDepth = currentDepth;
}

this

, this.currentDepth

currentDepth,
currentDepth




.

,
Fish
this.
this,
6 .

, o.
, String,
, String.
,
:
String [] players;

String players[];

Java,
players.
, .

 Java , ,

70

, String,
:
String players[] = new String [4];
players[0]
players[1]
players[2]
players[3]

=
=
=
=

"David";
"Daniel";
"Anna";
"Gregory";

, ,
. ,
. ,
Java, , ArrayList,
.

length,
, ,
:
int

totalPlayers = players.length;

,
, , Java
:
String [] players = {"David", "Daniel", "Anna", "Gregory"};

,
. ,
:
String theWinner = players[1];

 Java , ,

71

System.out.println(", " + theWinner + "!");

:
, Daniel!

, [1]? , ,
[0].

(one-dimensional),
.
, . Java
(multi-dimensional arrays).
, ,
10.

, -
. ,
.
- for:

int totalPlayers = players.length;
int counter;
for (counter=0; counter <totalPlayers; counter++){
String thePlayer = players[counter];
System.out.println(", "+ thePlayer+"!");
}

JVM ,
,
counter () .
:
,
. 0 (counter=0),
counter (counter++).
, counter totalPlayers (counter<totalPlayers).
- while.
,

 Java , ,

72

, .
,
while, , counter ()
totalPlayers:
int totalPlayers = players.length;
int counter=0;
while (counter< totalPlayers){
String thePlayer = players[counter];
System.out.println(", "+ thePlayer + "!");
counter++;
}

9 ,
.
, , ,
. ,
while.
: break
continue.

break , ,
(true). ,
, ,
.

, 0, 1 2,
- break
.
if.
counter 3.
, 3 counter.
== = if, ,
:
int counter =0;
while (counter< totalPlayers){
if (counter == 3){
break; //
}

 Java , ,

73

String thePlayer = players[counter];

System.out.println("Congratulations, "+thePlayer+ "!");
counter++;
}

continue ,
. ,
, continue
.
while (counter< totalPlayers){
counter++;
String thePlayer = players[counter];
if (thePlayer.equals("David"){
continue;
}
}

System.out.println("Congratulations, "+ thePlayer+ !");

while, do,
:
do {
// , -
} while (counter< totalPlayers);

,
. ,
. , while ,
, (false).

 Java , ,

74

Java:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/index.h
tml

1.
TemperatureConverter.
,
:

public String convertTemp

(int temperature, char convertTo)

convertTo F,

, C, .
,
char
.

2. convertGrades()
ReportCard
main().

 Java , ,

75

,
continue
counter++; ?

,
,
break?

 Java , ,

76

5.

ava ,

.
Java.

AWT Swing
Java
- AWT. , ,
Button (), TextField ( ), Label (
) .
, Swing.
,
.
J. , JButton, JTextField .

Swing , ,

JVM, Swing.

 Java , ,

77

import

Java ,
(packages).
,
. , String
java.lang java.lang.String.

Java , , java.lang,
String
,
,
, . ,
Swing
:
javax.swing
javax.swing.event

, ,
. ,
import ,
:
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JButton;
class Calculator{
JButton myButton = new JButton();
JFrame myFrame = new JFrame();
}

import
, JFrame JButton ,
.

,
import,
*.
, javax.swing :
import javax.swing.*;

 Java , ,

78

, import
. ,
.
10.

Swing

, Swing-
:

(frame),
JFrame.

(panel) , , pane
( ) , ,
.
JPanel.
, JButton,
JTextfield, JList, .

(layout managers) ,
.

, JPanel
.
.

 Java , ,

79

.
, .

, ,
(events),
.
,
.
Eclipse, My Calculator
SimpleCalculator :

 Java , ,

80

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
public class SimpleCalculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
JPanel windowContent= new JPanel();
//
FlowLayout fl = new FlowLayout();
windowContent.setLayout(fl);
//
JLabel label1 = new JLabel("Number 1:");
JTextField field1 = new JTextField(10);
JLabel label2 = new JLabel("Number 2:");
JTextField field2 = new JTextField(10);
JLabel label3 = new JLabel("Sum:");
JTextField result = new JTextField(10);
JButton go = new JButton("Add");
//
windowContent.add(label1);
windowContent.add(field1);
windowContent.add(label2);
windowContent.add(field2);
windowContent.add(label3);
windowContent.add(result);
windowContent.add(go);
//
JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First Calculator");
frame.setContentPane(windowContent);
//
frame.setSize(400,100);
frame.setVisible(true);
}

.
:

 Java , ,

81

, , ,
, .

.

.
,
. , ,
, (users). Java
(Layout Managers),
, .
, , ,

.

Swing :

FlowLayout

GridLayout

BoxLayout

BorderLayout

CardLayout

GridBagLayout

,
-

 Java , ,

82

(container), ,
SimpleCalculator.

FlowLayout -
e (
) . , , ,
,
. ,
.
, .
, .
java.awt.FlowLayout
.

, this
SimpleCalculator.

FlowLayout fl = new FlowLayout();
this.setLayoutManager(fl);

, FlowLayout
. - .

GridLayout -
java.awt.GridLayout ,
.
. ,
,
.
, .
(
):
GridLayout gr = new GridLayout(4,2);

 Java , ,

83

, :
GridLayout gr = new GridLayout(4,2,5,5);

( ),
.

SimpleCalculatorGrid
My Calculator.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
public class SimpleCalculatorGrid {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
JPanel windowContent= new JPanel();
//
GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(4,2);
windowContent.setLayout(gl);
//
JLabel label1 = new JLabel("Number 1:");
JTextField field1 = new JTextField(10);
JLabel label2 = new JLabel("Number 2:");
JTextField field2 = new JTextField(10);
JLabel label3 = new JLabel("Sum:");
JTextField result = new JTextField(10);
JButton go = new JButton("Add");
//
windowContent.add(label1);
windowContent.add(field1);
windowContent.add(label2);
windowContent.add(field2);
windowContent.add(label3);
windowContent.add(result);
windowContent.add(go);

 Java , ,

84

//
JFrame frame = new JFrame("My First Calculator");
frame.setContentPane(windowContent);

//
frame.setSize(400,100);
frame.setVisible(true);
}

SimpleCalculatorGrid, :

,
:

,
.

BorderLayout -
java.awt.BorderLayout ,
, , .
, , ,
. , ,

 Java , ,

85

, ,
, .

BorderLayout
:
BorderLayout bl = new BorderLayout();
this.setLayoutManager(bl);
JTextField txtDisplay = new JTextField(20);
this.add("North",
txtDisplay);

. ,
, , ..
.

BorderLayout ,
, Calculator.java.

, GridLayout
, ,
Microsoft Windows?

, ,
.
, .

 Java , ,

86

. :

BorderLayout , ,
.

JTextField ,
.

p1 GridLayout, 20

.

p2 GridLayout,
p2 .

,
:

Calculator . ,
, ,
.
import
import
import
public

javax.swing.*;
java.awt.GridLayout;
java.awt.BorderLayout;
class Calculator {

// .
JPanel windowContent;
JTextField displayField;
JButton button0;
JButton button1;
JButton button2;
JButton button3;
JButton button4;
JButton button5;
JButton button6;
JButton button7;

 Java , ,

JButton button8;
JButton button9;
JButton buttonPoint;
JButton buttonEqual;
JPanel p1;
//
//
// Borderlayout Gridlayout
Calculator(){
windowContent= new JPanel();
//
BorderLayout bl = new BorderLayout();
windowContent.setLayout(bl);
//
//
displayField = new JTextField(30);
windowContent.add("North",displayField);
// ,
// JButton,
//
button0=new JButton("0");
button1=new JButton("1");
button2=new JButton("2");
button3=new JButton("3");
button4=new JButton("4");
button5=new JButton("5");
button6=new JButton("6");
button7=new JButton("7");
button8=new JButton("8");
button9=new JButton("9");
buttonPoint = new JButton(".");
buttonEqual=new JButton("=");
// GridLayout
// 12 - 10
//
p1 = new JPanel();
GridLayout gl =new GridLayout(4,3);
p1.setLayout(gl);
//

p1
p1.add(button1);
p1.add(button2);
p1.add(button3);
p1.add(button4);
p1.add(button5);
p1.add(button6);
p1.add(button7);

87

 Java , ,

88

p1.add(button8);
p1.add(button9);
p1.add(button0);
p1.add(buttonPoint);
p1.add(buttonEqual);
// p1
windowContent.add("Center",p1);
//
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
frame.setContentPane(windowContent);
//
// ,
frame.pack();
// ,
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calc = new Calculator();
}

BoxLayout -

java.swing.BoxLayout
( ) ( ).
FlowLayout, BoxLayout
, .
BoxLayout (
GridLayout).
box layout
JPanel.
JPanel p1= new JPanel();
setLayout(new BoxLayout(p1, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

,
BoxLayout,
,
setLayout().

 Java , ,

89

GridBag Layout -
.


java.awt.GridBagLayout

.

, GridLayout
. ,
,
.

GridBagLayout - .
,
. GridBagLayout ,
GridBagConstraints ( ).
, ,
.
,
. , GridBagConstraints
gridWidth. -
, .

GridBagLayout
GridBagConstraints,
. ,
.

 Java , ,

90

, ,
, GridBagLayout.

// GridBagLayout
GridBagLayout gb = new GridBagLayout();
this.setLayout(gb);
// GridBagConstraints
//
//
GridBagConstraints constr = new GridBagConstraints();
//
// x
constr.x=0;
// y
constr.y=0;
// ,
constr.gridheight =1;
// 6
constr.gridwidth= 6;
//
constr.fill= constr.BOTH;
// ,
constr.weightx = 1.0;
// ,
constr.weighty = 1.0;
//
constr.anchor=constr.CENTER;
displayField = new JTextField();
//
gb.setConstraints(displayField,constr);
//
windowContent.add(displayField);

CardLayout
, ,
.
java.awt.CardLayout a,
, , .

 Java , ,

91

. ,
, ,
.
, " "
.

, ,
Swing .
JTabbedPane.

