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PE Civil Exam 40- M ix Quest ions & Answ ers ( pdf Format )
For Breat h Exam (M orning Session) Set #- 3
















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Breadt h Exam ( morning session) : This pract ice exam cont ains 40 mixed
quest ions and answers, each set being from all five areas of civil
engineering:


Table Cont ent s: Page




1. Const ruct ion- 8 Q & A 3

2. Geot echnical- 8 Q & A 11

3. St ruct ural- 8 Q & A 21
4. Transport at ion- 8 Q & A 25
5. Wat er Resources and Environment al- 8 Q & A 39


















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I . Const ruct ion


1. PROBLEM ( Eart h Work)

A borrow pi t cont our el evat i on has been shown in t he fi gure; it has t o be
cut . What is t he average vol ume ( yds
3
) cut from t he borrow pi t ?
.

a. V= 11333 yds
3

b. V= 5666 yds
3

c. V= 7536 yds
3

d. V= 2833 yds
3


1. Solut ion:


Area of each gri d, A= 60x60= 3600 ft
2

V= ( 1x5+ 2x7+ 1x9+ 2x6+ 1x5+ 1x7+ 3x8+ 1x9) x [ ( 3600/ ( 4x27) ] = 2833 yds
3


Tot al Vol ume of Borrow pi t , V= 2833 yds
3


Correct Answer is ( d)

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2 PROBLEM ( Eart h Work)

AS shown in t he Fi gure, t he embankment has t o be const ruct ed, t he soil s
dry unit weight i s 106 l b/ ft
3
, moi st er cont ent i s 12.5%. The average area
i s A1= 625 ft
2
at st at i on 5+ 00 and A2= 560 ft
2
at st at i on 7+ 00. What i s
t he vol ume ( yd
3
) of embankment ?

a. V= 2194 yd
3

b. V= 4389 yd
3

c. V= 3567 yd
3

d. V= 7895 yd
3









2 Solut ion:

L= 700- 500= 200 ft
Embankment volume ( yd
3
) , V = { ( A1+ A2) / 2} x L/ 27
V = { ( 625+ 560) / 2} x 200/ 27= 4389 yd
3



Correct Answer is ( b)






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3. PROBLEM ( Quant it y Est imat e)

Fi nd t he wei ght for a 26 gage 14" gal vani zed spi ral duct work whi ch i s 150'
l ong wi t h a 15% wast e for bracing, hangers, wast e, and seams.

a. 574 l bs
b. 551 l bs
c. 633 l bs
d. 474 l bs


3. Solut ion:

Galvanized Sheet , Weight per Unit
Area= 0.9062 lbs/ ft
Duct Lengt h, L= 150 ft
Duct diamet er, D= 14" / 12 = 1.17 ft .
Duct perimeter, P=D= 3.14 x 1.17
= 3.68 ft .
Tot al duct area, A= PxL = 3.68 x150
= 551 sq. ft .
Add 15% wast e for bracing, hangers,
wast e, and seams
Area = 551 x ( 1 + 15%)
= 633.73 sq. ft .
Weight = 633.73x 0.906 = 574 lbs.









Correct Answer is ( a)

Gauge
Number
St eel
Wei ght
i n
pounds
per
square
foot
US
St andard
Gauge:
t hi ckness
i n i nches
Manuf act u
rers'
St andard:
t hi ckness
i n i nches
Gal vani zed
Sheet :
wei ght i n
l bs/ sq ft
St ai nl ess
St eel :
wei ght i n
l bs/ sq ft
10 5. 62 0. 1406 0. 1345 5. 7812 5. 7937
11 5 0. 125 0. 1196 5. 1562 5. 15
12 4. 37 0. 1094 0. 1046 4. 5312 4. 5063
13 3. 75 0. 0937 0. 0897 3. 9062 3. 8625
14 3. 12 0. 0781 0. 0747 3. 2812 3. 2187
15 2. 81 0. 0703 0. 0673 2. 9687 2. 8968
16 2. 5 0. 0625 0. 0598 2. 6562 2. 575
17 2. 25 0. 0562 0. 0538 2. 4062 2. 3175
18 2 0. 05 0. 0478 2. 1562 2. 06
19 1. 75 0. 0437 0. 0418 1. 9062 1. 8025
20 1. 5 0. 0375 0. 0359 1. 6562 1. 545
21 1. 37 0. 0344 0. 0329 1. 5312 1. 416
22 1. 25 0. 0312 0. 0299 1. 4062 1. 2875
23 1. 12 0. 0281 0. 0269 1. 2812 1. 1587
24 1 0. 025 0. 0239 1. 1562 1. 03
25 0. 875 0. 0219 0. 0209 1. 0312 0. 9013
26 0. 75 0. 0187 0. 0179 0. 9062 0. 7725
27 0. 687 0. 0172 0. 0164 0. 8437 0. 7081
28 0. 625 0. 0156 0. 0149 0. 7812 0. 6438
29 0. 562 0. 0141 0. 0135 0. 7187 0. 5794
30 0. 5 0. 0125 0. 012 0. 6562 0. 515









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4. PROBLEM ( Mat erial Test ing)

Whi ch of t he foll owing st at ement s is not t rue for measuring asphalt bit umen
t est ?

a. The penet rat i on t est has performed t o measures t he consist ency
( hardness) of asphalt at a specifi ed t est condi t i on.
b. The fl ash point t est det ermines t he t emperat ure t o whi ch an asphalt can
be safely heat ed i n t he presence of an open flame
c. The bit umen cont ent of a bi t uminous mat eri al i s measured by means of
it s sol ubilit y in Carbon Di oxi de.
d. The duct ilit y t est can measures t he di st ance a st andard asphal t sampl e
will st ret ch wi t hout breaking under a st andard t est ing condi t i on ( 5
cm/ min at 25 C) .


