PREPARATION:

1. CRIMINOLOGY a body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social phenomenon. It is also a multidisciplinary study of crimes. This means that many disciplines are involved in the collection of knowledge about criminal action, including, psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, neurology, political science and economics. 2. SCOPE OF CRIMINOLOGY a. Sociology study of crime focused on the group of people and society as a whole. It is based on the examination of the relationship of demographic and group variables to crime. b. Psychology science of behavior and mental processes of the criminal. It is focused on the individual criminal behavior how it is acquired, evoked, maintained, and modified. c. Psychiatry science that deals with the study of crime through forensic psychiatry, the study of criminal behavior in terms of motives and drives that strongly relies on the individual. 3. Criminology is a broad field of study of crimes and criminals. Its scope is categorized into the following studies: THE MAKING OF LAWS - Pertains to the examination of the nature and structure of laws in the society which could be analyzed scientifically, systematically, and exhaustively to learn crime causation and help fight them. - criminologists with a legal bent, and they refer to their area of study as the criminology of criminal law, or in the case of criminologists with sociology degrees, the sociology of law. THE BREAKING OF LAWS - Pertains to the examination of the reasons of crime causation which primarily deals to answer issues why despite the presence of laws people still commit crimes. - Where most people think when they think of criminology, and it is generally referred to as the area of Criminogennesis or Etiology, or crime causation. - Any insights gained from studying the criminal mind are supposed to be useful in understanding human nature and the society we live in. REACTION TOWARDS THE BREAKING OF LAWS - Pertains to the study of how people, the criminal, and the government reacts towards the breaking of laws because the reactions necessarily bring light to the development of modern measures to treat criminal offenders at the same time the reaction may be contributory to criminality. 4. PURPOSES OF STUDYING CRIMINOLOGY - To prevent the crime problem. - To understand crimes and criminals which are basic to knowing the actions to be done to prevent them. - To prepare for a career in law enforcement and scientific crime detection. - To develop an understanding of the constitutional guarantees and due process of law in the administration of justice. - To foster a higher concept of citizenry and leadership together with an understanding of one moral and legal responsibilities to his fellowmen, his community, and the nation.

5. Criminology is: a. Applied Science anthropology, psychology, sociology and other natural sciences may be applied in the study of causes of crime while chemistry, medicine, physics, mathematics, etc. maybe utilized in crime detection. b. Social Science crime is a societal creation and that it exists in a society. c. Dynamic it changes as social condition. The progress of criminology is concordant with the advancement of other sciences that have applied to it. d. Nationalistic the study of crime must always be in relation with the existing criminal law with in the territory. 6. A CRIMINAL may be defined in three ways: A person who committed a crime and has been convicted by a court of the violation of a criminal law. (legal definition) A person who violated a social norm or one who did an anti-social act. (social definition) A person who violated rules of conduct due to behavioral maladjustment (psychological definition) 7. PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS: Criminal Behavior or Criminal Etiology scientific analysis of the causes of crime. Sociology of Law study of law and its application. Penology or Correction study that deals with punishment and the treatment of criminals. Criminalistics or Forensic Science in crime detection and investigation. 8. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING CRIMINOLOGY A source of philosophy of life A background for a profession or for social service Because criminals are legitimate objects of interest Because crime is a costly problem 9. OBJECTS OF INTEREST IN CRIMINOLOGY Crime generic name that refers to offense, felony, and delinquency or misdemeanor. Criminals Criminal Behavior study of human conduct focused on the mental processes of the criminal (the way he behaves or acts) Victim Others (criminal detection, treatment of criminals and the criminal law) 10. LEGAL DEFINITION OF CRIME: Crime is an act or omission in violation of a criminal law in its legal point. It is also a generic name that refers to offense, felony, and delinquency or misdemeanor.