, ?
, !
a .
, . Java
null, .
,
, :
windowContent.setLayout(null);

, ,
, .
,
40 , 20, 100
200 :
JButton myButton = new Button("New Game");
myButton.setBounds(100,200,40,20);

Swing ,
Swing,
.
Swing. JButton,
JLabel JTextField. :

 Java , ,

92

JButton
JLabel
JCheckBox
JRadioButton
JToggleButton
JScrollPane
JSpinner
JTextField
JTextArea
JPasswordField
JFormattedTextField
JEditorPane
JScrollBar
JSlider
JProgressBar
JComboBox
JList
JTabbedPane
JTable
JToolTip
JTree
JViewPort
ImageIcon

(JMenu JPopupMenu),

,




(JInternalFrame) (JFileChooser,
JColorChooser JOptionPane).

Java ,
Swing .
, Java SDK, C:\Program
Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_19\demo\jfc\SwingSet3.
: https://swingset3.dev.java.net.
SwingSet3.html, , :

 Java , ,

93

,
, Swing .
,
, Source Code. ,
combobox ( ), ,
:

 Java , ,

94

Swing ,
. Swing ,
, .
,
.
Java
Swing. ,
Swing , Matisse.
Gigloo GUI Builder.

,
.

 Java , ,

95

1. Swing:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uis
wing/index.html
2. JFormattedTextField:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api
/javax/swing/JFormattedTextField.html

1. Calculator.java
+, -, /, *.
p2,

.


2.



JFormattedTextField
,

JTextField.
,
.

 Java , ,

96

Calculator.java ,

,
:

Buttons[] numButtons= new Buttons[10];

10 ,
button0=new JButton("0"); ,

.
:
- 7.

 Java , ,

97

6.

: , -
, . ,
5,
.
, ,
, .
Java, (listeners),
. ,
, .
,
, ,
,
.
MouseMotionListener . ,
.
ActionListener,
.
Java,
.

 Java , ,

98

,
, , ,
, .
.
,
,
, , :
interface MouseMotionListener {
void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e);
void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e);
}

, mouseDragged() mouseMoved()

, MouseMotionListener.

,
.
implements ,
, ,
:

 Java , ,

99

import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
class MyDrawingPad implements MouseMotionListener{
// ,
//
mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
// ,
// -
}
mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){
// ,
//
}

, ,
? , ,
, .
, ( JVM)
, MyDrawingPad
MouseMotionListener, ,
mouseDragged() mouseMoved().
, , JVM
mouseMoved() ,
. ,
mouseMoved(), movedMouse(),
mouseCrawling()? JVM ,
, .
Java , ,
:
class myDrawingProgram implements MouseMotionListener,
ActionListener {
//
// o ax
}

, ,
Java, ,
, , .

 Java , ,

100

ActionListener
.
, .
-, - ,
. -,
,
, Calculator.java,
.
CalculatorEngine, ,
java.awt.ActionListener
- actionPerformed(ActionEvent).
JVM ,
, - .
:
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {
}

(
Eclipse), , , ,
actionPerformed(ActionEvent e).
:
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
// ,
// , JVM
}
}

(a
message box) actionPerformed().
JOptionPane showConfirmDialog()
. ,
CalculatorEngine :

 Java , ,

101

showConfirmDialog(),
.
null , ,
,
, ,
(PLAIN_MESSAGE
, - OK).

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,
"Something happened...", "Just a test",
JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
}

,
, Something
happened.

ActionListener

,
actionPerformed()? JVM ,
CalculatorEngine (
)!
Calculator ,
:

 Java , ,

102

CalculatorEngine calcEngine = new CalculatorEngine();

button0.addActionListener(calcEngine);

, button0, JVM
actionPerformed() CalculatorEngine.
Calculator
Something happened!
,
. ,
:
button1.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button2.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button3.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button4.addActionListener(calcEngine);

- -?

, ,
. , JVM
- actionPerformed(ActionEvent),
ActionEvent.
,
-.

- casting

, ,
, getSource() ActionEvent.
evt -, -
. , Java,
getSource()
Object, Java,
.
, ,
. - ,
!
(we cast the type) Object
JButton, :

 Java , ,
JButton clickedButton =

103

(JButton) evt.getSource();

JButton ,
getSource() Object,
JVM: , ,
JButton.

Object JButton
getText(), JButton.
import
import
import
import

java.awt.event.ActionListener;
java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
javax.swing.JOptionPane;
javax.swing.JButton;

public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
//
JButton clickedButton= (JButton)e.getSource();
//
String clickedButtonLabel = clickedButton.getText();
//
JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,"You pressed " +
clickedButtonLabel,
"Just a test", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
}

, ,
:

 Java , ,

104

, ,
- ?
JButton!
Java, instanceof ,
.
, ,
JButton JTextField:
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt){
JTextField myDisplayField=null;
JButton clickedButton=null;
Object eventSource = evt.hetSource();
if (eventSource instanceof JButton){
clickedButton = (JButton) eventSource;
}else if (eventSource instanceof JTextField){
myDisplayField = (JTextField)eventSource;
}

, , .
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
Object src = e.getSource();
if (src == buttonPlus){
// ,
} else if (src == buttonMinus){
// ,
}else if (src == buttonDivide){
// -
} else if (src == buttonMultiply){
// ,
}

 Java , ,

105

-,
, ,
.
displayField Calculator
actionPerformed() CalculatorEngine. ,
CalculatorEngine ,
Calculator.
CalculatorEngine .
Calculator.
, ,
!
JVM CalculatorEngine
. Calculator CalculatorEngine,
:
CalculatorEngine calcEngine = new CalculatorEngine(this);

,
Calculator. CalculatorEngine
parent,
actionPerformed() .
parent.displayField.getText();

parent.displayField.setText(dispFieldText + clickedButtonLabel);

:

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JButton;
public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {
Calculator parent; // Calculator
//
// parent
CalculatorEngine(Calculator parent){
this.parent = parent;

 Java , ,

106

}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
//
JButton clickedButton = (JButton) e.getSource();
// ()
//
String dispFieldText = parent.displayField.getText();
//
String clickedButtonLabel = clickedButton.getText();
parent.displayField.setText(dispFieldText +
clickedButtonLabel);
}

- , ,
, .
Java Object, , ,
Fish Pet,
:
Fish myFish
Pet myFish

= new Fish();
= new Fish();

Object myFish = new Fish();

( ),
:
1. .

2. -
+, -, / or * ,
,
.


3.
.

 Java , ,

107

4.
double,
.
, 2.

5. 4
, 2.

CalculatorEngine.
, ,
actionPerformed()

selectedAction currentResult.

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JButton;
public class CalculatorEngine implements ActionListener {
Calculator parent;

//

char selectedAction = ' ';

double currentResult =0;

// +, -, /, *

//
//
CalculatorEngine(Calculator parent){
this.parent = parent;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
//
JButton clickedButton =

(JButton) e.getSource();

String dispFieldText=parent.displayField.getText();
double displayValue=0;
// ,
// .
//
if (!"".equals(dispFieldText)){
displayValue= Double.parseDouble(dispFieldText);

 Java , ,

108

}
Object src = e.getSource();
//
//
//
//

: +, -, /, *,
currentResult,

if (src == parent.buttonPlus){
selectedAction = '+';
currentResult=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText("");
} else if (src == parent.buttonMinus){
selectedAction = '-';
currentResult=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText("");
}else if (src == parent.buttonDivide){
selectedAction = '/';
currentResult=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText("");
} else if (src == parent.buttonMultiply){
selectedAction = '*';
currentResult=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText("");
} else if (src == parent.buttonEqual){
// ,
// selectedAction, currentResult
//
if (selectedAction=='+'){
currentResult+=displayValue;
// ,
//
parent.displayField.setText(""+currentResult);
}else if (selectedAction=='-'){
currentResult -=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText(""+currentResult);
}else if (selectedAction=='/'){
currentResult /=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText(""+currentResult);
}else if (selectedAction=='*'){

 Java , ,

109

currentResult*=displayValue;
parent.displayField.setText(""+currentResult);
}
} else{
//
//
String clickedButtonLabel= clickedButton.getText();
parent.displayField.setText(dispFieldText +
clickedButtonLabel);
}

-
:

Calculator :

.
CalculatorEngine.
CalculatorEngine .
,
.

Calculator:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
public class Calculator {
//
JButton button0=new JButton("0");
JButton button1=new JButton("1");
JButton button2=new JButton("2");

 Java , ,

JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton

button3=new JButton("3");
button4=new JButton("4");
button5=new JButton("5");
button6=new JButton("6");
button7=new JButton("7");
button8=new JButton("8");
button9=new JButton("9");
buttonPoint = new JButton(".");
buttonEqual=new JButton("=");

JButton
JButton
JButton
JButton

buttonPlus=new JButton("+");
buttonMinus=new JButton("-");
buttonDivide=new JButton("/");
buttonMultiply=new JButton("*");

110

JPanel windowContent = new JPanel();

JTextField displayField = new JTextField(30);
//
Calculator(){
//
BorderLayout bl = new BorderLayout();
windowContent.setLayout(bl);
//
windowContent.add("North",displayField);
// GridLayout
// 12 - 10 ,
//
JPanel p1 = new JPanel();
GridLayout gl =new GridLayout(4,3);
p1.setLayout(gl);
p1.add(button1);
p1.add(button2);
p1.add(button3);
p1.add(button4);
p1.add(button5);
p1.add(button6);
p1.add(button7);
p1.add(button8);
p1.add(button9);
p1.add(button0);
p1.add(buttonPoint);
p1.add(buttonEqual);
// p1
windowContent.add("Center",p1);

 Java , ,

111

// GridLayout
// 4 // , ,
JPanel p2 = new JPanel();
GridLayout gl2 =new GridLayout(4,1);
p2.setLayout(gl2);
p2.add(buttonPlus);
p2.add(buttonMinus);
p2.add(buttonMultiply);
p2.add(buttonDivide);
// p2
windowContent.add("East",p2);
// frame
frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
frame.setContentPane(windowContent);

JFrame

// ,
//
frame.pack();
//
frame.setVisible(true);
//
//
CalculatorEngine calcEngine = new CalculatorEngine(this);
button0.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button1.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button2.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button3.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button4.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button5.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button6.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button7.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button8.addActionListener(calcEngine);
button9.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonPoint.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonPlus.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonMinus.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonDivide.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonMultiply.addActionListener(calcEngine);
buttonEqual.addActionListener(calcEngine);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
Calculator calc = new Calculator();
}

 Java , ,

112

Calculator.
, . !
,
.
, , ,
. ,
Eclipse,
.