4. Solut ion:

C i s not t rue. The bi t umen cont ent of a bi t umi nous mat eri al i s measured
by means of i t s solubilit y i n Carbon Di sulfi de.

Correct Answer is ( c)






















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5. PROBLEM ( Quant it y Take- Off)

A 5- st or ied apar t ment building has t o be built , building foot ings layout wit h cr oss-
sect ion is shown in t he Figur e. How much volume of concr et e is r equir ed for
building t he foundat ion up t o Gr ound Level ( G. L. ) wit h a 10% wast age?


a. 351 ft
3

b. 324 ft
3

c. 342 ft
3

d. 376 ft
3


5. Solut ion:

Tot al number of foot ing = 9 Nos.
Volume of each foot ing wit h ext ended column= 6x6x1+ 1x1( 3- 1) = 38ft
3

Tot al volume= 38x9x ( 1+ 10% wast age) = 376. 2 ft
3


Correct Answer is ( d)
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6. PROBLEM ( Time- Cost Trade- Off)

A subcont r act or has t he t ask of er ect ing 8000 squar e met er of met als scaffolds. The
cont r act or can use sever al cr ews wit h var ious cost s. I t is expect ed t hat t he
pr oduct ion will var y wit h t he cr ew size as given below:

Est imat ed daily
pr oduct ion
( squar e met er )
Cr ew size
( men)
Cr ew for mat ion
160

5

1 scaffold set , 2 labor s, 2 carpent er , 1
for eman
200

6

2 scaffold set , 3 labor s, 2 carpent er , 1
for eman
240

7

2 scaffold set , 3 labor s, 3 carpent er , 1
for eman

Consider t he following r at es:
Scaffolding $70/ day;
Labor $90/ day;
Car pent er $130/ day and
For eman $140/ day.
Det er mine t he least dir ect cost of t his act ivit y consider ing t he differ ent cr ews
for mat ion.

a. $32400. 00
b. $32500. 00
c. $32900. 00
d. $32300. 00


6. Solut ion:

The calculat ions ar e shown in t he following t able.

Cr ew size Dur at ion ( days)

Cost ( $)
5

8000/ 160= 50 days

50 x ( 1x70 + 2x90 + 2x130 + 1x140) =
32500

6

8000/ 200= 40 days

40 x ( 2x70 + 3x90 + 2x130 + 1x140) =
32400

7

8000/ 230= 35 days

35 x ( 2x70 + 3x90 + 3x130 + 1x140) =
32900



Correct Answer is ( a)
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7. PROBLEM ( Sit e Layout And Cont rol)

All r esident ial development s ar eas t o pr ovide t wo Deep Soil Zones ( D. S. Z) ; one t o
t he r ear and one t o t he fr ont of t he proper t y. Which of t he following st at ement s is
not t r ue for t he Deep Soil Zones ( D. S. Z) ?




a. Rear Deep Soil Zones ar e t o have minimum widt h of 8m or 30% of t he average
widt h of t he sit e which ever is t he gr eat er and a minimum dept h of 18% of t he
lengt h of t he sit e up t o 8m but not less t han 5. 5m. Gr eat er t han 8m may be
pr ovided if desir able.
b. Deep Soil Zones must be pr ovided for all new development s only, except on
lar ge lot r ur al or agr icult ur ally zoned land.
c. Fr ont Deep Soil Zones ar e t o be t he widt h of t he sit e boundar y minus t he
dr iveway widt h and t he pat hway widt h by t he fr ont set back dept h.
d. Deep Soil Zones cannot be cover ed by imper vious sur faces such as concr et e,
t er r aces, out buildings or ot her st r uct ur es.

7. Solut ion:

Deep Soil Zones must be pr ovided for all new development s and exist ing
development , except on lar ge lot r ur al or agr icult ur ally zoned land.

Correct Answer is ( b)








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8. PROBLEM ( Sit e Layout And Cont rol)

Which of t he following st at ement s is not applicable for Tempor ar y Access Roads
Const r uct ion?

a. Tempor ar y r oads shall follow t he cont our of t he nat ur al t er r ain t o t he ext ent
possible. Slopes should not exceed 10 per cent .
b. A 6- inch cour se of Coar se Aggr egat e shall be applied immediat ely aft er
gr ading or t he complet ion of ut ilit y inst allat ion wit hin t he r ight - of- way. Filt er
fabr ic may be applied t o t he r oadbed for addit ional st abilit y.
c. Roadbeds shall be at least 12 feet wide for one- way t raffic and 18 feet wide
for t wo- way t raffic.
d. All cut s and fills shall be 2: 1 or flat t er t o t he ext ent possible.



8. Solut ion:

Roadbeds shall be at least 14 feet wide for one- way t raffic and 20 feet wide for
t wo- way t r affic.

Correct Answer is ( c)


























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I I . Geot echnical

9. PROBLEM ( Soil Classificat ion)

A soil sample has t he following pr oper t ies by t he Unified Soil Classif icat ion Syst em.
LL = 42, PL = 31. What is t he soil classif icat ion?

a. CH
b. MH
c. ML
d. CL

9. Solut ion: Fr om plast icit y Char t , LL= 42, PL= 31; PI = 42- 31= 11, ML.




Correct Answer is ( c)
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10. PROBLEM ( Boring Log I nt erpret at ion)

Which of t he following st at ement s is not sat isfact or y for bor ing log
int er pr et at ion?



