OFFICER OF THE WATCH (DECK) ORAL EXAMINATION

Author : Edet Uliong (Fleetwood Nautical Campus 2001/2002)

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

| Aft mooring stations | anchoring | carriage of publications | classes of dangerous goods | contents of IMDG code | contents of MGN MSN MIN | contents of weekly notices | dragging anchor | duties of oow bridge watch | Duties on Cargo Watch | fire in the accommodation | fire in the galley | fog bank | fog signal on bow | GMDSS periodical tests | impeding safe passage of CBD | impeding safe passage of PDV | isolated danger buoy | Joining as 3rd Mate | magnetic compass reading | pilot boarding preparation | precautions while handling CO2 | Preparing for sea | region B buoyage | restricted visibility | rigging accommodation ladder | running moor | Safe navigation watch | short turn around | sighting vessel aground | standing moor |

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Joining a ship as a 3rd Officer, what are your first actions? Look for the Muster List and check for my duties. Look for my muster and boat station. Familiarise myself with all its content Know the location of my LSA and FFA. Know the location of my lifejacket, helmet, immersion suit and other clothes required. Know the Emergency/Fire Alarm signals. No cargo operations, what are your duties? Ensure continuous gangway watch. Make frequent fire patrols. Check and ensure security of ship. Ensure adequate illumination of ship when necessary. Tend moorings as necessary. Make note of visitors coming onboard including knowledge of crews onboard/ashore. Now cargo operations in progress, what are your duties? Tend moorings and gangway as necessary. Maintain gangway watch. Ensure fire precautions in place. Prevent boarding of unauthorised persons. Keep a record of all operations in Chief Officer log book. Ensure adequate lightings of the vessel. Ensure cargo plan is adhered to. Maintain close monitoring of all operations carried out by crew and ashore personnel. Ensure that everything is done in a safe and proper manner.

Q: Master tells you to prepare bridge for sea, what will you do? A: Ensure passage plan is in order with all charts required for the voyage and nautical publications corrected to the latest Notice to Mariners. Ensure enough chart equipments (pencils, parallel ruler, divider and compass) are onboard and ready. Bridge ancillary equipments (Binoculars, Azimuth Mirror, Aldis Lamp, Pelorus, Sextant, etc) are available and ready. Speed/Distance recorder, Echo Sounder, Engine/Bridge movement recorder, are ready and spare papers for printers. Gyro compass and all repeaters are synchronised. All instruments lightings are alright with spare bulbs available. Navigational equipments all set up and ready for use. Radar and ARPA made fully operational. Both internal and external communication equipments tested and ready for use. Telegraph and Steering gear tested and ready. Windows cleaned, wipers working satisfactorily. Clocks synchronised with the Engine room. Current navigational warnings checked and compared with previous warnings.
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You are in-charge of Aft mooring station about to sail, what are your duties? Check with Master and Pilot anticipated manoeuvre for letting-go. Check Bridge-Poop deck communications are satisfactory. Remove all rat guards. Remove all access, cargo nets, telephone lines, bonding, etc. Ensure winches are switched on and running satisfactorily. Let go and bring moorings onboard as instructed. Keep moorings off propeller and keep the bridge informed of your progress. Ship fenders when vessel is clear. Check that all ships equipments are properly stowed and secured. After completion, ensure winches are switched off, drains opened and isolated. Bring down flags as appropriate. How do you keep safe navigational watch, (Navigational duties)? Maintain proper lookout (Rule 5). Check vessel position at regular intervals using various methods of position fixing. Display proper Signals. Determine compass errors whenever course is altered. Check radar and other navigational equipments performance at regular intervals. Monitor Navigational warnings closely. Adhere strictly to the Rules of the Road. Fire in galley, what are your actions? Raise alarm and inform bridge. Bridge should reduce speed if vessel is at sea. Close down all means of ventilation. Isolate electrical circuits. Have fire-fighters wear Fire suits and Breathing Apparatus. Have fire-fighters, working in pairs, investigate and tackle fire using fire blanket, dry powder or foam extinguisher. Fire in accommodation, what are your actions? Raise alarm informing Bridge and Master. Reduce speed if at sea. Close down all mechanical means of ventilation. Have fire-fighters wear fire suit and breathing apparatus. Isolate live electrical circuits. Surround the fire, attacking it from as many angles as possible with hoses. Close all fire and water tight doors. Place Communicating Officer on standby to transmit emergency or distress signals. If traffic and weather will allow, bring the wind to a direction that will minimise the spread of the fire.