Java java.awt,
:

(FocusListener)
,
. , , ,
.

(ItemListener)
.

(KeyListener)
.

(MouseListener) ,
,
.

(MouseMotionListener)
, - .
(drag) .

(WindowListener)
, , ,
.

,
, .

 Java , ,

113

Interface

Methods to implement

FocusListener

focusGained(FocusEvent)

focusLost(FocusEvent)

ItemListener

itemStateChanged(ItemEvent)

KeyListener

keyPressed(KeyEvent)
keyReleased(KeyEvent)

keyTyped(KeyEvent)

mouseClicked(MouseEvent)
MouseListener
mouseEntered(MouseEvent)

mouseExited(MouseEvent)
mousePressed(MouseEvent)

mouseReleased(MouseEvent)

MouseMotionListener

mouseDragged(MouseEvent)

mouseMoved(MouseEvent)

WindowListener

(WindowEvent)
windowActivated

windowClosed(WindowEvent)
windowClosing(WindowEvent)
windowDeactivated
(WindowEvent)
windowDeiconified(WindowEvent)
windowIconified(WindowEvent)
windowOpened(WindowEvent)

 Java , ,

114

, FocusListener :
focusGained() focusLost(). ,

- ,
focusLost(). , Java
- ,
.

, - ,
.
, , WindowsListener
. ,
windowClosing()
.
java.awt , ,
(,
). WindowAdapter.
, ,
WindowAdapter , ,
windowClosing().
class MyEventProcessor extends java.awt.WindowsAdapter {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
// ,
//
}
}

,
:
MyEventProcessor myListener = new MyEventProcessor();
addWindowListener(myListener);

,
,
.

 Java , ,

115

:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/events/

-
Infinity.
CalculatorEngine,


,





,
.

CalculatorEngine ,

.

: indexOf()
String, ,
.

 Java , ,

116

7. -

,
Java
.
-. - ,
HTML,
() ,
. ,
HTML <applet>, ,
Java.

Java- ,
-, , JVM
, .

,
, , -

 Java , ,

117

,
.

, , -
Java , ,
- , -
.
:

,
,
.

,
.

.

,
Java, HTML, <applet>,
, -, Java.
Eclipse
, appletviewer.
, 15 ,
HTML.

HTML 15

, -
- (TicTacToe).
HTML .
TicTacToe.html (, Eclipse
).

HTML .html .htm.
(header) (body).
HTML ,
(/), <Head> </Head>.
TicTacToe.html :

<HTML>

<HEAD>
<TITLE>My First Web Page</TITLE>

 Java , ,

118

</HEAD>
<BODY>
My Tic-Tac-Toe game is coming soon
</BODY>
</HTML>

,
<Title> </Title>, . HTML - Java,
, .
- .
My First Web Page,
My Tic-Tac-Toe game is coming soon:

, -:
<HTML>
<BODY>
Here is my Tic-Tac-Toe game:
<APPLET code=TicTacToe.class width=300 height=250>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>

-:

 Java , ,

119

: -
TicTacToe, .
.

HTML ,
. <APPLET>
:

code - Java-.

width ,
.
, .

height - , .

Java- ,
jar,
JDK (Java Developer Kit Java).
, (archive) ,
. jar
.

 Java , ,

120

A AWT

AWT , ,
Swing ? , Swing?
, .

- JVM,
AWT, Swing,
. ,
JVM,
HTML, HTML ,
JVM,
? ,
, ,
.

-
,
, .
, -,

(
).

AWT,
, .

, . Java
.
JVM,
JVM,
. ,
( )
JVM .
: https://jdk6.dev.java.net/plugin2 .

Microsoft
Windows Java Control Panel - Java
Start | Control Panel. Advanced Java Plug-in
, Enable the next-generation Java Plug-
in. :
http://blogs.sun.com/thejavatutorials/entry/enabling_the_next_generation_j
ava .

 Java , ,

121

, Swing
. Java
. JavaFX , ,
: http://javafx.com/.

Java- AWT
java.applet.Applet, :

class TicTacToe extends java.applet.Applet {
}

Swing,
JApplet:
class TicTacToe extends javax.swing.JApplet {
}

Java,
main(), - ,
<applet>.
,
, , ,
. , ,

(callback methods): init(), start(), paint(), stop(),
destroy(). JVM -
:

init() , .
, ,
Java.

start() init().
,
.

 Java , ,

122

paint() ,
- .
, -
.
stop() , -
, .
destroy() , .
,
,
, ,
.

,
: init()
paint(). ,
, !.
paint() , Graphics
JVM -.
.
drawString(), , !.


public class HelloApplet extends java.applet.Applet {
public void paint(java.awt.Graphics graphics) {
graphics.drawString(", !", 70, 40);
}

Eclipse. Run Java
Applet , New,
HelloApplet Applet Class.

-,
Hello.html , :

<HTML>
<BODY>
Here is my first applet:<P>
<APPLET code=HelloApplet.class width=200 height=100>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>

 Java , ,

123

- Hello.html
File Open.
:

,
? !

 Java , ,

124

-
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
. -
,
:
3x3.
, .
, ,
.
,
. ,

.
,
. ,
New Game.
,
, ,
, ,
.
, ,

, ,
.
,
,
,
.

 Java , ,

125

,
,
, .

BorderLayout,
New Game.
, ,
:

init().
ActionListener actionPerformed().
lookForWinner() ,
, .

computerMove(),
.
Java Math random().
,
, :
if(squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[1].getLabel())){}

 Java , ,

126

,
,
:

String label0 = squares[0].getLabel();
String label1 = squares[1].getLabel();
if(label0.equals(label1)){}

Java ,
.
,
equals(),

getLabel().
,
.
.
/**
* - 3x3
*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class TicTacToe extends Applet implements ActionListener{
Button squares[];
Button newGameButton;
Label score;
int emptySquaresLeft=9;
/**
* init
*/
public void init(){
// ,
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
// ,
// 20
Font appletFont=new Font("Monospased",Font.BOLD, 20);
this.setFont(appletFont);
// New Game
//

 Java , ,
newGameButton=new Button("New Game");
newGameButton.addActionListener(this);
Panel topPanel=new Panel();
topPanel.add(newGameButton);
this.add(topPanel,"North");
Panel centerPanel=new Panel();
centerPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));
this.add(centerPanel,"Center");
score=new Label("Your turn!");
this.add(score,"South");
// , 9
squares=new Button[9];
// ,
// ,
//
for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
squares[i]=new Button();
squares[i].addActionListener(this);
squares[i].setBackground(Color.ORANGE);
centerPanel.add(squares[i]);
}
}
/**
*
* @param ActionEvent
*/
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
Button theButton = (Button) e.getSource();
// New Game ?
if (theButton ==newGameButton){
for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
squares[i].setEnabled(true);
squares[i].setLabel("");
squares[i].setBackground(Color.ORANGE);
}
emptySquaresLeft=9;
score.setText("Your turn!");
newGameButton.setEnabled(false);

127

 Java , ,

return;

128

//

String winner = "";

// ?
for ( int i=0; i<9; i++ ) {
if (

theButton == squares[i] ) {

squares[i].setLabel("X");
winner = lookForWinner();
if(!"".equals(winner)){
endTheGame();
} else {
computerMove();
winner = lookForWinner();

if ( !"".equals(winner)){
endTheGame();
}

break;
}
} // for
if ( winner.equals("X") ) {
score.setText("You won!");
} else if (winner.equals("O")){
score.setText("You lost!");
} else if (winner.equals("T")){
score.setText("It's a tie!");
}
} // actionPerformed

/**
*
*
*
*
*
*/

, ,
. ,
,
( )
@return "X", "O", "T" , "" -

String lookForWinner() {
String theWinner = "";
emptySquaresLeft--;

 Java , ,

if (emptySquaresLeft==0){
return "T"; // . T tie
}

// 1 0,1,2
if (!squares[0].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[1].getLabel()) &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[2].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[0].getLabel();
highlightWinner(0,1,2);
// 2 3,4,5
} else if (!squares[3].getLabel().equals("")

&&

squares[3].getLabel().equals(squares[4].getLabel()) &&
squares[3].getLabel().equals(squares[5].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[3].getLabel();
highlightWinner(3,4,5);
// 3 6,7,8
} else if ( ! squares[6].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[6].getLabel().equals(squares[7].getLabel()) &&
squares[6].getLabel().equals(squares[8].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[6].getLabel();
highlightWinner(6,7,8);
// 1 0,3,6
} else if ( ! squares[0].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[3].getLabel()) &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[6].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[0].getLabel();
highlightWinner(0,3,6);
// 2 1,4,7
} else if ( ! squares[1].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[1].getLabel().equals(squares[4].getLabel()) &&
squares[1].getLabel().equals(squares[7].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[1].getLabel();
highlightWinner(1,4,7);
// 3 2,5,8
} else if ( ! squares[2].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[2].getLabel().equals(squares[5].getLabel()) &&
squares[2].getLabel().equals(squares[8].getLabel())) {

129

 Java , ,

theWinner = squares[2].getLabel();
highlightWinner(2,5,8);
// 0,4,8
} else if ( ! squares[0].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[4].getLabel()) &&
squares[0].getLabel().equals(squares[8].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[0].getLabel();
highlightWinner(0,4,8);
// 2,4,6
} else if ( ! squares[2].getLabel().equals("") &&
squares[2].getLabel().equals(squares[4].getLabel()) &&
squares[2].getLabel().equals(squares[6].getLabel())) {
theWinner = squares[2].getLabel();
highlightWinner(2,4,6);

return theWinner;
}
/**
* ,
* .
* , .
*/
void computerMove() {
int selectedSquare;
//
// ,
selectedSquare = findEmptySquare("O");
//
//
//
if

,
3-
,
( selectedSquare == -1 )
selectedSquare =

findEmptySquare("X");

}
// selectedSquare -1,
//
if ( (selectedSquare == -1)
&&(squares[4].getLabel().equals("")) ){
selectedSquare=4;
}

130

 Java , ,

131

// ...
//
if ( selectedSquare == -1 ){
selectedSquare = getRandomSquare();
}
squares[selectedSquare].setLabel("O");