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a. The blows/ foot is number of t imes t he 140 lbs dr ive weight dr opped 30
inches needs t o penet r at e one foot . The 37 blows per foot confirm t he
descr ipt ion of dense or well- compact ed soil.
b. The moist ur e cont ent r ange of 1. 2 t o 5. 7% means t he soil has enough
moist ur e and will not r equir e a lot of wat er t o achieve compact ion.
c. The dr y densit y in t he t op 4 feet is 127. 7 pound per cubic foot ( PCF) . This
indicat es a well- gr aded soil wit h a low void r at io. I t can be expect ed t o have
significant cohesion and fr ict ion angle
d. The soil bet ween 5 and 8 feet of dept h has a dr y densit y of only 96. 8 pcf.
This indicat es t he soil is poor ly gr aded and a low per cent age of fines. This
soil will pr obably have lit t le or no cohesion. That means it may not st and on a
const r uct ion slope as st eep as 1H t o 1V.
10. Solut ion:
St at ement b is not sat isfact or y
The moist ur e cont ent r ange of 1. 2 t o 5. 7% means t he soil is ver y dr y and will
r equir e a lot of wat er t o achieve compact ion.

Correct Answer is ( b)


























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11. PROBLEM ( Soil Compact ion)
A r oad pr oj ect r equir es a fill t o be compact ed t o 95% of it s r elat ive densit y wit h
r elat ion t o t he st andar d Pr oct or ( ASTM D698) . The labor at or y r esult s for t he
st andar d Pr oct or indicat ed t hat t he soil has a maximum dr y densit y of 121 lb/ ft
3
,
and an opt imum moist ur e cont ent of 9. 0%.
Aft er t he compact ion of t he fill soils wit h a vibr at or y r oller , field t est ing wit h a sand
cone, nuclear densio- met er , or ot her appr opr iat e met hods indicat ed t hat t he
compact ed fill soils have an in- place unit weight of 124. 00 lb/ ft
3
, and a moist ur e
cont ent of 7. 0%. Calculat e t he r elat ive compact ion, and does t he compact ed fill
exceed pr oj ect r equir ement s or not ?
a 94. 60% < 95%
b 95. 30% > 95%
c 95. 01% 95%
d. 96. 10% > 95%

11. Solut ion:
Maximum dr y densit y,
m
= 121 lbs/ ft
3

Opt imum moist ur e cont ent , m
o
= 9. 0%
I n- sit u densit y, = 124 lbs/ ft
3

I n- sit u moist ur e cont ent , m = 7. 0%
Requir ed r elat ive compact ion per pr oj ect specificat ions, R
d
= 95%
R
d
= d
m
Dr y densit y of t he in- sit u soil,
d
= - ( m)
100

d
= 124. 0 lb/ ft
3
- 124. 0 lb/ ft
3
x ( 7. 0%) = 115. 32 lb/ ft
3

100
R
d
= 115. 32 lb/ ft
3
= 95. 30% > 95% OK
121 lb/ ft
3

The compact ed fill exceeds pr oj ect r equir ement s of at least 95% r elat ive densit y

Correct Answer is ( b)



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12 . PROBLEM ( Lat eral Eart h Pressure)
Using t he Rankine analysis, det er mine t he lat er al ear t h pr essur es due t o
ear t hquakes on a 8 ft r igid concr et e r et aining wall. The fr ee dr aining gr avel backfill
has a soil unit weight , , of 132 lb/ ft
3
, and an angle of int er nal fr ict ion, |, of 33
degr ees. The r et aining wall will be const r uct ed for passive condit ions.
a. 3056 lb/ ft
b. 5080 lb/ ft
c. 7020 lb/ ft
d. 8078 lb/ ft

12. Solut ion:

Unit weight of soil backfill,

= 132 lbs/ ft
3

Angle of I nt er nal Fr ict ion, | = 33 degr ees
Wall height , H = 8 ft
Passive case ( wall moves t owar d r et ained soil)


Coefficient for passive condit ions, K
K = K
P
= ( 1 + sin |) = ( 1 + sin 33) = 3. 40
( 1 - sin |) ( 1 - sin 33)
Lat eral ear t h pr essur e due t o ear t hquakes,
P
e
= 3 K
h
H
2

8
Ear t hquake coefficient , K
h
= 3 K = 3 ( 3. 40) = 2. 55
4 4
P
e
= 3 K
h
H
2

8
= 3 ( 2. 55) x ( 132 lb/ ft
3
) x ( 8 ft )
2
= 8078 lb/ ft
8
Correct Answer is ( d)









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13. PROBLEM ( Vert ical St ress, Pore Pressure & Effect ive St ress)
Calculat e t he change in ver t ical st r ess at 3 ft below t he middle of a 6 ft x 9 ft
r ect angular foundat ion. Using t he Boussinesq t heor y and char t . The applied building
load on t his foundat ion is 3200 lb/ ft
2
.
a. 2768 lb/ ft
2

b. 2134 lb/ ft
2

c. 2585 lb/ ft
2

d. 1790 lb/ ft
2


13. Solut ion:
z = 3 ft
q = 3200 lb/ ft
2

Rect angular foot ing size, 6 ft x 9 ft
oA
=
= P
v

P
v
= summat ion of all st r ess component s ( i. e. P
v1
+ P
v2
+ . . . . + P
vn
) . I n t his case,
we analyze t he foundat ion in 4 equal but separat e quadrant s. I nst ead of a single 6
ft x 9 ft foundat ion, we have 4 separ at e 3 ft x 4. 5 ft quadrant s. This is done so t hat
one cor ner of each quadr ant is locat ed in t he cent er of t he foot ing.
4P
v
= 4q I
o
Since t he quadrant s have equal dimensions wit h t he same applied load,
we simply mult iply t he equat ion by 4 ( 4 quadr ant s) .
oA
=
= P
v
= 4P
v
= 4q I
o

m = x = 4. 5 ft = 1. 5
z 3. 0 ft
n = y = 3. 0 ft = 1. 0
z 3. 0 ft
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I
o
= 0. 202, I nfluence value fr om Boussinesq char t , wher e m = 1. 5 and n= 1. 0.
oA
=
= 4q I
o
= 4( 3200 lb/ ft
2
) ( 0. 202) = 2585 lb/ ft
2

Correct Answer is ( c)
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18
14. PROBLEM ( Set t lement )

