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Conversions

This document provides conversion factors and formulas for various units related to water distribution and pumping operations. It includes equations for calculating horsepower, volume, flow rates, chlorination dosages, costs, pressures, and more. Key areas covered are units of measure, pumping calculations, storage volumes, water quality parameters, chemical feeding, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) signals.

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70 views1 page

Conversions

This document provides conversion factors and formulas for various units related to water distribution and pumping operations. It includes equations for calculating horsepower, volume, flow rates, chlorination dosages, costs, pressures, and more. Key areas covered are units of measure, pumping calculations, storage volumes, water quality parameters, chemical feeding, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) signals.

Uploaded by

Anonymous ynJByUs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES WATER DISTRIBUTION OPERATOR CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

PUMPING
1 horsepower (Hp) = 746 watts = 0.746 kw = 3,960 gal/min/ft Water Hp = ( GPM ) x ( Total Head, ft ) (3,960 gal/min/ft) ( GPM ) x ( Total Head, ft ) ( 3,960 ) x (Pump % Efficiency ) ( GPM ) x ( Total Head, ft ) ( 3,960 ) x Pump % Eff. x Motor % Eff.

Units and Conversion Factors


1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.3832 lb 1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 lb 1 liter of water weighs 1,000 gm 1 mg/L = 1 part per million (ppm) 1 ug/L = 1 part per billion (ppb) 1 mile = 5,280 feet (ft) 1 yd = 3 feet 1 yd3 = 27ft3 1 acre (a) = 43,560 square feet (ft2) 1 acre foot = 325,829 gallons 1 cubic foot (ft3) = 7.48 gallons (gal) 1 gal = 3.785 liters (L) 1 L = 1,000 milliliters (ml) 1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (gm) 1 lb = 7,000 grains (gr) 1 grain per gallon (gpg) = 17.1 mg/L 1 gm = 1,000 milligrams (mg) 1 gm = 1,000,000 micrograms (ug)

VOLUME
Rectangular Basin = Volume, gal (Length, ft) x (Width, ft) x (Height, ft) x7.48 gal/cu.ft. Cylinder , Volume, gal =
(0.785) x (Dia, ft)2 x (Height, Length, or Depth, in ft.) x 7.48 gal/ft3

Brake Hp =

Motor Hp

Time, Hrs. = Supply, Hrs.=

( Volume, gallons ) (Pumping Rate, GPM, x 60 Min/Hr ) Storage Volume, Gals d ( Flow In, GPM Flow Out, GPM) x 60 min/hr.)

Wire to Water Efficiency = ( Motor, % Efficiency x Pump % Efficiency ) Cost, $ = ( Hp ) x ( 0.746 Kw/Hp ) x ( Operating Hrs. ) x cents/Kw-Hr

SOLUTIONS
Lbs/Gal = (Solution %)_ x 8. 34 lbs/gal x Specific Gravity 100 Lbs Chemical = Specific Gravity x 8. 34 lbs/gallons x Solution(gal) Specific Gravity = Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) 8. 34 (lbs/gal) % of Chemical in Solution = ( Dry Chemical, Lbs) x 100 (Dry Wt. Chemical, Lbs) + (Water, Lbs)

Flow, velocity, area


Q=AxV Quantity = Area x Velocity Flow (ft3/sec) = Area(ft2) x Velocity (ft/sec)

CHLORINATION
Dosage, mg/l = (Demand, mg/l) + (Residual, mg/l)

General
($) Cost / day = Lbs/day x ($) Cost/lb (In - Out ) x 100 In = Well Yield, GPM Drawdown, ft. Removal, Percent = Specific Capacity, GPM/ft.

(Gas) lbs/day = (Vol, MG) x (Dosage, mgl) x (8.34 lbs/gal)

HTH Solid (lbs/day) = (Vol, MG) x (Dosage, mg/l) x (8.34lbs/gal) ( % Strength ) Liquid (gal/day) = (Vol, MG) x (Dosage, mg/l) x (8.34 lbs/gal) ( % Strength ) x (Specific Gravity x 8.34)

GPD = (Vol, MG) x (Conc., mg/l) x (8.34 lb/gal ) ( % Strength ) x Chemical Wt. (lbs/gal) GPD = ( Feed, ml/min. x 1,440 min/day ) ( 1,000 ml/L x 3.785 L/Gal )

Gals/Day = (Population) x (Gals/Capita/Day) GPD = (Meter Read 2 - Meter Read 1) (Number of Days) Volume, Gals = GPM x Time, minutes

PRESSURE
PSI = ( Head, ft. ) 2.31ft./psi PSI = Head, ft. x 0. 433 PSI/ft. Two Normal Equations: a) C1V1 = C2V2 b) C1V1 + C2V2 = C3V3 lbs Force = (0.785) ( D, ft. )2 x 144 in2/ft2 PSI. C = Concentration, V = Volume, Q = Flow Q1 = Q2 V1 V2

SCADA = 4 mA to 20 mA analog signal


( live signal mA - 4 mA off set ) x process unit and range ( 16 mA span ) 4 mA = 0 20 mA full -range

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