/**
* ,
* ,
* .
* @param
X O
* @return ,
*
-1,
*

*/
int findEmptySquare(String player) {
int weight[] = new int[9];
for ( int i = 0; i < 9; i++ ) {
if ( squares[i].getLabel().equals("O") )
weight[i] = -1;
else if ( squares[i].getLabel().equals("X") )
weight[i] = 1;
else
weight[i] = 0;
}
int twoWeights = player.equals("O") ? -2 : 2;
// , 1
// .
if ( weight[0] + weight[1] + weight[2] == twoWeights ) {
if ( weight[0] == 0 )
return 0;
else if ( weight[1] == 0 )
return 1;
else
return 2;
}
// , 2
// .
if (weight[3] +weight[4] + weight[5] == twoWeights) {
if ( weight[3] == 0 )
return 3;
else if ( weight[4] == 0 )
return 4;
else
return 5;
}

 Java , ,

// , 3
// .
if (weight[6] + weight[7] +weight[8] == twoWeights ) {

if ( weight[6] == 0 )
return 6;
else if ( weight[7] == 0 )
return 7;
else
return 8;

// , 1
// .
if (weight[0] + weight[3] + weight[6] == twoWeights) {
if ( weight[0] == 0 )
return 0;
else if ( weight[3] == 0 )
return 3;
else
return 6;
}
// , 2
// .
if (weight[1] +weight[4] + weight[7] == twoWeights ) {

if ( weight[1] == 0 )
return 1;
else if ( weight[4] == 0 )
return 4;
else
return 7;

// , 3
// .
if (weight[2] + weight[5] + weight[8] == twoWeights ){
if ( weight[2] == 0 )
return 2;
else if ( weight[5] == 0 )
return 5;
else
return 8;
}
// , 1
// .
if (weight[0] + weight[4] + weight[8] == twoWeights ){

132

 Java , ,

if ( weight[0] == 0 )
return 0;
else if ( weight[4] == 0 )
return 4;
else
return 8;

// , 2
// .
if (weight[2] + weight[4] + weight[6] == twoWeights ){
if ( weight[2] == 0 )
return 2;
else if ( weight[4] == 0 )
return 4;
else
return 6;
}
//
return -1;
} // findEmptySquare()
/**
*
* @return
*/
int getRandomSquare() {
boolean gotEmptySquare = false;
int selectedSquare = -1;
do {
selectedSquare = (int) (Math.random() * 9 );
if (squares[selectedSquare].getLabel().equals("")){
gotEmptySquare = true; //
}
} while (!gotEmptySquare );
return selectedSquare;
} // getRandomSquare()
/**
* .
* @param ,
*/
void highlightWinner(int win1, int win2, int win3) {

133

 Java , ,

134

squares[win1].setBackground(Color.CYAN);
squares[win2].setBackground(Color.CYAN);
squares[win3].setBackground(Color.CYAN);
}
// New Game
void endTheGame(){
newGameButton.setEnabled(true);
for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
squares[i].setEnabled(false);
}
}
} //

! Java!
Swing, Button
JButton, Panel JPanel, .. ,
-, :
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/applet.
Eclipse,
TicTacToe.html, ,
TicTacToe.html TicTacToe.class
. TicTacToe
, , ,
, .
TicTacToe ,
,
,
,
. ,
.

Java:

http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/deployment/
applet/

 Java , ,

135

Math
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/lang/Math.
html

1.
TicTacToe
.


,

.
,
You won You lost.

2.
,
. !
,
. ,
.

3. main() TicTacToe,

, Java-.

 Java , ,

136

1. TicTacToe,
,

JButton squares[]
3x3:

JButton squares[][]
2.
.

 Java , ,

137

8.

, Java-.

, .
(run-time errors),
, , .
, Java- . ,
- ?
, ,
, :
, - ,

scores.txt.
,
,
?
, .

. Java
, .
Java
(exceptions),
(exception handling). ,
, try/catch.
JVM :
, - , ,
:
try{
fileScores.read();
} catch (IOException e){
System.out.println(
" ,

 Java , ,

138

scores.txt");
}

9,
I/O / (input/output).
( ) /,
IOException ,
/.
(throws) .
.
catch ,
catch.
, ,
.
, ,
.

,
,
.
(stack trace).
, ,
, .

TestStackTrace,
( ).

1 class TestStackTrace{
2
TestStackTrace()
3
{
4
divideByZero();
5
}
6
7
int divideByZero()
8
{
9
return 25/0;
10
}
11
12
static void main(String[]args)
13
{
14
new TestStackTrace();
15
}
16 }

 Java , ,

139

,
.
, .

Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at TestStackTrace.divideByZero(TestStackTrace.java:9)
at TestStackTrace.<init>(TestStackTrace.java:4)
at TestStackTrace.main(TestStackTrace.java:14)

, main(),
init() ,
divideByZero(). 14, 4 9 ,
. ,
ArithmeticException, 9
.

Java ,
(
):

 Java , ,

140

Exception
(checked exceptions), . ..
- ,
, .

Error JVM,
.

TooManyBikesException ( )
, .

, Java-
,

 Java , ,

141

try/catch? ! ,
, Java
, :

"ScoreReader.java": unreported exception:
java.io.IOException; must be caught or declared to be
thrown at line 57

,
,
Java.
.

try/catch
Java
: try, catch, finally, throw throws.

try catch,
, .
, ,


,



FileNotFoundException. , ,
,
EOFException.

,

.
.

public void getScores(){
try{
fileScores.read();
System.out.println(" ");
}catch(FileNotFoundException e){
System.out.println(" Scores");
}catch(EOFException e1){
System.out.println(" ");
}catch(IOException e2){
System.out.println(" " +
e2.getMessage());
}
}

 Java , ,

142

read() ,
println() catch
. ,
println(), catch
, getScores() ,
.

catch,
, ,
. , EOFException
IOException, catch
. catch IOException,
FileNotFound EOFException,
catch .

Java 7,
catch:
public void getScores(){
try{
fileScores.read();
System.out.println(" ");
}catch(FileNotFoundException | EOFException |
IOException e){
System.out.println(" " +
e.getMessage());
}
}

getScores() :

public void getScores(){
try{
fileScores.read();
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println((" " +
e.getMessage());
}

.
, , -
, .

 Java , ,

143

catch Exception,
, getMessage()
. ,
, toString():
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(" " + e.toString());
}

,
printStackTrace(). ,
, ,
.

6.
Calculator abc.

- :
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "abc" at
java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormat
Exception.java:48)
at
java.lang.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDeci
mal.java:1213)
at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:202)
at
CalculatorEngine.actionPerformed(CalculatorEngine.java:27)
at
javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(AbstractButt
on.java:1764)

.


actionPerformed()

CalculatorEngine :

displayValue= Double.parseDouble(dispFieldText);

dispFieldTest ,
parseDouble() double
NumberFormatException.

 Java , ,

144

,
. ,
parseDouble() try/catch, Eclipse
.
. Source and Surround with
try/catch block. ! :

try {

displayValue= Double.parseDouble(dispFieldText);
} catch (NumberFormatException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}

printStackTrace() :
javax.swing.JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,
", ", " ",
javax.swing.JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
return;

, :

NumberFormatException .

throws
,
, , , e .

 Java , ,

145

, (),
.
throws.
.

read() IOException,
, .
, getAllScores()
IOException:

class MySuperGame{

void getAllScores() throws IOException{

// try/catch,
//
file.read();
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MySuperGame msg = new MySuperGame();
System.out.println(" ");
try{
// getAllScores() ,
//
msg.getAllScores();
}catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(
", ");
}

getAllScores(), IOException
main().
.

finally
try/catch
:

 Java , ,

146

try ,
.

try return
.

try ,
catch,
,
, .

, ,
finally:

try{

file.read();

}catch(Exception e){
printStackTrace();
}finally{
// ,
// , file.close();
}

finally,
, .
, finally ,
- , ,
.

,
. ,
finally catch:

void myMethod () throws IOException{
try{
}

// ,

finally{
// ,
}

 Java , ,

147

throw
,
, .
,
, , .

throw ()
() Java-. ,
, . ,
,
Throwable. Java
.

getAllScores()
IOException, Exception
main().
, main() ,
getAllScores() try/catch,
Exception, ,
, . main()
,
.
class ScoreList{
//

 Java , ,

148

static void getAllScores() throws Exception{

try{
file.read();//
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Exception (
" , Scores ");
}

public static void main(String[] args){

System.out.println("Scores");
try{
getAllScores();
}catch(Exception e1){
System.out.println(e1.getMessage());
}
}

,
,
e1.getMessage()

, ,
, Java.

 Java , ,

149

. ,

. ,
.

,
FireBird. Exception
TooManyBikesException. , -
, :

class TooManyBikesException extends Exception{
//
TooManyBikesException (){
//
// ,
super(
" .");
}
}

, ,
.
. catch ,
, , getMessage().
, OrderWindow
.
,
actionPerformed(), ,
.
, checkOrder()

,





TooManyBikesException. ,
,
catch. .
class OrderWindow implements ActionListener{
// .
//
String selectedModel = txtFieldModel.getText();
String selectedQuantity = txtFieldQuantity.getText();
int quantity = Integer.parseInt(selectedQuantity);

 Java , ,

150

void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

try{
bikeOrder.checkOrder("FireBird", quantity);
//
txtFieldOrderConfirmation.setText(
" ");
} catch(TooManyBikesException e){
txtFieldOrderConfirmation.setText(e.getMessage());
}

void checkOrder(String bikeModel, int quantity)

throws TooManyBikesException{
// , ,
// .
// , :
throw new TooManyBikesException(" "
+ quantity + " " + bikeModel +
" " );
}

.
. ,
Java , ,
.

:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/ess
ential/exceptions/index.html

 Java , ,

151

1.

Swing-

.

,

.

2.
OrderWindow TooManyBikesException.



,

.

1.
,




,
, ,
.
2. Swing-
JComboBox ItemListener
,
.

 Java , ,

152

9.

, ,

. , ,
,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
, (streams).
, (
, ). ,
,
, . ,
,
scores.txt, .
,
, ..
, , String, int, double
,
Java, , , , .
java.io.
java.nio.
, ,
:

, .
.
.

 Java , ,

153

, ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
- , .
,
, Java
FileInputStream FileOutputStream.
,
FileInputStream abc.gif
c:\practice. Microsoft Windows,
Java,
,
: c:\\practice.
, ,
, .
0 255.
ByteReader , .
, ByteReader
finally. close()
try/catch ,
finally. ,
close()


!