Det er mine t he consolidat ion set t lement at t he cent er of t he clay layer of t he mat
( 30m x 40m) foundat ion shown in t he Figur e. Given, t he t ot al ef fect ive st r ess,
=220 KN/ m
2
and t he aver age effect ive st r ess incr eased due t o t he foundat ion
load, =90 KN/ m
2
at t he cent er of t he clay layer .


a. 345. 00 mm
b. 275. 00 mm
c. 187. 00 mm
d. 141. 00 mm


14. Solut ion:
=220 KN/m2, =90 KN/ m2, Cc= 0. 29 and eo= 0. 85
Settlement, Sc={CcHc/(1+eo)}log {(+ )/ }
Sc= { 0. 29 x 8/ ( 1+ . 85) } log { ( 220+ 90) / 220} * 1000= 186. 77 mm

Correct Solut ion is ( c)
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15. PROBLEM ( Gravit y Wall)

Det er mine t he act ive ear t h pr essur e for t he following r et aining wall, H= 18 feet .
Wher e, t he unit weight of t he soil is = 120 lb/ft
3
, = 9
o
and =32
o
.





a. 11 Kip/ ft
b. 4 Kip/ ft
c. 8 Kip/ ft
d. 14 Kip/ ft

15. Solut ion:



K
A
= [ cos32
o
/ ( cos9
o
+ {sin(32
o
+ 9
o
) sin9
o
} ]
2

K
A
= [ 0. 848 / ( 0. 987 + 0. 320) ]
2
= 0. 42
P
A
= 1/2 K
A
H
2
= . 5 x 120 x . 42 x 18
2
= 8183. 45 lb/ ft = 8. 183 Kip/ ft

Correct Solut ion is ( c)


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16. PROBLEM ( Braced And Anchored Excavat ions)

Det er mine t he t ension of t he t ie r ods T if t hey ar e spaced at 2 met ers fr om t he
cent er of t he anchor ed sheet pile wall shown in Figur e. The unit weight of soil is =
15. 0

kN / m
3
.


a. 123. 00 kN
b. 345. 00 kN
c. 176. 00 kN
d. 288. 00 kN


16. Solut ion:

Tie r ods ar e spaced at 2 met er cent er t o cent er
= 15.0

kN / m
3
Pa= 1/2 Ka H
2
a= 1/ 2 x 15. 00 x 0. 33 x 9
2
= 200. 48 kN/ m ( hor izont al)
Taking moment at t ie r od for mobilized passive r esist ance
Pp x ( 9- 1- 1. 5) = Pa x ( 9- 3- 1. 5)
Pp x 6. 5= 200. 48 x 4. 5
Pp= 138. 79 kN/ m
Tension of t he Rods, T= ( 200. 48- 138. 79) x 2= 123. 38 kN


Correct Solut ion is ( a)
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21

I I I . STRUCTURAL

17. PROBLEM ( Loadings)

I n a building column t he axial for ces ar e det er mined as 180 kips of dead load, 100
kips of floor live load, 50 kips fr om t he r oof snow load. Det er mine t he r equir ed
st r engt h of t he column wit hout wind & ear t hquake load. Using t he combinat ion load
specified by AI SCs Manual of St eel Const r uct ion.

a. 241. 00 kips
b. 458. 00 kips
c. 346. 00 kips
d. 401. 00kips

17. Solut ion:

Given, D= 180 kips, L= 100 kips, S= 50 kips, W= 0. 0 kips, & E= 0. 0 Kips

The following load combinat ions ar e pr ovided by AI SCs Manual of St eel
Const r uct ion.

Lr = Roof live load, S = Snow load, R = Rainwat er nominal load

Combinat ion of load:

1. 2 D + 1. 6 L + 0. 5 ( Lr or S or R) = 1. 2 x180 + 1. 6 x 100 + 0. 5 ( 50) = 401 kips

1. 2 D + 1. 6 ( Lr or S or R) + ( 0. 5 L or 0. 8 W)
= 1. 2 x180 + 1. 6 x ( 50) + 0. 5 x 100= 346. 00 kips

1. 2 D + 1. 6 W + 0. 5 L + 0. 5 ( Lr or S or R) = 1. 2 x180 + 0. 0 + 0. 5 x ( 50) = 241 kips

The r equir ed st r engt h for t he column is 401 kips.


Correct Answer is ( d)











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18. PROBLEM ( Loading)

Det er mine t he dead load act ing on t he shown in t he Figur e st eel beam wit h
concr et e slab & floor t iles as shown in t he Figur e. The t iles f loor ing is 3 t hick wit h
cement mor t ar .


W18x97
6 inch concrete slab
Flooring
6 f t




a. 772 lb/ ft
b. 630 lb/ ft
c. 727 lb/ ft
d. 547 lb/ ft ft


18. Solut ion:

Consider ing, cement mor t ar & t iles unit weight is 120 lb/ ft
3

and
Concr et e slab unit weight is 150 lb/ ft
3


St eel Beam weight = 97 lb/ ft
Weight of concr et e slab = 150 x 6/ 12 x 6 = 450 lb/ ft
Weight of t iles floor ing = 120 x 3/ 12 x 6 = 180 lb/ ft
Tot al dead weight = 727 lb/ ft


Correct Answer is ( c)



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19. PROBLEM ( Analysis)
Det er mine t he r eact ion of Y
A
in t he fr ame as shown in Figur e.


a. - 6. 25 K
b. 6. 25 K
c. 31. 25 K
d. - 12. 5 K


19. Solut ion:
Posit ive moment is in t he clockwise dir ect ion
M
A
= 0,
5 x 15 x ( 15/ 2) + 25 x15- Y
D
x30= 0
Y
D
= 31. 25 K
H= 0, Y
D
+ Y
A
- 25= 0,
Y
A
= - 31. 25+ 25= - 6. 25 K

Correct Answer is ( a)
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24
20. PROBLEM ( Member Design)

