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Tutorial 2

The document discusses problems involving fluid mechanics concepts. It first considers laminar flow through a pipe and calculates the momentum-flux correction factor. It then examines flow through a reducing elbow that deflects and accelerates water flow upward. Finally, it analyzes a reversing elbow, flow impacting a vertical plate, and power generation and forces on a wind turbine at different wind speeds.

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Ahmed Emara
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128 views

Tutorial 2

The document discusses problems involving fluid mechanics concepts. It first considers laminar flow through a pipe and calculates the momentum-flux correction factor. It then examines flow through a reducing elbow that deflects and accelerates water flow upward. Finally, it analyzes a reversing elbow, flow impacting a vertical plate, and power generation and forces on a wind turbine at different wind speeds.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Emara
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MENG02C03-Fluid Mechanics Tutorial 2

1. Consider laminar flow through a very long straight section of round pipe. It is shown that the velocity profile through a cross-sectional area of the pipe is parabolic (Fig. 1), with the axial velocity component given by

where R is the radius of the inner wall of the pipe and Vavg is the average velocity. Calculate the momentum-flux correction factor through a cross section of the pipe for the case in which the pipe flow represents an outlet of the control volume, as sketched in Fig. 1. 2. A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at a rate of 14 kg/s in a horizontal pipe upward 30 while accelerating it (Fig. 2). The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-sectional area of the elbow is 113 cm 2 at the inlet and 7 cm2 at the outlet. The elevation difference between the centers of the outlet and the inlet is 30 cm. The weight of the elbow and the water in it is considered to be negligible. Determine (a) the gage pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow and (b) the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.

3. A reversing elbow as shown in Fig. 3 such that the fluid makes a 180 Uturn before it is discharged. The elevation difference between the centers of the inlet and the exit sections is still 0.3 m. Determine the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.

4. Water is accelerated by a nozzle to an average speed of 20 m/s, and strikes a stationary vertical plate at a rate of 10 kg/s with a normal velocity of 20 m/s (Fig. 4). After the strike, the water stream splatters off in all directions in the plane of the plate. Determine the force needed to prevent the plate from moving horizontally due to the water stream.

5. A wind generator with a 30-ft-diameter blade span has a cut-in wind speed (minimum speed for power generation) of 7 mph, at which velocity the turbine generates 0.4 kW of electric power (Fig. 5). Determine (a) the efficiency of the wind turbinegenerator unit and (b) the horizontal force exerted by the wind on the supporting mast of the wind turbine. What is the effect of doubling the wind velocity to 14 mph on power generation and the force exerted? Assume the efficiency remains the same, and take the density of airto be 0.076 lbm/ft3.

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