,


FileInputStream.read() .
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ByteReader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream myFile = null;
try {
// ,
myFile = new FileInputStream("c:\\temp\\abc.gif");

 Java , ,

154

while (true) {
int intValueOfByte = myFile.read();
System.out.print(" " + intValueOfByte);
if (intValueOfByte

== -1){

//
break;
}
} // while
// myFile.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(" : "
+ e.toString());
} finally{
try{
myFile.close();
} catch (Exception e1){
e1.printStackTrace();

System.out.println(
" ");
}

,
, xyz.dat,
FileOutputStream:
int somedata[]= {56,230,123,43,11,37};
FileOutputStream myFile = null;
try {
// xyz.dat,
//
myFile = new

FileOutputStream("xyz.dat");

for (int i = 0; i <some data.length; i++){

file.write(data[i]);

 Java , ,

155

}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(" : "+
e.toString());
} finally{
try{
myFile.close();
} catch (Exception e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}

, .
, 1000 ,
ByteReader 1000 .
,
.
, Java ,
" ".

BufferedInputStream
FileInputStream.
,
read()
.
, ,
. ,
. , FileInputStream
BufferedInputStream, read():
FileInputStream myFile = null;
BufferedInputStream buff =null;
try {
myFile = new

FileInputStream("abc.dat");

 Java , ,

156

// FileInputStream BufferedInputStream
buff = new BufferedInputStream(myFile);
while (true) {
int byteValue = buff.read();
System.out.print(byteValue + " ");
if (byteValue
break;

== -1)

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
buff.close();
myFile.close();
} catch(IOException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}

? JVM, 600
, . ,
5000 ,
:
BufferedInputStream buff = new BufferedInputStream(myFile, 5000);

,
.
BufferedOutputStream ,
, , FileOutputStream.
int somedata[]= {56,230,123,43,11,37};
FileOutputStream myFile = null;
BufferedOutputStream buff =null;
try {
myFile = new

FileOutputStream("abc.dat");

//
buff = new BufferedOutputStream(myFile);
for (int i = 0; i <somedata.length; i++){

 Java , ,

157

buff.write(somedata[i]);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
buff.flush();
buff.close();
myFile.close();

} catch(IOException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}

,
, BufferedOutputStream,
flush().

ByteReader abc.gif ,
, , (
) . ,
, xyz.gif,
, .
,
.

Java
, :

java ByteReader xyz.gif

main() xyz.gif.
, main() :

public static void main(String[] args) {}

, String, JVM
. ,

 Java , ,

158

. , ,
.

,
,
:

public class TestArguments {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// ?
int numberOfArgs = args.length;
for (int i=0; i<numberOfArgs; i++){
System.out.println("Ive got " + args[i]);
}
}

, ,
xyz.gif 250. JVM
xyz.gif args[0], args[1].

(String).
, :

int myScore = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);

,
. main().
,

, System.exit():

public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length != 2){

 Java , ,

159

System.out.println(
", , :");
System.out.println("java TestArguments xyz.gif 250");
//
System.exit(0);
}

. ,
,
.

Eclipse, ,
. Run
Configurations, (x)=Arguments
Program Arguments.

 Java , ,

160

VM arguments JVM.
, ,
, JVM, ..

.

Java ,
FileReader FileWriter
.
, read(), ,
readLine(). FileReader FileWriter

 Java , ,

161

, BufferedReader BufferedWriter,
.

ScoreReader
scores.txt . ,
readLine() null,
.

, c:\scores.txt,
:

David 235
Brian 190
Anna 225
Zachary 160

ScoreReader,
.
. , ,
.

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ScoreReader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileReader myFile = null;
BufferedReader buff = null;
try {
myFile=new FileReader("c:\\scores.txt");
buff = new BufferedReader(myFile);
while (true) {
// scores.txt
String line = buff.readLine();
//
if (line == null) break;
System.out.println(line);
} // while

 Java , ,

162

}catch (IOException e){

e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try{
buff.close();
myFile.close();
}catch(IOException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}

} // main

,
write()
FileWriter. ,
String .
FileWriter (overloaded)
. , ,
:
FileWriter fOut = new FileWriter("Scores.txt");

,
(true ,
):

FileWriter fOut = new FileWriter("Scores.txt", true);

, ScoreWriter
scores c:\scores.txt.
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ScoreWriter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileWriter myFile = null;
BufferedWriter buff = null;
String[] scores = new String[3];

 Java , ,

163

//
scores[0] = "Mr. Smith 240";
scores[1] = "Ms. Lee 300";
scores[2] = "Mr. Dolittle 190";
try {
myFile = new FileWriter("c:\\scores2.txt");
buff = new BufferedWriter(myFile);
for (int i=0; i < scores.length; i++) {
// scores2.txt
buff.write(scores[i]);
System.out.println("

" + scores[i] );

}
System.out.println(" ");
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try{
buff.flush();
buff.close();
myFile.close();
}catch(IOException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}

} // main

Mr. Smith 240

Ms. Lee 300

Mr. Dolittle 190

 Java , ,

164

File
java.io.File ,
, ,
.. ,

, . ,
File, ,
exists(). true, abc.txt
,
:
File aFile = new File("abc.txt");
if (aFile.exists()){
// a JOptionPane
//
}

File, ,
,
. ,
createNewFile().
File.

createNewFile()

delete()

,

File. ,
.

renameTo()

length()

exists()

true,

list()

 Java , ,

165

/,

lastModified()

mkDir()

customers.txt
customers.txt.bak. .bak ,
.
File file = new File("customers.txt");
File backup = new File("customers.txt.bak");
if (backup.exists()){
backup.delete();
}
file.renameTo(backup);

Java 7 Files,
, . File,
Files , .
Path
, .
Customers.txt Windows :
Path pathCustomers=
FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(.,c\\Customers.txt);
Path pathCustomers=
FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(.,/Customers.txt);

:

List customers=
Files.readAllLines(pathCustomers,Charset.defaultCharset());

, :
byte[] customers=Files.readAllBytes(pathCustomers);

:
Reader reader=
Files.newBufferedReader(pathCustomers, Charset.defaultCharset());

 Java , ,

166

Customers.txt :
Path fileName= Paths.get(c:\\Customers.txt);
Path customers=Paths.createFile(fileName);

, Java ,
.
. , NASA Java
. ,
. J

1. JVM
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/environm
ent/cmdLineArgs.html

2.

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/essential/io/filestreams
.html

 Java , ,

167

FileCopy,

.
( )
read() write()
.


, :
java FileCopy c:\\temp\\scores.txt
c:\\backup\\scores2.txt

Swing,

,


JFileChooser,


.




Browse.


.

,

Copy,



actionPerformed()
.

 Java , ,

168

,
/.

 Java , ,

169

10.

Java . -.
, Java
.

. Java
,
. , 15.06.2011 15 2011. Java
, .
java.util.Date java.text.SimpleDateFormat
.
,
:
Date today = new Date();
System.out.println( ": " + today );

:
: Sat Oct 08 20:41:44 MSD 2011
SimpleDateFormat
. ,
.
format(),

 Java , ,

170

Date.
.
import java.util.Date;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
public class MyDateFormat {
public static void main( String [] args ) {
// Date
//
Date today = new Date();
System.out.println( ": " + today );
// , 10-08-11
SimpleDateFormat sdf= new SimpleDateFormat("MM-dd-yy");
String formattedDate=sdf.format(today);
System.out.println( "(--): " + formattedDate );
// , 08-10-2011
sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
formattedDate=sdf.format(today);
System.out.println( "(--): " + formattedDate );
// , , 27, 11
sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, MMM d, ''yy");
formattedDate=sdf.format(today);
System.out.println(
" ( , , ') "+ formattedDate);
// , 07:18:51 AM
sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("hh:mm:ss a");
formattedDate=sdf.format(today);
System.out.println( " (::) "+ formattedDate );
}

MyDateFormat,
- :
: Sat Oct 08 20:54:37 MSD 2011
(--): 10-08-11
(--): 08-10-2011

 Java , ,

171

( , , ') , 8, '11
(::) 08:54:37 PM
Java SimpleDateFormat
. , ,
Java java.util.Calendar.

,
.
(method overloading). , println()
System :
String, int, char .

System.out.println("!");
System.out.println(250);
System.out.println('A');

,
println(), .
, ,
, printString(), printInt(), printChar()?
,
, .
, ,
. (polymorfism)
.

, Fish 4, dive(),
:

public int dive(int howDeep)

,
. 5 ,
100 .
Fish final DEFAULT_DIVING
( ),
.

 Java , ,

172

Fish dive().
public class Fish extends Pet {
int currentDepth=0;
final int DEFAULT_DIVING = 5;
public int dive(){
currentDepth=currentDepth + DEFAULT_DIVING;
if (currentDepth > 100){
System.out.println(" " +
" 100 ");
currentDepth=currentDepth - DEFAULT_DIVING;
}else{
System.out.println(" " +
DEFAULT_DIVING + " ");
System.out.println(" " + currentDepth +
" ");
}
return currentDepth;

public int dive(int howDeep){

currentDepth=currentDepth + howDeep;
if (currentDepth > 100){
System.out.println(" " +
" 100 ");
currentDepth=currentDepth - howDeep;
}else{
System.out.println(" "+howDeep+" .");
System.out.println(" " + currentDepth +
" . ");
}
return currentDepth;
}

 Java , ,

173

public String say(String something){

return " , ?";
}
// constructor
Fish(int startingPosition){
currentDepth=startingPosition;
}

FishMaster
dive():

public class FishMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Fish myFish = new Fish(20);
myFish.dive(2);
myFish.dive();

//

myFish.dive(97);
myFish.dive(3);
myFish.sleep();
}

,
. JVM
. ,
Fish ( ),
FishMaster
:

Fish myFish = new Fish(20);

Fish myFish = new Fish();

 Java , ,

174

,
,
. FishMaster
, Fish.
: ?,
.


System.out. , out
java.io.OutputStream. ,
System.in. , ,
, in java.io.InputStream.

FishMaster
. ,

Enter, JVM InputStream
.


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class FishMaster {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Fish myFish = new Fish(20);
String feetString="";
int feet;
// InputStreamReader,
// System.in
// BufferedReader
BufferedReader stdin = new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//
// "Q"
while (true) {
System.out.println(" . ?");

 Java , ,

175

try {
feetString = stdin.readLine();
if (feetString.equals("Q")){
//
System.out.println("!");
System.exit(0);
}else {
// feetString
// , feet
feet = Integer.parseInt(feetString);
myFish.dive(feet);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();

}
} // while
} // main

FishMaster
:

. ?
14
14 .
34 .
. ?
30
30 .
64 .
. ?
Q
!