Det er mine t he ult imat e load, Q
ul t
of a r ect angular foot ing t hat is 6x 4 and eccent r ic
shown in t he Figur e wher e, soil unit weight is = 120 lb/ft
3
, and t he ult imat e
bear ing capacit y is q
u
= 3200 lb/ ft
2
, eB= 1. 5 and eL= 1. 75.


a. 76. 8. 0 Kips
b. 48. 0 Kips
c. 22. 5 Kips
d. 25. 4 Kips

20. Solut ion:

Wher e, eL/ L= 1. 75/ 6= 0. 292> 1/ 6, and eB/ B= 1. 5/ 4= 0. 375> 1/ 6;
Ther efor e,
B1= B( 1. 5- 3eB/ B) = 4( 1. 5- 3 x 1. 5/ 4) = 3. 750 ft
L1= L( 1. 5- 3eL/ L) = 6( 1. 5- 3 x 1. 75/ 6) = 3. 750 ft
Effect ive Ar ea, A= 1/ 2( L1B1) = 1/ 2 ( 3. 750 x 3. 750) = 7. 03 ft
2

q'
u
= 3200 lb/ ft
2

Ther efor e, Q
ul t
= Ax q'
u
= 7. 03 x 3200= 22496= 22. 5 Kips


Correct Answer is ( c)






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21. PROBLEM ( Mechanics Of Mat erials)

Which moment is not cor r ect as shown in t he following diagr ams?










a. - 450 K- ft

b. - 650 K- ft
c. - 800 K- ft
d. - 700 K- ft


21. Solut ion:

c is not cor r ect
M at support=0, Moment , M= - ( 10 x10 x 10/ 2) + - ( 20 x 20) = 900 K- ft
Correct Answer is ( c)
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22. PROBLEM ( Member Design)

Det er mine t he maximum shear for t he simply suppor t ed r einfor ced concr et e beam
shown wit h a dead load of 1. 5 k/ ft and a live load of 2. 0 k/ ft . Assume t hat t he point
of r eact ion is at t he end of t he beam.







a. 48. 00 k

b. 78. 00 k
c. 56. 00 k
d. 72. 00 k


22. Solut ion:

Self weight = ( 12/ 12 ft ) x ( 27/ 12 ft ) x 150 lb/ ft
3
= 338 lb/ ft = 0. 34 k/ ft
Wu = 1. 4 ( 1. 5 k/ ft + 0. 34 k/ ft ) + 1. 7 ( 2 k/ ft ) = 5. 98 k/ ft
Vu ( max) is at t he ends = WuL/ 2 = 5. 98 k/ ft x ( 24 ft ) / 2 = 71. 71 k

Correct Answer is ( d)
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27
23. PROBLEM ( Member Design)

Det er mine t he capacit y of an 18 x 18 column wit h 10- # 8 bar s, t ied. Gr ade 40
st eel and 3, 000 psi concr et e.


a 731 kips

b 450 kips
c 340 kips
d 825 kips


23. Solut ion:

Given, Grade 40 r einfor cement has fy = 40,000 psi and fc = 3, 000psi

Find Pn, with = 0. 65 and Pn = 0. 80Po for t ied columns and

P
0
= 0. 85 f
c
( A
g
A
st
) + f
s
A
st


Ver t ical st eel ar ea for # 10 bar , A= 3. 14/ 4 x { ( 8/ 8)
2
} = 0 . 78 in
2


Ast = 10 bar s ( 0. 78 in2) = 7. 8 in
2


Concr et e ar ea ( gr oss) : Ag = 18 in 18 in = 324 in
2


Pn = (0.65)(0.80)[0.85 x ( 3000) x ( 324 7. 8) + 40, 000 x 7. 8]

= 731, 281 lb = 731 kips

Correct Answer is ( a)










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28


24. PROBLEM ( Mechanics Of Mat erials)

Check t he adequacy of t he shown t ension element wher e, fy= 60 ksi. Consider ing,
t he Load and Resist ance Fact or Design ( LRFD) met hod.
Wher e, T
n
, is the nominal strength of the member
T
u
, is the Ultimate strength of the member.
|
t
is the resistance factor, |
t
= 0.9 for cross-section yielding


L=100 kips
D=60 kips
Bar 6 in x 0.75 in


a. |
t
T
n
= 210 kips < T
u
= 232 kips

b. |
t
T
n
= 243 kips > T
u
= 232 kips
c. |
t
T
n
= 243 kips > T
u
= 210 kips
d. |
t
T
n
= 310 kips > T
u
= 280 kips




24. Solut ion:

Given, DL= 60 kips, LL= 100 kips
T
n
, is t he nominal st r engt h of t he member

t n u
T T >
|
t
is the resistance factor taken as: |
t
= 0.9
F
y
= Steel yield strength= 60 ksi
A
g
= Gross area of section= (6 x 0.75) in
2

T
u
= 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2*60 + 1.6*100 = 232 kips
T
n
= F
y
x A
g
=60 x 6 x 0.75 = 270 kips
|
t
T
n
= 0.9*270 = 243 kips > T
u
= 232 kips OK

Correct Answer is ( b)


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29
I V. TRANSPORTATI ON


25. PROBLEM ( Horizont al Curve)

A cur ving highway has a design speed of 120 km/ hr . At one hor izont al cur ve, t he
super - elevat ion has been set at 8. 0% and t he coefficient of t he side fr ict ion is found
t o be 0. 12. Det er mine t he minimum r adius of t he cur ve t hat will pr ovide a safe
vehicle.
a. 530 met ers

b. 495 met er s
c. 567 met er s
d. 642 met er s

25. Solut ion:
Design speed, V = 120 km/ hr
Super - elevat ion, e = 8%
Coefficient of side fr ict ion, f = 0. 12
Minimum r adius, R
R = V
2
/ ( 127( e/ 100+ f) ) = ( 120)
2
/ ( 127x( . 08+ 0. 12) ) = 566. 92 met er s
Correct Answer is ( c)








