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Chapter 4 Carbohydrate Mind Map

This document summarizes the chemical composition and classification of carbohydrates. It describes tests to identify reducing and non-reducing sugars, and explains that carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides depending on their structure and properties. Monosaccharides are the basic units, disaccharides are two monosaccharides bonded, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides.

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3K views

Chapter 4 Carbohydrate Mind Map

This document summarizes the chemical composition and classification of carbohydrates. It describes tests to identify reducing and non-reducing sugars, and explains that carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides depending on their structure and properties. Monosaccharides are the basic units, disaccharides are two monosaccharides bonded, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides.

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huileng_wong
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of The Cell.

1. Reducing Sugar Test - Add 2ml testing solution + 2ml Benedicts solution. Heat. (i) if brick red precipitate present, means reducing sugar is present. red precipitate present, means sugar is not . (ii) if brick is not reducing present

TESTS

ELEMENTS

- C, H, O. - ratio of H:O is 2:1

CARBOHYDR

TYPES

1. Non-Reducing Sugar Test - Add 2ml testing solution + 1ml dilute HCL. Heat. Cool. Add solid NaHCO to neutralize excess acid. Add 2ml Benedicts solution. Heat.

1. Monosaccharides - basic building blocks of carbohydrate. -general formula : C6H12O6 -simple sugar. -sweet tasting. -soluble in water. -crystalline substance. -all are reducing sugars. Example -Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

3. Polysaccharides -not sweet -not water soluble. -formed from the combination of more than 2 monosaccharides with the elimination of more water molecules. Example (i) Starch - major storage of carbohydrates in plants. (ii) Cellulose component of plant cell wall. (iii) Glycogen - major storage of carbohydrates in animals and fungi. (iv) Chitin exoskeleton of insects.

2. Disaccharides -general formula : C12H22O11 -complex sugar. - sweet tasting. - soluble in water. - crystalline substance. -monosaccharide + disaccharide + H2O Example (i) glucose + glucose (ii) glucose + galactose (iii) glucose + fructose reducing sugar)

condensation monosaccharide hydrolysis

maltose + H2O Lactose + H2O

reducing sugar

sucrose + H2O (non-

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