FishMaster BufferedReader,
System.in.

 Java , ,

176

. ?
readLine() ,
Enter.
String, FishMaster
int dive() Fish.
, Q,
. feetString.equals("Q")
feetString String Q.

, ,
readLine().
System.in.read(), ,
, .

,
, , ,
. ,
, (),
. Java
. , java.io ,
/. javax.swing
Swing.

Eclipse PingPong.
: screens engine.
PingPongTable Package
screens:

 Java , ,

177

Finish () Eclipse ,
.
package screens;
public class PingPongTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}

 Java , ,

178

, package,

.
, Eclipse
screens PingPongTable.java.





c:\eclipse\workspace\PingPong\screens PingPongTable.java
PingPongTable.class.

PingPongEngine,
engine. PingPong
:

 Java , ,

179

(,
, ), PingPongTable
PingPongEngine, import.

package screens;
import engine.PingPongEngine;
public class PingPongTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PingPongEngine gameEngine = new PingPongEngine();
}

Java .

, .

Java,
: public, private, protected package.

 Java , ,

180

PingPongEngine public. ,
.
public
PingPongEngine. PingPongTable
, PingPongEngine cannot be
resolved to a type ( PingPongEngine) The
type
engine.PingPongEngine
is
not
visible
(

engine.PingPongEngine ). ,
PingPongTable PingPongEngine.
,
package. ,
, ().
,
PingPongEngine, PingPongTable ,
, .
- ,
.

private
. .
,
, , ,
.
. Java
, Car public
brake(),
, .

 Java , ,

181

, ,





. ,
Java ,
, .
public class Car {
// private
//
private String brakesCondition;
// public brake() private ,
// ,
public void brake(int pedalPressure){
boolean useRegularBrakes;
useRegularBrakes=checkForAntiLockBrakes (pedalPressure);
if (useRegularBrakes==true){
useRegularBrakes();
}else{
useAntiLockBrakes();
}

// private , -
//
private boolean checkForAntiLockBrakes(int pressure){
if (pressure > 100){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}

// private
//
private void useRegularBrakes(){
// ,
}

 Java , ,

182

// private
//
private void useAntiLockBrakes(){
// ,

Java protected
.
, -
, ,
. ,
.
-
.
.
,
.
,

, .

 Java , ,

183

Score,
private.

9 ScoreWriter String
. ,
.

.
, ,
.

Score.
(getter) (setter) ,
private. ,
,
, , :

Score.score = 250;

:
Score.setScore(250);

, ,
, 500 ?
Score setScore(), ,
. ,
.


setScore() .
,
.
?

. , setter-
,
.

import java.util.Date;

 Java , ,

public class Score {

private
private
private
private

String firstName;
String lastName;
int score;
Date playDate;

public String getFirstName(){

return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName){
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName(){
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName){
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public int getScore(){
return score;
}
public void setScore(int score){
this.score=score;
}
public Date getPlayDate(){
return playDate;
}
public void setPlayDate(Date playDate){
this.playDate=playDate;
}
// (String)
// .
// ,

184

 Java , ,

185

// ,
// System.out.println(myScore.toString());
public String toString(){
String scoreString = firstName + " " +
lastName + " " + score + " " + playDate +
System.getProperty("line.separator");
return scoreString;
}
}

ScoreWriter2 Score
.

import
import
import
import

java.io.FileWriter;
java.io.BufferedWriter;
java.io.IOException;
java.util.Date;

public class ScoreWriter2 {

/** main :
1.
2. Score
3.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileWriter myFile = null;
BufferedWriter buff = null;
Date today = new Date();
Score scores[] = new Score[3];
// The player #1
scores[0]=new Score();
scores[0].setFirstName("");
scores[0].setLastName("");
scores[0].setScore(250);
scores[0].setPlayDate(today);
// The player #2
scores[1]=new Score();
scores[1].setFirstName("");
scores[1].setLastName("");
scores[1].setScore(300);
scores[1].setPlayDate(today);
// The player #3
scores[2]=new Score();
scores[2].setFirstName("");

 Java , ,

186

scores[2].setLastName("");
scores[2].setScore(190);
scores[2].setPlayDate(today);
try {
myFile = new FileWriter("c:\\scores2.txt");
buff = new BufferedWriter(myFile);
for (int i=0; i < scores.length; i++) {

// String
// scores2.txt
buff.write(scores[i].toString());
System.out.println(" " +
scores[i].getLastName() );

System.out.println(" ");
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try{
buff.flush();
buff.close();
myFile.close();
}catch(IOException e1){
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

,
, , scores[5].getLastName(),
Java ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

ArrayList

java.util ,
,
() .
: ArrayList, HashTable, HashMap
List. , java.util.ArrayList.

 Java , ,

187

,
. ,
, :
String[] myFriends = new String[5];

ArrayList
, , .
, .
?
ArrayList! ,
. ArrayList
, . ,
,
int ( -
- autoboxing).
ArrayList,
. ,
ArrayList,
add(). ,
ArrayList String
.

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class ArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ArrayList
ArrayList friends = new ArrayList();
friends.add("");
friends.add("");
friends.add("");
friends.add("");
// ?
int friendsCount = friends.size();
// ArrayList
for (int i=0; i<friendsCount; i++){
System.out.println(" " + i + " "+friends.get(i));
}
}

 Java , ,

0
1
2
3

188

get() ArrayList ,
.
, get()
Object.
.
,
friends String.
Java
Object String. ,
ArrayList , , Fish,

Fish , FishTank,
.
Fish,
,
ArrayList fishTank.
,
Fish .
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class FishTank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList fishTank = new ArrayList();
Fish theFish;
Fish aFish = new Fish(20);
aFish.color = "";
aFish.weight = 2;
fishTank.add(aFish);
aFish = new Fish(10);
aFish.color = "";
aFish.weight = 5;
fishTank.add(aFish);

 Java , ,

189

int fishCount = fishTank.size();

for (int i=0;i<fishCount; i++){

theFish = (Fish) fishTank.get(i);
System.out.println(" "+ theFish.color +
" " + theFish.weight + " . :"
+ theFish.currentDepth);
}
}

FishTank:
2.0 . :20
5.0 . :10

, Java,
Pet Fish. age,
color, weight height
protected, , -
. currentDepth private.
public , , getAge(),
age, setAge(),
.

.
,
. Score
private ,
getter-
setter- .
Java,
, , .







Java.
,
.

 Java , ,

190

1. Java:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/col
lections/intro/index.html
2. ArrayList:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api
/java/util/ArrayList.html
3. :
http://www.vogella.de/articles/JavaDateTimeA
PI/article.html
4. Calendar:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api
/java/util/Calendar.html

1.
( ) Fish.


10 . FishMaster

Fish
, :
Fish myFish = new Fish();

2. Score
.
ScoreWriter3,
Score
setter-, ,
:

Score

aScore

new

Score("",

 Java , ,

191

"", 250, today);

HashMap.

HashMapDemo,
ArrayListDemo,
.

 Java , ,

192

11. .
-

5, 6 7

AWT Swing . ,
, ,
. , ,
. ,
-.
, .

, (
) 21 .
.
.
N , Q
S .
.
, ,
, .

 Java , ,

193

,
.
,
.
, .

, ,

. ,



.








,

.

,
,

.





,




.

,

( ),
,
(
).
1.
? (/)? .
2.
,
(/)?
.
3.
(/)?
.
4.
(/)?
.


!

.

:
PingPongGreenTable .
, .

 Java , ,

194

PingPongGameEngine,
, , .

PingPongGreenTable,
.

GameConstants ,
, ,
..

-:

:
-.
, .
.


PingPongGreenTable, JPanel
Swing. , .

 Java , ,

195

, PingPongGreenTable
- PingPongGameEngine.
,
.
addPaneltoFrame() ,
.
, paint(),
paintComponent(). JVM,
, ,
repaint(). , , repaint()
paintComponent()
Graphics, .

.
, ,
fillRect().
X Y ,
.
fillOval(),
, .
, .
X , Y
. , 100
, 70:

X Y .
getPreferredSize(). ,
, Dimension
Swing. Java ,
getPreferredSize()

 Java , ,

196

PingPongGreenTable. Dimension,
.
PingPongGreenTable PingPongGameEngine
, . ,
PingPongGreenTable ,
PingPongGameEngine ,
, .
( final) .
GameConstants.
, implements
GameConstants
final ,
! PingPongGreenTable
PingPongGameEngine GameConstants.
, ,
,
GameConstants.





PingPongGreenTable GameConstants.

package screens;

import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

javax.swing.JPanel;
javax.swing.JFrame;
javax.swing.BoxLayout;
javax.swing.JLabel;
javax.swing.WindowConstants;
java.awt.Point;
java.awt.Dimension;
java.awt.Container;
java.awt.Graphics;
java.awt.Color;
engine.PingPongGameEngine;

/**
-
,
*/
publicclass PingPongGreenTable extends JPanel
implements GameConstants{
JLabel label;
public Point point = new Point(0,0);

 Java , ,

197

public int ComputerRacket_X =15;

private int kidRacket_Y =KID_RACKET_Y_START;
Dimension preferredSize= new Dimension(TABLE_WIDTH,TABLE_HEIGHT);
//
// Java
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return preferredSize;
}
//. .
PingPongGreenTable(){
PingPongGameEngine gameEngine =new PingPongGameEngine(this);
//
addMouseListener(gameEngine);
//
addMouseMotionListener(gameEngine);
}
// JLabel
void addPaneltoFrame(Container container) {
container.setLayout(new BoxLayout(container,
BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
container.add(this);
label = new JLabel("Click to see coordinates");
container.add(label);
}
// .
// ,
// repaint() PingPointGameEngine
publicvoid paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//
g.fillRect(0,0,TABLE_WIDTH,TABLE_HEIGHT);
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
//
g.fillRect(KID_RACKET_X_START,kidRacket_Y,5,30);
g.setColor(Color.blue);

 Java , ,

198

//
g.fillRect(ComputerRacket_X,100,5,30);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(25,110,10,10); //
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.drawRect(10,10,300,200);
g.drawLine(160,10,160,210);
// 2x2
if (point != null) {
label.setText("Coordinates (x,y): " + point.x +
", " + point.y);
g.fillRect(point.x, point.y, 2, 2);
}
}
//
public void setKidRacket_Y(int xCoordinate){
this.kidRacket_Y = xCoordinate;
}
//
public int getKidRacket_Y(int xCoordinate){
return kidRacket_Y;
}
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
//
JFrame f = new JFrame("Ping Pong Green Table");
// ,
//
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
PingPongGreenTable table = new PingPongGreenTable();
table.addPaneltoFrame(f.getContentPane());
//
f.pack();
f.setVisible(true);
}

 Java , ,

199

GameConstants.
. final
:
package screens;
public interface GameConstants {

public
public
public
public
public
public
public

final
final
final
final
final
final
final

int
int
int
int
int
int
int

TABLE_WIDTH = 320;
TABLE_HEIGHT = 220;
KID_RACKET_Y_START = 100;
KID_RACKET_X_START = 300;
TABLE_TOP = 12;
TABLE_BOTTOM = 180;
RACKET_INCREMENT = 4;

,
final. , ,
, , TABLE_WIDTH
TABLE_HEIGHT GameConstants.
PingPongGameEngine,
2 , .
MouseListener mousePressed().