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26. PROBLEM ( Horizont al Curve Sight Dist ance)
A lar ge elevat ed obj ect is locat ed 46 feet fr om t he cent er line of a t wo- lane highway,
which has 12- foot wide lanes. The elevat or is sit uat ed on t he inside of a hor izont al
cur ve wit h a r adius of 600 feet . Assuming t hat t he elevat ed obj ect is t he only sight
r est r ict ion on t he cur ve. What is t he minimum sight dist ance along t he cur ve,
wher e degr ee of t he cur ve 12 t ur ns out ?
a 351 ft

b 257 ft
c 405 ft
d 461 ft

26. Solut ion
Dist ance fr om t he cent er of t he inside lane t o t he obj ect , M = 46- 12/ 2= 40 ft .
Degr ee of t he cur ve, D = 12
Radius of t he cur ve, R = 600 ft
Sight dist ance ( ft ) , S
M = R - Rcos( SD/ 200)
( SD/ 200) = cos
- 1
( ( R- M) / R) = cos
- 1
( ( 600- 40) / 600) = 21. 03
S= ( 21. 03x200) / 12= 350. 65 ft .
Correct Answer is ( a)








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31

27. PROBLEM ( Passing Sight Dist ance)
A vehicle moving at a speed of 50 mph is slowing t r affic on a t wo- lane
highway. What passing sight dist ance is necessar y, in or der for a passing maneuver
t o be carr ied out safely? Please assume t hat t he passing vehicle acceler at es t o
passing speed befor e moving int o t he left lane.
The following var iables have t he values given:
Passing vehicle dr iver ' s per cept ion/ r eact ion t ime = 2. 5 sec
Passing vehicle' s acceler at ion r at e = 1. 47 mph/ sec
I nit ial speed of passing vehicle = 50 mph
Passing speed of passing vehicle = 60 mph
Speed of slow vehicle = 50 mph
Speed of opposing vehicle = 60 mph
Lengt h of passing vehicle = 22 ft
Lengt h of slow vehicle = 22 ft
Clear ance dist ance bet ween passing and slow vehicles at lane change = 20 ft
Clear ance dist ance bet ween passing and slow vehicles at lane r e- ent r y = 20 ft
Clear ance dist ance bet ween passing and opposing vehicles at lane r e- ent r y = 250 f t

a. 1500 ft

b. 1900 ft
c. 1600 ft
d. 1800 ft

27. Solut ion:
Calculat e t he passing sight dist ance, D1
V = 73. 3 ft / sec ( 50 mph)
T= 2. 5 sec
Vf = 88 ft / sec ( 60 mph)
Ui = 73. 3 ft / sec ( 50 mph) ,
A = 2. 16 ft / sec/ sec ( 1. 47 mph/ sec) .
S1= VT= 183. 3 feet .
Dist ance D is comput ed using t he equat ion, Vf
2
= Ui
2
+ 2AD
D= ( Vf
2-
Ui
2
) / 2A= ( 88
2
- 73. 3
2
) / 2x2. 16= 548. 86 ft
D1= S+ D= 183. 3+ 548. 86= 732. 16 ft

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The passing sight dist ance is t he dist ance D2, which is defined as t he dist ance t hat
t he passing vehicle t r avels while in t he left lane.
Wher e, V2 = 14. 67 ft / sec ( 60mph- 50mph= 10 mph = r elat ive speed of passing
vehicle wit h r efer ence point on t he slow vehicle) .
S2 = 20 ft + 22 ft + 22 ft . + 20 ft = 84 ft
S2= V2T,
T2= S2/ V2= 84/ 14. 67= 5. 73 sec.
V = 88 ft . / sec. ( 60 mph)
D2= VT2= 88x5. 73= 504. 24 ft
The dist ance, D3= 250 ft . is t he clear ance dist ance bet ween t he passing vehicle and
t he opposing vehicle at t he moment t he passing vehicle r et ur ns t o t he r ight lane.
The passing sight dist ance D4 is defined as t he dist ance t he opposing vehicle
t r avels dur ing 66% of t he t ime t hat t he passing vehicle is in t he left lane.
V = 88 ft . / sec. ( 60 mph) and T4 = 3. 7 seconds ( 5. 7* 66%) .
D4= VT4= 88* 3. 7= 325. 6 ft
The t ot al passing sight dist ance, D= D1 + D2 + D3 + D4= 1812 ft .
Correct Answer is ( d)










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28. PROBLEM ( Ascending Grades)
A highway, wit h t r affic nor mally r uns at 60 mph has an inclined sect ion wit h a 4%
gr ade, how much can t he elevat ion of t he r oadway incr ease befor e t he speed of t he
lar ger vehicles is r educed t o 50 mph?
a. 32 ft

b. 50 ft
c. 40 ft
d. 26 ft
28. Solut ion
Fr om Gr aph in t he Ascending Gr ades module, we can see t hat a 4% gr ade causes a
r educt ion in speed of ( 60 mph- 50 mph) = 10 mph aft er 1250 feet .