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Q: Precautions to be observed when handling CO2? A: Beware of suffocation in enclose space. Beware of frost-bite. Q: A: Which countries use the Region B system of buoyage? North, South and Central America. Philippines Japan South Korea.

Q: Which vessels should not impede the safe passage of PDV (Power Driven Vessels) in a Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS)? Rule10. A: Sailing Vessels Fishing Vessels Vessels less than 20 metres in length. Q: A: Which vessels should not impede the safe passage of a PDV in a narrow channel? Rule13. Crossing vessels Sailing vessels Fishing vessels Vessels less than 20 metres in length

Q: Which vessels must not impede the safe passage of a vessel Constraint By her Draft (CBD)? Rule18. A: All vessels except vessel Not Under Command (NUC) and vessel Restricted in her Ability to Manoeuvre (RAM). Q: A: What are the Daily, Weekly and Monthly Tests for GMDSS equipments? DAILY: DSC; Without radiation, use built-in test facility. Batteries; On/Off load voltage check, fully charge if necessary. Printers; Check there are sufficient paper for DSC, NAVTEX, TELEX, SATCOM WEEKLY: DSC; Live call to Coast Radio Station on 2187.5 KHz. Reserve source of energy, other than battery. Survival craft VHF, not on CH.16 MONTHLY: EPIRBS: 1. Internal test facility 2. Battery expiring date 3. Integrity of hydrostatic release mechanism and replacement date 4. Planned maintenance schedule; hydrostatic release mechanism, Lanyard. SARTs: 1 Test facility with 3cm radar 2 Battery expiring date All Batteries: 4

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Check condition with hydrometer where possible Security and condition Connections and battery locker integrity

How do you rig Accommodation ladder? Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and take 2 Handy Billys, safety harness and work vest. Rig Handy Billys Rig wire falls to bridle Release lashings Ease out accommodation ladder Lower to horizontal on Handy Billys Take the weight on falls wire and release the Handy Billys Send down a man to rig stanchions and hand ropes Rig net outboard-side to ships side When alongside, lower accommodation ladder What is the preparations prior pilot boarding? Check the pilot ladder is properly rigged with the steps horizontal Check that the bottom step is at the required height above water Check manropes are properly rigged Check the ladder is flat against ships side and clear of all overboard discharge Stanchions and Bulwark ladder okay At night it is properly lit with light shinning away from the bridge Ensure satisfactory communication with the bridge Lifebuoy with line on standby at boarding station Pilot card prepared and ready

Q: What are the publications to be carried onboard? A: International Code of Signals MSN, MGN, MIN The Mariners Handbook Sailing Directions Admiralty List of Lights Admiralty List of Radio Signals Tide tables, Tide Atlas, Tidal Streams Nautical Almanacs Nautical (Nories) tables Weekly Notices to Mariners Full set of Navigational Charts Operational and Maintenance manuals of navigational equipments Code of safe working practice for seamen Additional: Copy of Collision regulations (Rules of the Road) Guide to port entry A copy of chart abbreviations Ships Routeing Chart Ocean passages of the world Chart Catalogue
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Q: Explain the contents of MSN, MGN and MIN. A: MSN (Merchant Shipping Notice White in colour): conveys mandatory information which must be complied with under United Kingdom laws. It amplifies statutory instruments. MGN (Marine Guidance Notes Blue in colour): is issued with regards to topical areas such as MARPOL, SOLAS, etc. MIN (Marine Information Notes Green in colour): is issued targeting training establishments and equipment manufacturers. Q: A: Q: A: Contents of Weekly Notice to Mariners All index of all chart corrections effective in that issue Temporary and Preliminary notices Corrections to charts Corrections to Light lists Corrections to Radio Signals Corrections to Admiralty Sailing Directions Navigational Warnings What are the things to do before dropping anchor? Investigate the charted area to obtain depth of water, nature of the seabed and tidal effects. Obtain a current and near-future weather forecast. Consider a sheltered anchoring position, preferably in the lee of the land away from where the wind is blowing from. The anchorage should not be too close to land. Prepare an anchorage approach plan before hand.