. ,
,
MouseEvent , JVM.
mousePressed()
point. , ,
.

MouseMotionListener ,
mouseMoved()
.
mouseMoved() .
( Y
, Y ), ,
.

PingPongGreenTable
PingPongGameEngine,
( this
PingPongGreenTable). , PingPongGameEngine
, ,

 Java , ,

200

, .
, 6
.
4 ,
GameConstants ( PingPongGameEngine
). , 4
kidRacket_Y:

kidRacket_Y -= RACKET_INCREMENT;

, Y 100,
96 .
:

kidRacket_Y = kidRacket_Y - RACKET_INCREMENT;

,
3.
PingPongGameEngine.

package engine;
import
import
import
import

java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
java.awt.event.MouseListener;
java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
screens.*;

public class PingPongGameEngine implements

MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, GameConstants{
PingPongGreenTable table;
public int kidRacket_Y = KID_RACKET_Y_START;
// .
public PingPongGameEngine(PingPongGreenTable greenTable){
table = greenTable;
}
// MouseListener
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// X Y
// " "
table.point.x = e.getX();
table.point.y = e.getY();

 Java , ,

201

// paintComponent()
table.repaint();
}
public
public
public
public

void
void
void
void

mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {};
mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {};
mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {};
mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {};

// MouseMotionListener
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
int mouse_Y = e.getY();
//
//
// ,
if (mouse_Y < kidRacket_Y && kidRacket_Y > TABLE_TOP){
kidRacket_Y -= RACKET_INCREMENT;
}else if (kidRacket_Y < TABLE_BOTTOM) {
kidRacket_Y += RACKET_INCREMENT;
}
//
table.setKidRacket_Y(kidRacket_Y);
table.repaint();

}
}

.
, , .
,
(a thread).
,
, , , ,
.

 Java , ,

202

, : ,
.

, o
(CPU). , , ,
, , ,
..
,
(multiple threads).
Java- ,
.

,
web-. -,
.
-
.
, .
, ,
, .

 Java , ,

203

Kill Time,
,

.

.
NoThreadsSample
, .
, .
, ,
. ,
JTextField
.
,
.
import
import
import
import

javax.swing.*;
java.awt.GridLayout;
java.awt.event.ActionListener;
java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class NoThreadsSample extends JFrame

implements ActionListener{
//
NoThreadsSample(){
//
GridLayout gl =new GridLayout(2,1);
this.getContentPane().setLayout(gl);
JButton myButton = new JButton("Kill Time");
myButton.addActionListener(this);

this.getContentPane().add(myButton);
this.getContentPane().add(new JTextField());

//
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
// ,
// ,
for (int i=0; i<300000;i++){
this.setTitle("i="+i);

 Java , ,

204

}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
NoThreadsSample myWindow = new NoThreadsSample();
// ,
myWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

//
//
myWindow.setBounds(0,0,150, 100);
//
myWindow.setVisible(true);
}

,
, .

:

Java- Thread ,
Runnable.
Runnable, :
Thread worker = new Thread(this);

run() ,
.
worker.start();

Thread run().
, , start().

public class MyThread extends Thread{

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread worker = new MyThread();
worker.start();
}
public void run(){

 Java , ,

205

//
}

ThreadsSample ,
JFrame,
Java .
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
public class ThreadsSample extends JFrame
implements ActionListener, Runnable{
//
ThreadsSample(){
//
GridLayout gl =new GridLayout(2,1);
this.getContentPane().setLayout(gl);
JButton myButton = new JButton("Kill Time");
myButton.addActionListener(this);
this.getContentPane().add(myButton);
this.getContentPane().add(new JTextField());

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

//
//
Thread worker = new Thread(this);
worker.start(); // run()
}
public void run(){
// , ,
//
for (int i=0; i<300000;i++){
this.setTitle("i="+i);
}

 Java , ,

206

public static void main(String[] args) {

ThreadsSample myWindow = new ThreadsSample();
//,
myWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(
WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//
myWindow.setBounds(0,0,150, 100);
myWindow.setVisible(true);
}

Kill Time, ThreadsSample

. ,
.
( ), !

,
,
.

,
-.
PingPongGreenTable.

.
point ,
paintComponent(). ,
MouseListener, .

,
(N , S Q
). addKeyListener().

, ,
repaint() PingPongGameEngine

PingPongGreenTable.
,

,
PingPongGreenTable .

 Java , ,

207

, ,
.

package screens;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

javax.swing.JPanel;
javax.swing.JFrame;
javax.swing.BoxLayout;
javax.swing.JLabel;
javax.swing.WindowConstants;
java.awt.Dimension;
java.awt.Container;
java.awt.Graphics;
java.awt.Color;
engine.PingPongGameEngine;

/**
* -,
, ,
*/
public class PingPongGreenTable extends JPanel
implements GameConstants{
private
private
private
private
private

JLabel label;
int computerRacket_Y = COMPUTER_RACKET_Y_START;
int kidRacket_Y = KID_RACKET_Y_START;
int ballX = BALL_START_X;
int ballY = BALL_START_Y;

Dimension preferredSize = new

Dimension(TABLE_WIDTH,TABLE_HEIGHT);
// .
public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
return preferredSize;
}
// . .
PingPongGreenTable(){
PingPongGameEngine gameEngine = new PingPongGameEngine(this);
//
addMouseMotionListener(gameEngine);
//
addKeyListener(gameEngine);
}
// JLabel
void addPaneltoFrame(Container container) {

 Java , ,

208

container.setLayout(new BoxLayout(container,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
container.add(this);
label = new JLabel(
"Press N for a new game, S to serve or Q to quit");
container.add(label);
}
// .
// ,
// repaint() PingPointGameEngine
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);
//
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(0,0,TABLE_WIDTH,TABLE_HEIGHT);
//
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillRect(KID_RACKET_X, kidRacket_Y,
RACKET_WIDTH, RACKET_LENGTH);
//
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillRect(COMPUTER_RACKET_X, computerRacket_Y,
RACKET_WIDTH,RACKET_LENGTH);
//
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(ballX,ballY,10,10);
//
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.drawRect(10,10,300,200);
g.drawLine(160,10,160,210);
// ,
//
requestFocus();
}
//
public void setKidRacket_Y(int yCoordinate){
this.kidRacket_Y = yCoordinate;
repaint();
}

//
public int getKidRacket_Y(){

 Java , ,

209

return kidRacket_Y;
}
//
public void setComputerRacket_Y(int yCoordinate){
this.computerRacket_Y = yCoordinate;
repaint();

//
public void setMessageText(String text){
label.setText(text);
repaint();
}
//
public void setBallPosition(int xPos, int yPos){
ballX=xPos;
ballY=yPos;
repaint();

public static void main(String[] args) {

//
JFrame f = new JFrame("Ping Pong Green Table");
// ,
//
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
PingPongGreenTable table = new PingPongGreenTable();
table.addPaneltoFrame(f.getContentPane());
//
f.setBounds(0,0,TABLE_WIDTH+5, TABLE_HEIGHT+40);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}

final GameConstants,
, .

package screens;

/**
* ,
*/
public interface GameConstants {
//
public final int TABLE_WIDTH =

320;

 Java , ,

210

public final int TABLE_HEIGHT = 220;

public final int TABLE_TOP = 12;
public final int TABLE_BOTTOM = 180;
//
public final int BALL_INCREMENT = 4;
//
public final int BALL_MIN_X =
public final int BALL_MIN_Y =
public final int BALL_MAX_X =
public final int BALL_MAX_Y =

1+ BALL_INCREMENT;
1 + BALL_INCREMENT;
TABLE_WIDTH - BALL_INCREMENT;
TABLE_HEIGHT - BALL_INCREMENT;

//
public final int BALL_START_X = TABLE_WIDTH/2;
public final int BALL_START_Y = TABLE_HEIGHT/2;
//,
public
public
public
public
public
public
public
public

final
final
final
final
final
final
final
final

int
int
int
int
int
int
int
int

KID_RACKET_X = 300;
KID_RACKET_Y_START = 100;
COMPUTER_RACKET_X = 15;
COMPUTER_RACKET_Y_START = 100;
RACKET_INCREMENT = 2;
RACKET_LENGTH = 30;
RACKET_WIDTH = 5;
WINNING_SCORE = 21;

// ,
//
public final int SLEEP_TIME = 10; //

,
PingPongGameEngine:

MouseListener ,
.
MouseMotionListener.

Runnable,
run().
. run()
,
if(ballServed).
if(ballServed==true).

, ,
canBounce .
,
true, false.

 Java , ,

211

KeyListener,
keyPressed() ,
/ , .
, ,
N n.

private : displayScore(),
kidServe() isBallOnTheTable().
,

. .|




,

.
Thread.sleep().
sleep()
.