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF FINGERPRINTS: Prevent impersonation Speedily identify a wrongdoer Serve to give evidence Help to identify victims of disasters, calamities, floods, etc. Identify bodies whose cadavers are beyond recognition Aid the judiciary in penal treatment Prevent criminal substitution on the newly born. 2. ANTHROPOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT Body: height standing, reach from fingertips to fingertips, length of trunk and head, or height sitting Head: length and width, length and width of right ear Limbs: length of left foot, length of left middle finger, length of left little finger, length of left forearm. 3. LEGAL CONSEQUENCE IF THE PERSON REFUSES TO BE FINGERPRINTED: - May be prosecuted by disobedience to the agent of the person in authority, defined in, and penalized by Article 151 of the Revised Penal Code. As long as the person is under legal arrest he can be forced to be fingerprinted. 4. MORE EFFECTIVE: Anthropological Measurement a method of criminal identification introduced by Alphonse Bertillion and believed that certain body parts especially the bone is unchangeable. Bones do not change in dimensions after adulthood, and therefore by taking measurement of another bone, the identify of an individual can be established. 5. FINGERPRINT considered as POSITIVE SCIENCE: Fingerprinting as a means of personal identification is a positive science. It cannot be forged cannot be easily obliterated. Several to known criminals however have tried to efface their fingerprint to cancel their identities either by burning with acid or surgically removed them, but both were in vain. 6. FINGERPRINT INFALLIBLE: Fingerprint as infallible means personal identification. Fingerprint is reliable. It cannot be forged. There were however, several persons have tried to forged their fingerprint but to no avail. 7. JOHN DILLINGER - A known criminal who tried to effaced his fingerprint by burning them with acid, but to no avail. The acid temporarily destroys the fingerprint but the prints restore to its original formation few days later. ROSCOE JAMES PITT (aka Robert Philipps) - A man who was once considered as a man without fingerprint. He surgically removed the fingerprint of the first joint of his fingers and covered it with another skin from his chest. His efforts however turn futile. 8. 1973 The 58th Annual Conference of the International Association for Identification was held in Jackson, Wyoming, its Standardization Committee, hereby states that no valid basis exists at this time for requiring that a pre-determined minimum of friction ridge characteristics must be present in two impressions in order to establish positive identification.

9. 1880 DR. HENRY FAULDS conducted a careful experiment and observation of fingerprint patterns in the hospital he established in Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan. He concluded that fingerprint patterns are unchangeable and that superficial injury of the fingers did not alter them, they returned to their former design as the injury healed. 10. CHIROSCOPY science that deals with the study of the palm print in relation to identification. PODOSCOPY science that deals with the study of sole of human foot for identification purposes. POROSCOPY science that deals with the study of human pores or sweat glands.

RESEARCH: (INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT) CHINA Big Bears starts assignment with oil Major in Western China. - Big Bear was chosen to provide Security Supervision, Access Control and CCTV packages for a large natural gas project in remote Western China. Mobilizing personnel and materials in a little over a month, systems are in the commissioning stages and personnel have taken over security management of the clients site.

INDONESIA Access control, intrusion detection and CCTV are the fundamental starting-points of a security system. Being able to act and react in real time across all these functions is also essential. Gunnebo, Indonesia has developed SMI Server, a complete integrated electronic security system that meets the requirements of companies wishing to optimize security management, providing them with: A multi-function and multi-site system - SMI Server system is designed with modules that cover the full range of security needs: access control, intrusion detection, CCTV. A powerful management software interface - Based on a single supervision system that responds to the security management and tracking problems, Gunnebo's solution offers a global view of all your sites and the security functions in place at each one. By managing both hardware production and software development, Gunnebo is able to provide a scale able system that adapts easily to new technologies and market standards and to the companies business environment and organization.

RESEARCH (CONTEMPORARY POLICE PROBLEM) POLICE PROBLEM ON HUMAN RIGHT China - Human rights in the People's Republic of China are a matter of dispute between the Chinese government, other countries, international NGOs, and dissidents inside the country. Organizations such as the U.S. State Department, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch have accused the Chinese government of restricting the freedoms of speech, movement, and religion of Chinese citizens. The Chinese government argues for a "wider" definition of human rights, to include economic and social as well as political rights, all in relation to "national culture" and the level of development of the country. In this regard, China claims that human rights are being improved. China also repeated many times that its constitution specifies not only citizenship rights but also the "Four Cardinal Principles"; in legal respects the "Four Cardinal Principles" are higher than citizenship rights, meaning there was a legal basis according to the Chinese constitution when China arrested people who wanted, according to China, to overthrow these principles. Chinese people who obey these principles can, according to the Chinese government, enjoy all Chinese citizenship rights. - POLICE IN CHINA There are about 2 million police in China. Many of them operate out of small offices that serve communities of around 10,000 people. Typically police show up for work at 8:30 am and slide marker into a slot to show they are on duty and wait for local people to come by with complaints. The police in China are generally poorly paid and ill trained. They are regarded with suspicion by ordinary Chinese, particularly in rural areas. Police have traditionally been more involved in maintaining government control than solving crimes. Family members of crime victims often become infuriated with police for their incompetence and unwillingness to make an effort to solve crimes that affect them. Police have traditionally been tough and conspicuous. One Chinese school teacher told the New York Times, You know in China the police are the most frightening thing. Their impact is felt even when they are not around. A National Geographic photographer said, "But usually there's no need for lots of security. There' an implied authority in the air that make people behave." Chinese police have a reputation for being corrupt. "In America," one Chinese man told the New York Times, "you know what's illegal. Your laws are clear. Not in China, the police they're the worst of them all. They're linked to the smugglers too. China is a crazy country now." Indonesia - Indonesian government actions have been noted as a concern by advocates for human rights. Both Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have criticized the Indonesian government on multiple subjects. However, the country has since 1993 had a national human rights institution, the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), which enjoys a degree of independence from government and holds UN accreditation. - INDONESIAN NATIONAL ARMED FORCED The Indonesian Army was formed during the Indonesian National Revolution, when it undertook a guerrilla war along with informal militia. As a result of this, and the need to maintain internal security, the Army has been organized along territorial lines, aimed at defeating internal enemies of the state and potential external invaders.