We can j ust est imat e t he elevat ion incr ease by mult iplying t he lengt h of t he gr ade
by t he gr ade.
H= 1250x0. 04 = 50 ft .
The elevat ion of t he r oadway can only be incr eased by about 40 feet befor e heavy
vehicles ar e r educed t o a speed of 50 mph.
Correct Answer is ( b)
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29. PROBLEM ( Sag Vert ical Curves)
A st opping sight dist ance of 450 ft . is t o be maint ained on a sag ver t ical cur ve wit h
t angent grades of - 3% and 0%, what should t he lengt h of t he cur ve be? Assume a
headlight beam has an upward diver gence angle of 1.
a. 465 ft

b. 243ft
c. 287 ft
d. 356 ft
29. Solut ion

Sight dist ance, S = 450 ft .
Beam upwar d diver gence, B = 1
Assumed Height of t he headlight s, H = 2 ft
Change in gr ade, A = 3% ( | G2- G1|
I f S > L t hen

L= 2x450- ( 200 x ( 2+ 450 x t an1) ) / 3%= 900- 657= 243 ft
I f S < L t hen ( invalid because L < S)

Cur ve lengt h, L= 243 ft

Correct Answer is ( b)






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35
30. PROBLEM ( Vert ical Clearances)
A br idge is being designed t o pass over a r ur al t wo- lane highway wit h a design
speed of 60 mph. The sect ion of t he t wo- lane highway wher e t he br idge crosses
over is an 1800 foot ver t ical sag cur ve wit h
A = 3. 5. What is t he br idge clear ance height ?

a. 10. 50 ft

b. 12. 4 ft
c. 16. 5 ft
d. 18. 6 ft
30. Solut ion
Design
Speed Km/ h
Passing
Dist ance ( m)
Design
Speed mph
Passing
Dist ance ( ft )
30 200 20 710
40 270 25 900
50 345 30 1090
60 410 35 1280
70 485 40 1470
80 540 45 1625
90 615 50 1835
100 670 55 1985
110 730 60 2135
120 775 65 2285
130 815 70 2480
140 75 2580
Fr om Gr een book t able, passing sight dist ance for a design speed of 60 mph is
2, 135 feet
Ther efor e, S= 2135 ft
L= 1800 ft
A= 3. 5
Br idge clearance height , H

Her e, S> L,
S= L/ 2+ 400( H- 5. 75) / A= 2273. 17 ft

2135= 1800/ 2+ 400( H- 5. 75) / 3. 5
Or , 400( M- 5. 75) = ( 2135- 900) x 3. 5
H= 16. 55 ft .
Br idge clearance height is 16. 55 f eet
Correct Answer is ( c)
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36
31. PROBLEM ( Horizont al Curve)
A hor izont al cur ve is designed wit h a 600 m r adius and is known t o have a t angent
lengt h of 52 m. The PI is at st at ion 200+ 00. Det er mine t he st at ioning of t he PT.
a. PT= 200+ 52

b. PT= 200+ 80
c. PT= 200+ 34
d. PT= 199+ 48

31. Solut ion:





PC= PI - T= ( 200+ 00) - ( 0+ 52) = 199+ 48

PT= PC+ L= ( 199+ 48) + ( 1+ 04) = 200+ 52

Correct Answer is ( a)
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32. PROBLEM ( Accelerat ion And Decelerat ion)
A r acecar is speeding down a level st r aight away at 100 km/ hr. The car has a
coefficient of dr ag of 0. 3, a fr ont al ar ea of 1. 5 m
2
, a weight of 10 kN, a wheelbase
of 3 met er s, and a cent er of gravit y 0. 5 met er s above t he r oadway sur face, which
is 1 met er behind t he fr ont axle. The air densit y is 1.054 kg/ m
3
and t he coefficient
of r oad adhesion is 0. 6. What is t he r at e of acceler at ion for t he vehicle?
a. 2. 35 m/ sce
2

b. 2. 25 m/ sce
2

c. 1. 45 m/ sce
2

d. 1. 15 m/ sce
2

32. Solut ion:
Use t he for ce balancing equat ion t o solve for a.

Since t he st r aight away is a level one, t he gr ade is zer o,

Aer odynamic r esist ance is comput ed:

Rolling r esist ance is comput ed:


Tr act ive Effor t is comput ed:

Looking back t o t he for ce balancing equat ion:

Divide out mass, which can be comput ed from weight by dividing out gr avit y.
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Thus, divide mass fr om t he for ce and acceler at ion can be found.

Thus, t he vehicle is acceler at ing at a r at e of 1. 43 met er s per second squar ed.

Correct Answer is ( c)































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39
V. WATER RESOURCES AND ENVI RONMENT



33. PROBLEM ( Energy And/ or Cont inuit y Equat ion)

Det er mine t he height of wat er in a column t hat pr oduces a gauge pr essur e of 16
psi.


a. 235 ft
b. 32 ft
c. 37 ft
d. 998 ft




33. Solut ion:

The r elat ionship bet ween t he height of a column of wat er and t he r esult ing pr essur e
is 2. 31 ft of wat er pr oduces 1 psi.

Ht = P x 2. 31 = 16 ( psi) x 2. 31 ( ft / psi) = 36. 96 ft .

Correct Answer is ( c)






















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34. PROBLEM ( Frict ion and/ or Minor Losses)

Det er mine t he pipe fr ict ion loss of ir r igat ion syst ems in 2000 ft of 10- inch diamet er
Class 160 PVC pipe if t he f low r at e is 1000 gpm.

a. 16. 4 ft
b. 12. 5 ft
c. 8. 6 ft
d. 9. 5 ft


34. Solut ion:

The Hazen- Williams equat ion, wit h C = 150 ( for plast ic pipes) , is gener ally suit able
for ir r igat ion syst ems and can be expr essed as,

Hf = [ { 0. 000977 x ( Q)
1. 852
} / ( D)
4. 871
] x L


Wher e,

Hf = Fr ict ion loss ( feet )
Q = Flow r at e ( 1000. 0 gpm)
D = Diamet er ( 10- inches)
L = Lengt h of pipe ( 2000. 0 feet )
Hf = [ { 0. 000977 x ( 1000)
1. 852
} / ( 10)
4. 871
] x 1000
Hf = 9. 46 ft


Correct Answer is ( d)

















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35. PROBLEM ( Pressure Conduit )

For an 10- inch Class 160 PVC pipeline t hat is 4000 feet long and has a flow rat e of
1200 gpm, compar e t he pot ent ial sur ge pr essur e caused when a but t er fly valve is
closed ( in 10 seconds) t o a gat e valve t hat requir es 30 seconds t o close.