,
.
X , Y.

package engine;
import
import
import
import
import

java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
java.awt.event.KeyListener;
java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
screens.*;

/**
* .
* , .
*/
public class PingPongGameEngine implementsRunnable,
MouseMotionListener, KeyListener, GameConstants{
private
private
private
private
private
private
private
private
private

PingPongGreenTable table; //
int kidRacket_Y = KID_RACKET_Y_START;
int computerRacket_Y=COMPUTER_RACKET_Y_START;
int kidScore;
int computerScore
int ballX;
// X
int ballY;
// Y
boolean movingLeft = true;
boolean ballServed = false;

 Java , ,

212

//
private int verticalSlide;
// .
public PingPongGameEngine(PingPongGreenTable greenTable){
table = greenTable;
Thread worker = new Thread(this);
worker.start();
}
// MouseMotionListener
// ( , )
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
int mouse_Y = e.getY();
//
// ,
//
if (mouse_Y<kidRacket_Y && kidRacket_Y>TABLE_TOP){
kidRacket_Y -= RACKET_INCREMENT;
}elseif (kidRacket_Y < TABLE_BOTTOM) {
kidRacket_Y += RACKET_INCREMENT;
}
//
table.setKidRacket_Y(kidRacket_Y);
}
// KeyListener
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
char key = e.getKeyChar();
if ('n' == key || 'N' == key){
startNewGame();
} elseif ('q' == key || 'Q' == key){
endGame();
} elseif ('s' == key || 'S' == key){
kidServe();
}

 Java , ,

213

}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){}
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e){}
//
public void startNewGame(){
computerScore=0;
kidScore=0;
table.setMessageText("Score Computer: 0
}

Kid: 0");

kidServe();

//
public void endGame(){
System.exit(0);
}

// run() Runnable
public void run(){
boolean canBounce=false;
while (true) {
if(ballServed){ //

// 1. ?
if ( movingLeft && ballX > BALL_MIN_X){
canBounce = (ballY >= computerRacket_Y &&
ballY < (computerRacket_Y + RACKET_LENGTH)?true: false);
ballX-=BALL_INCREMENT;
//
//
ballY-=verticalSlide;
table.setBallPosition(ballX,ballY);
// ?
if (ballX <= COMPUTER_RACKET_X

&& canBounce){

movingLeft=false;
}
}
// 2. ?
if ( !movingLeft && ballX <= BALL_MAX_X){
canBounce = (ballY >= kidRacket_Y && ballY <

 Java , ,

214

(kidRacket_Y + RACKET_LENGTH)?true:false);

ballX+=BALL_INCREMENT;
table.setBallPosition(ballX,ballY);
// ?
if (ballX >= KID_RACKET_X && canBounce){
movingLeft=true;
}

// 3. ,
//
if (computerRacket_Y < ballY
&& computerRacket_Y < TABLE_BOTTOM){
computerRacket_Y +=RACKET_INCREMENT;
}else if (computerRacket_Y > TABLE_TOP){
computerRacket_Y -=RACKET_INCREMENT;
}
table.setComputerRacket_Y(computerRacket_Y);
// 4.
try {
Thread.sleep(SLEEP_TIME);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 5. , ,
if (isBallOnTheTable()){
if (ballX > BALL_MAX_X ){
computerScore++;
displayScore();
}else if (ballX < BALL_MIN_X){
kidScore++;
displayScore();
}

} // if ballServed
} // while
}// run()

 Java , ,

215

//
private void kidServe(){
ballServed = true;
ballX = KID_RACKET_X-1;
ballY=kidRacket_Y;
if (ballY > TABLE_HEIGHT/2){
verticalSlide=-1;
}else{
}

verticalSlide=1;

table.setBallPosition(ballX,ballY);
table.setKidRacket_Y(kidRacket_Y);

private void displayScore(){
ballServed = false;
if (computerScore ==WINNING_SCORE){
table.setMessageText("Computer won! " + computerScore +
":" + kidScore);
}else if (kidScore ==WINNING_SCORE){
table.setMessageText("You won! "+ kidScore +
":" + computerScore);
}else{
table.setMessageText("Computer: "+ computerScore +
" Kid: " + kidScore);
}

// ,
private boolean isBallOnTheTable(){
if (ballY >= BALL_MIN_Y && ballY <= BALL_MAX_Y){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
}

 Java , ,

216

! .
. ,
, , ,
.

, Robocode
, Java, :
http://robocode.sourceforge.net/?Open&ca=daw-prod-robocode

Java:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/socket-
140484.html

Java:

http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/j-dw-
javathread-i.html

java.awt.Graphics:
http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/G
raphics.html

 Java , ,

217

1. PingPongGameEngine

:
table.point.x = e.getX();
point
PingPongGreenTable
public setPointCoordinates(int
x, int y).

PingPongGameEngine.
2. - :
, ,
S .
.

1.



RACKET_INCREMENT BALL_INCREMENT.
,
. ,
1 10.

.
2.
,
.
,
,
.

 Java , ,

218

A. Java - JARs

. USB
flash drive, CD,
.
, -
.

,

,

.

Java
jar,
Java
.jar.

jar
,
WinZip ( 2-
) .

,
jar.

1. , jar
.class, , ,
:

jar cvf myClasses.jar *.class

 Java , ,

219

jar .
, v
, f ,
.


. ,
myClasses.jar,
:

jar xvf myClasses.jar

. x
.

jar-
, , t .

jar tvf myClasses.jar

, WinZip
, , jar-.

Java
, jar-.
, jar,
,
.

Jar java-:

http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/tools
/windows/jar.html

 Java , ,

220

.
Eclipse

Eclipse ,

Java .
Eclipse, ,
,
.


, .


F3. ,
.


, ,
.

Ctrl-F11,
.

, Eclipse

.

, ,
Ctrl-. ,





Ctrl-V.

 Java , ,

, , ,
Refactor
Rename . Eclipse
, .

jar- (,
- ),
, Properties, Java Build Path
Add External Jars.

221

Eclipse

, 50 ,
, ,
.
(. bug), -
. ,
. ,
(. debug)
.

. ,
, 2, 22.
,
.
,

.

 Java , ,

222

, Eclipse
FishMaster .

(breakpoint) , ,
, /
, .
, ,
,
. FishMaster,
myFish.dive(2).
. , Run, Debug....
FishMaster Debug.

FishMaster
myFish.dive(2),
.

, :

 Java , ,

223

,
. ,
. Variables,
myFish. ..
Fish,
, , currentDepth=20.


.
. ( F5),
dive(). ,
howDeep=2, .
this ,
.

, ,
. ,
, .
- ,
- .

 Java , ,

224

, ,
( F6).

,
F8.

, ,
, .
,
,
.

? ,
,
. , ,
main() ,
.

 Java , ,

225

.
-

- HTML (

JavaScript), ,
.. HTML 7,
-,
HTML. : www.w3schools.com.
, - ,
- ,
, . HTML,
. , ,
- Java (
!) HTML .

, -, ,
HTML
, ,
. , ,
() ,
.
-.

-, -
.
, , HTML
. :

 Java , ,

226

( ).

,
.

- (URL)
,
.

,
, .


100 ,
.

,
.

,
.
FTP-.

FTP- FTP
Explorer, www.ftpx.com.
-
FTP- FTP Explorer
, , . ,
Connection Tools (
).

 Java , ,

227

Add ,
, -.
Profile Name .
,
FTP-.

Connect
. ,
.

. ,
.
, HTML
. ,
Open.
.

 Java , ,

228

,
.

index.html. URL
, .
,
www.xyz.com/~David
myMainPage.html,




www.xyz.com/~David/myMainPage.html. ,
index.html,
www.xyz.com/~David. , ,
. , , ,
.
, .

-, ,
JavaScript. , Java
- .

,
HTML , .
(http://narod.yandex.ru/) . .

 Java , ,

229

1. How to make/create you own Web site:

http://www.thesitewizard.com/gettingstarted/startwebsite.shtml

2.The World Wide Web

http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_www.asp

-
- 7. ,
,
TicTacToe.html
TicTacToe.class.

, , . -
, ? Java Tutorial. 24-Hour
Trainer. DVD,
.
- .
. URL :

http://www.amazon.com/Java-Programming-24-Hour-Trainer-
Yakov/dp/04708896402

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 Java , ,

230

!, 63
&&, 63
||, 62
Access Levels, 176
ActionListener, 100
actionPerformed, 100
Adapters, 114
algorithm, 124
argument, 38
array, 69, 70, 71
ArrayList, 186, 187, 188
arrays, 183
AWT, 76
BorderLayout, 84, 125
BoxLayout, 88
break, 66, 72
Buffered Streams, 155
BufferedInputStream, 155
BufferedOutputStream, 157
callback methods, 121
CardLayout, 90
Casting, 102
catch, 142, 144
checked exceptions, 140
CLASSPATH, 18, 20
conditional if, 63
constructor, 67, 68
continue, 72, 73
date, 169
Debug, 222
do while, 73
Download Eclipse, 23
Eclipse, 23
else if, 64
encapsulation, 182, 183
events, 79
Exception, 140, 143
exceptions, 137
extends, 52, 55

File, 164
FileInputStream, 153
FileOutputStream, 154
FileReader, 160
FileWriter, 160
finally, 145, 146
FlowLayout, 82
frame, 78
FTP, 227
GridBagConstraints, 89
GridBagLayout, 89
GridLayout, 82
HelloWorld, 36
HTML, 116, 117, 119, 122
I/O, 138
IDE, 23
implement, 98
implements, 98
import, 77
instance, 105
instance variables, 67
instanceof, 104
interfaces, 97
jar, 218
javadoc, 59
JDK, 14
JRE, 21, 30
JVM, 13
Layout manager, 78
listeners, 101
Logical Operators, 62
Loops, 71
member variable, 67
method overloading, 171
method signature, 36
new, 67
Object, 54
override, 56
packages, 176, 178
panel, 78

 Java , ,

PATH, 20
private, 179, 180, 189
Program Arguments, 159
protected, 179, 182
public, 36, 179
run-time errors, 137
scope, 67
showConfirmDialog, 100
stack trace, 138
static, 36, 67
streams, 152
Swing, 76, 93
switch, 65
system variables, 17
this, 68
thread, 201, 204
throw, 147
throws, 144
TicTacToe, 117
time, 169
try, 141, 144, 146
try/catch, 141
void, 36, 49
WindowsListener, 114
, 120
, 47
, 40
, 225
, 98
, 19
, 46
, 40
-, 114
, 59

231

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, 173
, 63
, 62
, 63
, 48
, 40
, 52
, 43
if, 60
, 221
, 48
, 43
, 56
, 125
, 97
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112
, 112
, 112
, 112
, 112
, 112
, 97
-, 52
, 81
, 42
while, 72
for, 71
, 160
, 105
, 43