Q: How do you prepare anchor for letting-go? A: I will wear my Personal Protective Equipment and carry spike, hammer, grease gun, bucket, torch, earmuffs and goggles and proceed to fore. I will ask for power on deck and at the same time testing communication. At fore, I will go into the forepeak store and remove any lashings (if any) on the anchor and engage power. On forecastle deck, ensuring that the windlass is out of gear, I will switch on the power, warm it and at the same time, grease round with grease gun. I will put into gear, release brake, and small movement of the cable is enough to break the cement pudding. Remove cover and stowaway. I will go forward and remove hawse-pipe cover, guillotine bar on bow stopper, and devils claw. I will inform Bridge and request permission to work out anchor. I will look over the side and walk out anchor to just above water and bring home, leaving it just outside the hawse-pipe. I will apply brake, take out of gear, tighten the brake and inform the bridge that anchor is ready. Q: What are the duties of OOW on anchor watch? A: Ensure vessel is not dragging anchor by taking regular fixes using various methods of position fixing. Know the position of the anchor (mark position with a buoy; obtain a fix immediately anchor is dropped). Please consider the environment before printing out these copies 6

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Abide by Masters Bridge Orders. Keep a log of weather, noting any unexpected changes and inform master if necessary. Ensure correct Navigational lights/shapes are displayed. Ensure a proper lookout is maintained so that correct sound signal maybe sounded if close-quarters situation develops Know the time of tide change, thus when the vessel will be swinging. Keep a good radio watch. Inform Master if in doubt. At anchor, what are your actions if you see another vessel dragging anchor towards you? Standby Main Engines. Order anchor party to standby fore. Sound five (5) short and rapid blasts on the whistle. Inform Master of the situation immediately. Attract attention of the vessel by calling her on the VHF or use Aldis Lamp. Standby to: - Pay out more cable, Heave away on the cable to move the vessel forward, Go ahead on engines and stream over your own cable, or Provide the vessel with a sheer by a hard-over action of the rudder. What are your actions on sighting a vessel aground right ahead? Stop and take all way off vessel. Inform Master immediately. Operate echo-sounder. Plot positions of both vessels. Call up the vessel aground and ascertain her draught and the time aground (for tide purposes) Make a full appraisal of the situation and navigate with extreme caution.

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What are the contents of IMDG (International Maritime Dangerous Goods) Code? There are 3 volumes. Volume 1: Definitions, Classification, Packing instructions, Tank provisions as per Transport operations Volume 2: Dangerous goods list; UN number, Proper shipping name, Class, Packing group, Packing instruction, IBC Packing instruction, IMO Tank instruction, UN Tank instruction, and EmS number. Volume 3: Emergency procedures, MFAG. What are the classes of Dangerous Goods? Class 1: Class 2: Class 3: Class 4: Class 5: Class 6: Class 7: Explosives Gases Compressed, Liquefied, or Dissolved under pressure Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Oxidising Substances Poisonous (Toxic) Substances Radioactive Substances 7

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Class 8: Corrosives Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances which posed a danger not covered by other classes.

Q: How will you turn a vessel short round? A: Start the manoeuvre from the port side of the channel (if the vessel has right-handed propeller, she will turn easily to starboard) to provide maximum head reach of the vessel. Rudder hard-a-starboard and full ahead on main engines. Stop engines to prevent the vessel from gathering too much headway Put rudder amidships and main engines full astern As sternway is gathered, the bow of the vessel will cant to starboard while the port quarter will move in opposite direction due to transverse thrust. Stop engines. Put rudder to starboard and engines ahead and manoeuvre as essential. Q: How will you carry out Running Moor? A: 2 1
Weather anchor

Lee anchor

Speed over ground 4 to 5 kts

Vessel brought up between both anchors

Pay out Weather anchor heading into tide Continue to pay out up to 8 or 9 shackles depending on depth of the water and amount of cables carried onboard. The vessel will over run the desired mooring position. Stop engines. The vessel will start going astern. Let go the Lee anchor and pay out the cables. Start heaving on the weather anchor to bring the vessel up between the two anchors.