But t er fly Valve Gat e Valve

a. 135 psi 45 psi
b. 198 psi 68 psi
c. 375 psi 125 psi
d. 415 psi 135 psi

35. Solut ion:

P = 0. 028 ( Q x L) / ( D
2
x T)

Wher e,

Q = Flow r at e ( 1200 gpm)
D = Pipe Diamet er. ( 10 inches)
L = Lengt h of pipeline ( 4000 feet )
Tb = Time t o close But t er fly valve ( 10 seconds)
Tg = Time t o close Gat e valve ( 30 seconds)
P = Sur ge pr essur e ( psi) ?


Sur ge pr essur e for But t er fly Valve,
Pbv = 0. 028 x ( 1200 x 4000) / ( 10
2
x 10) = 135 psi

Sur ge pr essur e for Gat e Valve ( Pgv) ,
Pgv = 0. 028 x ( 1200 x 4000) / ( 10
2
x 30) = 45 psi

Correct Answer is ( a)














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36. PROBLEM ( Energy Dissipat ion)

A box culver t , W= 2400 mm by L= 1800 mm, Q= 24. 0 m
3
/ sec, supercr it ical flow in
culver t , t he nor mal flow dept h = br ink dept h is yo = 1. 3 m, t he t ail wat er dept h is
TW= 0. 90 m. What is lengt h of t he ener gy dissipat ing pool if d
50
/ ye = 0. 45?




a. 20. 8 m
b. 16. 4 m
c. 13. 6 m
d. 7. 2 m
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36. Solut ion:

W
0
= 2400mm= 2. 40m

yo = ye for r ect angular sect ion, ye = 1. 3 m

Vo = Q/ A= 24. 0/ ( 2. 40 x 1. 3) = 7. 69 m/ s

Fr = Vo / [ ( 9. 81) ( ye ) ]
1/ 2
= 7. 69/ [ ( 9. 81) ( 1. 3) ]
1/ 2
= 2. 15

TW/ ye = 0. 9/ 1. 3= 0. 69, TW/ ye < 0. 75 O. K.

Given, d
50
/ ye = 0. 45, d
50
= ( 0. 45) ( 1. 3) = 0. 58 m

Fr om Gr aph hS / ye = 1. 6

hS = ( 1. 3) ( 1. 6) = 2. 08 m

hS / d
50
= 2. 08/ 0. 58 = 3. 58 m, 2< hS / d
50
< 4 OK.

The lengt h of t he ener gy dissipat ing pool is 10( hs) or 3Wo

LS = 10xhs= ( 10) ( 2. 08) = 20. 8 m

LS min= ( 3) ( Wo) = ( 3) ( 2. 4) = 7. 2 m,

Consider ing, LS = 20. 8 m

Correct Answer is ( a)

















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37. PROBLEM ( Open Chanel)

What is t he widt h of a br oad- cr est ed weir t o convey a r iver dischar ge t hat var ies
bet ween 0. 15 and 30. 0 m
3
/ sec, y
max
= 1. 75 m, y
mi n
= 1. 05 m?


a. 29. 0 m
b. 38. 0 m
c. 12. 0 m
d. 17. 0 m.

37. Solut ion:



Correct Answer is ( a)







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38. PROBLEM

Det er mine t he 3- hour , 2- year rainfall dept h for Fult on Count y. Wher e e = 0. 767, b =
40, and d = 7. 6 for t he 2- year fr equency.


a. 4. 30 inches
b. 1. 50 inches
c. 3. 20 inches
d. 2. 16 inches


38. Solut ion:


Wher e:
D = r ainfall dept h ( in. )
I = design r ainfall int ensit y ( in. / hr )
T
d
= st or m dur at ion ( min. )
and
e = 0. 767, b = 40, and d = 7. 6
t
c
= 3 hour s = 180 minut es


Ther efor e: I = 40/ ( 180 + 7. 6)
0. 767

I = 0. 72 in/ hr
D = 0. 72 x 180 / 60 = 2. 16 inches
Correct Answer is ( d)


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39. PROBLEM ( Collect ion syst ems - infilt rat ion, inflow)

Which of t he following st at ement s is not t r ue for I nf low and infilt r at ion ( I / I ) in
sewer syst ems?

a. I ncr eased oper at ional and capit al cost s in t he sewer net wor k and at
t r eat ment plant s;
b. Reduced sewer and t r eat ment capacit y leading t o incr eased oper at ion of
combined sewer over flows, flooding and pollut ion;
c. I ncr eased sewer and t r eat ment capacit y r est r ict ing for fut ur e development ;
d. Lower ing of gr oundwat er levels leading t o det r iment al effect s on local wat er
r esour ces and loss of soil int o sewer s causing operat ional pr oblems and
st r uct ur al damage.


39. Solut ion:

C is not t r ue.
Reduced sewer and t r eat ment capacit y r est r ict ing for fut ur e development .

Correct Answer is ( c)


























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40. PROBLEM ( Wat er Collect ion)

A communit y has a populat ion of 40, 000. What would be t he st orage t ank capacit y
for fir e flow?


a. 1. 2 MG
b. 3. 6 MG
c. 4. 5 MG
d. 2. 2 MG

40. Solut ion:

P= 40, 000
The fir e f low is calculat ed as follows:
Fir e f low ( gpm) =
Wher e "P" is t he populat ion in 1, 000' s of people. So, for our communit y wit h a
populat ion of 40, 000, t he fir e f low would be:



The r equir ed st or age capacit y for fir e flow is calculat ed as follows:
Capacit y, Q = Fir e flow Dur at ion
Capacit y, Q = 6, 043 gpm 360 minut es
Capacit y, Q = 2, 175, 480 gal
The st or age t ank must t hus have a fir e flow capacit y of 2. 2 million gallons.

Correct Answer is ( d)

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