 Under the 1945 Constitution, all citizens are legally entitled and obliged to defend the nation. Conscription is provided for by law, yet the Forces have been able to maintain mandated strength levels without resorting to a draft. Most enlisted personnel are recruited in their own home regions and generally train and serve most of their time in units nearby. HOW THE POLICE BECOME CORRUPT? Do some just start out that way or does corruption develop...or is it some of both? According to retired Seattle Police Chief Norm Stamper, "...law enforcement, for the most part, doesn't pick bad apples. It makes them, and not through academy training." Many police administrators would be loath to admit that law enforcement culture creates police corruption, but when you look at recent examples of high level police administrators involved in a wide variety of misconduct incidents you have to wonder what examples are being set for the rank and file in some agencies.

POLICE PROBLEM ON GRAFT & CORRUPTION Police corruption is a specific form of police misconduct designed to obtain financial benefits, other personal gain, or career advancement for a police officer or officers in exchange for not pursuing, or selectively pursuing, an investigation or arrest. One common form of police corruption is soliciting or accepting bribes in exchange for not reporting organized drug or prostitution rings or other illegal activities. Another example is police officers flouting the police code of conduct in order to secure convictions of suspects for example, through the use of falsified evidence. More rarely, police officers may deliberately and systematically participate in organized crime themselves. CHINA - The People's Republic of China suffers from widespread corruption. For 2011, China was ranked 75th out of 178 countries in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, ranking above fellow BRIC nations India and Russia, but below Brazil (slightly) and most developed countries. Means of corruption include graft, bribery, embezzlement, backdoor deals, nepotism, patronage, and statistical falsification. - Cadre corruption in post-1949 China lies in the "organizational involution" of the ruling party, including the Chinese Communist Party's policies, institutions, norms, and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping. Like other socialist economies that have gone through monumental transition, such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia, post-Mao China has experienced unprecedented levels of corruption, making corruption one of the major hindrances to the PRC's social and economic development. - Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that it is among the top concerns of the general public. According to Yan Sun, Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York, it was corruption, rather than democracy as such, that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the Tiananmen protest movement of 1989.[3] Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CCP, adds to economic inequality, undermines the environment, and fuels social unrest. - Since then, corruption has not slowed down as a result of greater economic freedom, but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope. Business deals often involve participation in corruption. In popular perception, there are more dishonest CCP officials than honest ones, a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s. China specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption

is among the most serious threats to China's future economic and political stability. Bribery, kickbacks, theft, and misspending of public funds cost at least three percent of GDP. China, though not a member of the OECD has participated as an observer in the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, see OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. INDONESIA - There are two key areas in the public sector in which corruption in Indonesia can be found. These are the justice and civil service sectors. While hard data on corruption is difficult to collect, corruption in Indonesia is clearly seen through public opinion, collated through surveys as well as observation of how each system runs. Corruption within the justice sector is seen by its ineffectiveness to enforce laws, failure to uphold justice, hence undermining the rule of law. The areas of corruption within this sector include the police and the courts. In the 2008 Public Sector Integrity Survey, the Supreme Court ranked the lowest in integrity in comparison to the other public services in Indonesia. The courts were viewed to make decisions unfairly and have high unofficial costs. - Businessmen believe that the Indonesian police handle the most bribes in the country. Being harassed by the police is a common occurrence. Corruption in the police system is rampant and even institutionalized in certain aspects. For example, brokers not functioning within Jakartas motor vehicle and driving license offices charge almost one and half times the official price, while reducing the time needed to receive the license. - Evidence of corruption within the civil service comes from surveys conducted within the sector. Some surveys found out that almost half were found to have received bribes. Civil servants themselves admit to corruption. - In January 2012, it was reported that Indonesia has lost as much as Rp 2.13 trillion (US$238.6 million) to corruption in 2011. A study conducted by Indonesia Corruption Watch, a non-profit organization co-ordinated by Danang Widoyoko, said that embezzlement accounted for most of the money lost and that government investment was the sector most prone to graft.