Q: How will you carry out Standing Moor? A: In this case, the vessel is heading into tide and stopped over ground. Sternway is gathered by tide or operating astern propulsion. Let go lee anchor (riding cable and allow the vessel to drop astern). When sternway is gathered, pay out more cable up to 8 or 9 shackles. Take sternway off the vessel while checking on the weight of the cable. Order maximum helm away from the release anchor, and use engines to cant the vessel before letting go the weather anchor.
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 Use engines ahead or astern to ease weight on windlass as vessel heaves on the lee anchor. Continue to heave on the lee anchor while paying out on the weather anchor until the vessel is brought up between the anchors. Q: Your Magnetic Compass change from 353 to 020 but Gyro Compass remains the same, why? A: This is due to magnetic ores on or just below the seabed giving rise to local magnetic anomalies, causing temporary deflection of compass. The areas of disturbance are usually small unless there are many anomalies close together. Amount of deflection depends on the depth of water and strength of magnetic force generated by the magnetic ores. Not much effect is felt in water of depth greater than 1500 metres. Similarly, a ship would have to be within 8 cables of a nearby land mass containing magnetic ores for deflection to occur. Deflection may be caused by wrecks lying underneath in moderate depths but, defection will not exceed 7 and not more than 250 metres. It may also occur when in close quarters situation with ship carrying a large quantity of iron ore. Q: What is the minimum distance you will pass an isolated danger buoy and why? A: The minimum distance is 500 metres. This is because Offshore industry set up 500 metres as the minimum distance to pass Offshore installations, thus the maritime industry complied as well for uniformity purpose. Q: You see a power driven vessel at 4 points on port bow with range of 8 nautical miles, what are your actions? A: Take series of compass bearing. If bearing remains steady with range decreasing, sound 5 short and rapid blasts on whistle (Rule 34). Supplement with 5 short flashes. Man on wheel. Inform Master. Engines on standby. Check my navigational lights. If bearing is still steady with range reducing, sound one short blast and alter course to starboard and parallel her course. Monitor the situation and decide on the best course of action to take (Rule 34, 8d). Q: Fully identify the vessel and explain what action to take.

A:

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It is a vessel constraint by her draught (CBD), probably 50 or more metres in length and seen from starboard side, making way through the water. Day signal is a black cylinder displayed where it can best be seen (Rule 28). I am required not to impede her safe passage (Rule 18di); I will reduce my speed and allow her to pass ahead, will monitor the situation until she is finally passed and clear. Fog signal is one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at intervals not exceeding 2 minutes (Rule 35c).

Q: Fully identify this vessel and explain what action to take.

A: A vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling seen from astern with gear extending more than 150 metres in length and making way, OR A vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling with gear extending more than 150 metres in length underway but not making way, OR A vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling with gear extending more than 150 metres at anchor (fishing vessels dont display anchor light). Day signal is 2 black cones with apexes pointing together in a vertical line where it can best be seen and another black cone pointing upwards in the direction of the gear (Rule 26c). Fog signal is one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at interval not exceeding 2 minutes (Rule 35c,d) Q: Identify this vessel.

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A power driven vessel seen from astern underway (Rule 23a iv), OR A power driven vessel with length less than 7 metres and speed not exceeding 7 knots (Rule 23c ii), OR A life raft, OR A vessel under oars (Rule 25d ii), OR A vessel less than 50 metres in length out of range of side lights, (Rules 22, 23a ii), OR Shore object.

Q: Fully identify this vessel and explain what action you will take.

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A: A vessel engaged in trawling probably 50 or more metres in length seen from starboard side under way and making way (Rule 26b). I will take series of compass bearing. If bearing remains steady, I will sound one short blast and alter course to starboard and pass well clear of her bow. And will monitor the situation until she is finally passed and clear. Fog signal is one prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts at intervals not exceeding 2 minutes. Q: You see the Trawler described above 4 points on your port bow with range of 6 nautical miles in a TSS, what are your actions? A: I will take series of compass bearing to ascertain if risk of collision exists. If bearing is steady and range is decreasing, I will sound 5 shorts and rapid blasts on the whistle, Supplement with 5 short flashes, Inform Master, Man on wheel, Standby engines, Check my navigational lights, If bearing remains steady and range is decreasing, I will reduce my speed and allow her to pass ahead of me and report her to appropriate authority.

Q: Fully identify this vessel and explain what action you will take.

A: She is a towing vessel probably 50 or more metres in length seen from starboard side underway with length of tow exceeding 200 metres. She is towing two vessels (Rule 24). I will take series of compass bearings of the tug and the last towed vessel to ascertain if risk of collision exists. If bearing remains steady, I will maintain my course with caution. This is because she is not restricted in her ability to manoeuvre and therefore remains the give-way vessel. Day signals are a black diamond displayed where it can best be seen on both the tug and each of the towed vessels. Fog signals are one prolonged followed by two short blasts at intervals not exceeding 2 minutes on the whistle by the tug. If the last vessel towed is manned, she will sound one prolonged followed by three short blasts at intervals not exceeding 2 minutes. Q: Fully identify this vessel and explain the actions you will take.

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A: She is a power driven vessel (PDV) probably 50 or more metres in length seen from starboard side underway. I will take series of compass bearing to ascertain if risk of collision exists. I expect bearing to open up gradually to starboard. If I anticipate any close-quarters situation, I will sound one short blast and alter course to port to increase the Closest Point of Approach (CPA).

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You sight a mine clearance vessel ahead; what are your actions? Alter course to starboard making CPA of at least 1000 metres (Rule 27f), Stop and take all way off the vessel, Contact the vessel with positive identity and take information as per the exercise, Inform Master, Start Engines and pass well clear as per instructions from the vessel.

RESTRICTED VISIBILITY Note: In all cases you are a power driven vessel underway. Also, there is no stand-on vessel; every vessel is a give-way vessel (Rule 19). Q: A: Q: A: What actions will you take on approaching a fog bank? Place main engines on standby Reduce vessel speed to safe speed Place lookouts and make radar fully operational with systematic plotting of targets in the vicinity Start sounding appropriate fog signal before entering the fog bank Inform Master Ascertain the position of vessel (if possible) before entering the fog bank. Stop all noisy work on deck. You hear a fog signal about 3 points on port bow, what are your actions? Stop and take all way off vessel Double lookouts Change fog signal Increase frequency of sounding fog signal Adjust radar ranges to detect appropriate object Listen to the signal made by the other vessel 12

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Q: You see a target 1 point abaft starboard beam range 8 nautical miles, what are your actions? A: Commence, continue and complete plotting of the target to determine her course, speed, CPA, TCPA, BCPA and aspect. By now the range may be less than 8 nautical miles thus, Stop and take all way off the vessel, Change fog signal from that of a vessel making way to that of a vessel stopped and not making way, Sound it more frequently, Inform Master, Double lookout, Keep a good listening for fog signal, Keep plotting until shes finally passed and clear. Q: You see target on port bow, then you hear fog signal 4 points on starboard bow, what are your actions? A: Stop and take all way off your vessel, Change fog signal, Inform Master, Double lookout, Sound fog signal more frequently, Maintain good listening for fog signal, Bring down radar range to try and pick the target on starboard bow, Keep plotting the other vessel until she is finally passed and clear. Q: You see target astern on a steady bearing, what are your actions? A: Commence, continue and complete plotting to determine the course, speed, CPA, TCPA, BCPA and aspect of the target, I will alter course to port because I will normally expect her to alter course to starboard, I will also keep my starboard side clear. Q: After plotting a target 4 points on your starboard bow; you find out that the CPA is 1 nautical mile on your bow, what are your actions? A: Alter course 45 to starboard and continue plotting until the target is finally passed and clear. Q: Target on a reciprocal course; what are your actions? A: Commence, continue and complete plotting to determine course, speed, CPA, TCPA, BCPA and aspect, Alter course to starboard and continue plotting until she is finally passed and clear. Q: Two targets 4 points on both bow; what are your actions? A: Commence, continue and complete plotting of both targets to determine their courses, speeds, CPA, TCPA, BCPA and aspects, Alter course to starboard and keep plotting until both targets have finally passed and clear.
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Q: After plotting, you determined that the CPA of a target on your starboard bow is zero; what are your actions? A: Alter course 60 to starboard and continue plotting until the target is finally passed and clear. Q: After plotting, you determined the CPA of a target on your starboard bow is 1 nautical mile at your stern; what are your actions? A: Alter course 90 to starboard and continue plotting until the target is finally passed and clear. Q: After plotting two targets; one 4 points starboard bow and the other 2 points abaft starboard beam, you determined that their CPA is respectively zero and 0.5 nautical miles astern; what are your actions? A: Stop and take all way off the vessel, Change fog signal, Sound it more frequently, Inform Master, Double lookout, Maintain good listening for fog signals, Keep plotting until both vessels are finally passed and clear.

TABLE OF CONTENTS :

| Aft mooring stations | anchoring | carriage of publications | classes of dangerous goods | contents of IMDG code | contents of MGN MSN MIN | contents of weekly notices | dragging anchor | duties of oow bridge watch | Duties on Cargo Watch | fire in the accommodation | fire in the galley | fog bank | fog signal on bow | GMDSS periodical tests | impeding safe passage of CBD | impeding safe passage of PDV | isolated danger buoy | Joining as 3rd Mate | magnetic compass reading | pilot boarding preparation | precautions while handling CO2 | Preparing for sea | region B buoyage | restricted visibility | rigging accommodation ladder | running moor | Safe navigation watch | short turn around | sighting vessel aground | standing moor |

PS: The above questions and answers are only aids to preparation for MCA OOW orals. The whole document is not all inclusive thus reference should be made to other texts. I personally recommend Seamanship Techniques by D.J. House. It should be an inseparable companion of all deck officers. These notes were made from classroom lectures delivered by Captain Finch of Fleetwood Nautical College, England, United Kingdom, and notes from colleagues who attended and passed MCA OOW Orals.

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